Electric heaters for heating a private house. Electric heating of the country house - simplicity and cleanliness of the design solution

The choice of a heating system is a key issue, from the solution of which depends the comfort of living and the safety of the owner's finances. Considering various options, it is worth paying attention to electric heating  in a private house. Modern systems operating from electricity are very diverse and not all of them consume an excessive amount of energy. Let us consider each of them in detail.

Therefore, their advantages are somehow not taken into account.

Electric heating systems are among the most environmentally friendly. They do not give any emissions into the atmosphere

This is fundamentally wrong, because electrical systems  have many significant advantages that distinguish them from other types of heating:

• Security.  The equipment does not work with open flames and explosive substances, like other heaters. Qualitatively laid wiring - a reliable protection against possible fire.
• Easy to manage and maintain. Automatic systems regulate the operation of equipment, which requires minimal human intervention. Elements that require regular replacement or cleaning are not available.
• Complete environmental safety.  When working, the system does not emit toxic substances, so it can be installed in any premises.
• No need to store fuel.  Therefore, no special room is required for the storage of combustible materials.
• Compactness.  Most of the equipment is small in size. A variety of design devices allows you to easily choose a model for anyone in the style of the interior.
• Low cost. In comparison with other types of heating appliances, the price of such equipment is much lower.

Of the significant disadvantages of electrical systems in addition to the fairly high cost of electricity for the sake of justice, one should note the complete energy dependence of the equipment. This means that when the power supply is cut off, all appliances will stop working, which will be especially noticeable in areas with frequent outages. In addition, for the uninterrupted operation of the equipment you need a powerful electrical network, which is not everywhere.

For the arrangement of water heating with an electric boiler, only closed system  with fitted diaphragm expansion tank, by means of which the pressure in the system is regulated

Water heating with electric boiler

It is a standard system with a liquid coolant circulating along the heating circuit. Its main difference is that heating of the coolant is made only through the use of an electric boiler. Because of this, such a system will have some features. First of all, it can only be closed type  and should be equipped with a membrane expansion tank.

Otherwise, it will not be possible to avoid uneven heating of rooms, loss of speed and power of heat exchange, which will lead to over-consumption of electricity and, accordingly, unjustified expenses. For the same reasons, it is not recommended to install a system with natural circulation. The best option – forced circulation  coolant, which will make it possible to save energy as much as possible.

Three types of electric boilers can be used to operate this heating system. We will analyze the merits and demerits of each of them.

Boilers with heaters type TEN

In each of these devices are installed heating elements. These are heating elements operating on the principle of resistive heating of a conductor through which an electric current passes. Due to the fact that they have to work in the liquid, the devices are additionally protected in the form of a waterproof housing and reliable insulation. Therefore, the power of the heaters is somewhat reduced.

The figure shows the design of an electric boiler with a TEN heater

As a result, the efficiency of each such heater is not more than 80. Therefore, in order for boilers of this type to heat the coolant to the desired temperature, it is required either to increase the number of heaters or to place heaters of higher power. In any case, energy losses are inevitable, which negatively affects the economics of devices of this type. Most often in one boiler manufacturers install 3-4 heating elements.

Different modes of operation of the device are envisaged. Depending on this, all heating elements can be included in the work, only one of them or a group of elements. The power of electric boilers of the TEN type varies from 3 to 50 kW. The most powerful models are designed to connect to three-phase network, less powerful can work from single-phase.

The arrangement of heating elements in the device can be different, which affects their appearance. They can be made in the form of cylinders with "hidden" inside the heating elements and taken out in a separate housing by the control unit or have the usual rectangular shape with the control elements withdrawn to the housing. The cost of boilers of this type is very low, which is due to their inefficiency.

During operation, the surface of the heating element is covered with scale and salt deposits, so it must be regularly changed

TENovyh devices have other drawbacks. First of all, this is a short term "life" of the heating element. In the process of using the device, it is covered with salt deposits and breaks down. Therefore, a regular change of TENS to such an instrument is necessary. Another "minus" is that when starting up the equipment with a small amount of coolant or in its absence, the heaters fail.

Boilers with an electrode principle of action

The principle of operation of the device differs radically from TEN models. To obtain heat, frequency fluctuations are used in a variable network, which in turn cause oscillations of ions in the electrolyte, which leads to its rapid heating. Actually, the boiler is a housing with two electrodes immersed in a coolant, the role of which is played by a conductive liquid or electrolyte.

Most often, antifreeze of this or that brand is used for this purpose. Electrode devices favorably differ in their compactness and low weight, while their heating power is high. Such boilers can be installed in groups, launching one or more instruments as needed at once. Another advantage of the electrode equipment lies in its almost total insensitivity to voltage drops in the network.

Electrode boilers are very compact, which distinguishes them from analogues of TEN type

A safe range for them is 15-20%, which is quite a lot. However, stability of the frequency of alternating current is very important for devices. Electrode boilers are completely fireproof, as such a device can not overheat, and in the absence of a coolant it simply does not turn on. The appliance heats up very quickly. In terms of efficiency, it is 20% higher than the TEN analog, that is, its efficiency is about 98%.

However, its performance can be increased. This is achieved by tying the device with metal pipes. Thus, the ionization zone of the coolant significantly expands, which gives the effect of increasing productivity. The cost of electrode boilers is low. Therefore, when such equipment only appeared, it was considered almost an ideal heating device.

However, in the process of exploitation, shortcomings also emerged. First of all, this is not a stable power of the device. It depends very much on the chemical composition of the conductive liquid and its temperature, since even with small deviations the electrical conductivity of the solution changes, which leads to changes in the intensity of heating. In addition, the electrode system is very difficult to automatically control and adjust.

Electrode boilers can be installed in groups, which makes them much easier to use

For boilers of this type, the purity of the coolant is extremely important. In the case of non-compliance with the proportions of the solution or its contamination, all the advantages of such a system are lost. Therefore, at least once a year, the correction of the chemical composition of the electrolyte is required. With the same periodicity it will be necessary to clean the heat exchanger and the entire heating system from salt deposits, which will accumulate quickly enough.

A prerequisite for connecting an electrical heating system at an electrode type house is the presence of a ground loop. Thus, in spite of the fact that such heating devices are more economical than their TEN analogs, they do not use special demand. A sufficient number of drawbacks make their use for heating a private home not entirely convenient.

Heating boilers of induction type

These are the most perfect representatives of electric heating systems. At the heart of these devices is the principle of electromagnetic induction. Everything happens as follows. An electric current is passed through the primary winding located in the core of the device. It induces a voltage in the secondary winding located closer to the body of the device. It is a labyrinth system of pipes through which the coolant passes.

The figure shows schematically the induction boiler and the principle of its operation

When the secondary circuit is closed, a resistive heating of the conductor occurs, and, accordingly, the heat carrier. There is no loss of energy at all, so the efficiency of such a system is almost 100%. The heating of the liquid takes place very quickly and evenly. Induction boilers are very economical. This index increases even more due to self-induction of the system, which is associated with additional reactive power.

It produces currents passing through a secondary closed loop. At the same time, the values ​​of the emerging additional power are sufficiently large. The version of the inductive boiler - a vortex induction heater or VIN - acts differently. On its primary winding comes a voltage, which is previously converted into a high-frequency. Thus, the intensity of the electromagnetic field increases sharply.

What gives the same rapid increase in current that is generated by this field. The peculiarity of the VIN boiler is that it does not have a secondary winding. All metal surfaces of the equipment are used instead.

They are specially made of materials with pronounced ferromagnetic properties. The appearance of eddy currents leads to a magnetization reversal, which causes a strong and almost instantaneous heating of the ferromagnetic alloys.

Induction boilers are compact, but they have considerable weight

Consequently, practically all the massive elements of the case participate in the heat exchange process, which makes it possible to obtain a very high efficiency approaching 100%. Induction boilers of both varieties are distinguished by their considerable weight and relatively small dimensions. They can be installed one by one or by groups, the latter provides significant advantages in the organization of heating the building.

The advantages of induction boilers include fast, almost instantaneous heating. The equipment is easy to adjust, therefore, automatic control units are mounted on it, providing precise settings. In terms of electrical and fire safety, these devices are most favorable when compared with analogues of other types.

The high efficiency of induction devices does not decrease even after a long period of operation. This is due to the fact that salt deposits or scales do not accumulate inside the device. They are removed by high-frequency microvibrations that accompany the operation of the equipment. For the same reason, there are no special requirements for the chemical composition of the coolant. Boilers are insensitive to it.

The use of induction boilers gives an energy saving of about 40% compared to the use of electric boilers of other types

Another advantage is the long life of induction boilers. Without exaggeration, it can be estimated in tens of years. This is because there are simply no vulnerable nodes for the equipment. The contact of the electrical part of the device with the heat carrier is completely absent. Problems can arise only with welds, which usually serve for a very long time. The main advantage of this type of equipment is its economy.

Practice shows that it allows you to save up to 40% of electricity compared to its TEN and electrode analogs. Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting a small vibrational noise, which is produced by the boilers during the work. Massiveness, which requires attention during installation, especially if the device is mounted on a wall. Another disadvantage is the relatively high cost of induction devices.

Equipment for infrared heating

For heating your a country house  electricity can be used modern systems  infrared heating. For their work, the principle of wave energy transfer is used for some distance. Everything happens as follows. Emitter converts electric power  into the wave of the infrared and transmits it. The waves move until they reach any opaque surface.

Temperature distribution when used infrared heating  much more comfortable for a person than using traditional heating methods

Here they are transformed into thermal energy, heating the body that met on their way. The object heated up in this way, whether it is large furniture, floor or wall, begins to give heat to the atmosphere, thereby heating up the air in the room. Thus, the most uniform heating of the room occurs, and the temperatures are distributed in the most comfortable way for a person.

At the same time, there is practically no energy loss, which causes high efficiency infrared heaters. They are available in different versions. Especially popular is a special film with sealed in it carbon radiators. It is used to build a system of warm floors, it can be used on the ceiling and on the walls. The film is closed with any finishing material, which does not affect its properties.

The thickness of the infrared film is small, it is invisible under any coating. The system is moisture resistant, it is not afraid of dynamic loads. It must be dismantled and used again. On sale you can find infrared heaters in the form of plates of various sizes. They are also designed to be fixed on walls or ceiling. However, in this case it is rather a question of additional heating, rather than the main one.

Infrared film can be covered with any finishing material. This does not affect its properties in any way

In terms of efficiency, infrared equipment outperforms all known electrical heating systems. This is because he can very quickly heat up the room, after which the automatic control unit periodically turns the device on / off, maintaining the desired temperature regime. The disadvantages of infrared systems include a strict heating direction.

The device heats only the area located in front of it. Therefore, for example, infrared film, laid on the entire perimeter of the floor or ceiling. Another disadvantage is the relatively high cost of such equipment, especially if you need to purchase material for floor heating or a ceiling PLEN system. However, we must admit that such investments of funds pay off fairly quickly.

Modern infrared heaters can be made in the form of a decorative panel

  Heating electric convectors

The operation of these devices is similar to the operation of heating radiators. They also warm up and transmit heat to the air around them. The difference is that there is no coolant in the convectors. Therefore, systems of supply / discharge pipes are not needed. Instead, heaters are placed inside the device, which heat its surface. For the intake of cold air, the lower part of the device is intended.

It penetrates inside the convector through a special mesh. Heating from the TEN, air rises higher and exits through the upper grate. During the work of the heater, a steady upward flow of warm air is created, which quickly heats the room. To regulate the heating temperature, the equipment is equipped with a thermostat, an automatic control unit can be installed.

Manufacturers produce a wide range of devices of different power and design. For rooms with high humidity, you can purchase devices with special protection. Convectors are extremely simple to operate and safe. The heating element of the device is inside its housing, the external panel is heated very little, so it is impossible to burn it.

The diagram shows schematically the principle of the electric convector: cold air masses are tightened by the device from the bottom and after the treatment are output outside at the top

Heating devices are noiseless, so they do not create any inconvenience. Various variations of convectors are produced, among which there are mobile portable models. There are devices intended for installation in the floor. They are installed under the windows, in front of doors and in other similar places, where the devices create an effective heat curtain to prevent cold from entering the room.

Negative characteristics of convectors include their small power. Therefore, to heat the building will require a fairly large number of them, which is a serious load on the wiring. In addition, the cost-effectiveness of such devices is low. They consume quite a lot of electricity.

A type of electric convector that is built directly into the floor

Electrical systems "warm floor"

Their principle of operation is to use resistive conductors, which are heated when electric current passes through them. The device is a heating cable, which can be two or single-core, which determines the way it is laid. There are varieties equipped with a semiconductor matrix. These are so-called self-regulating cables capable of controlling heating.

To arrange a warm floor can be taken from the heating cable, which is laid directly on the screed. There is no other installation option for it. In this case, the cement screed becomes a kind of heat accumulator. More convenient for laying option - electric mats. They are the same heating cable, which is fixed to a grid of fiberglass.

The advantage of mats is the possibility of laying not only in the screed. In some cases, for example, ceramic tile, such a system can be laid directly into the glue, the layer of which will need to be slightly increased. The main disadvantage of both versions of the cable floor can be considered that if one of the parts of the system is damaged, the part of the structure behind it breaks down.

During installation, the heating cable is laid so that its sections are not in contact

This drawback is devoid of core heating mats, which are pairs of conductors connected in parallel by rods. The system operates on the principle of self-regulation of the degree of heating. Warm floors of any type are equipped with a thermostat that controls the heating of the device to a certain temperature, after which the equipment is switched off.

Periodic automatic system activation is performed only in order to maintain the set temperature. This mode of operation saves energy, but such heating is still quite energy-intensive. Therefore, it is often used as an additional heating system and for equipping in rooms of particularly comfortable warm zones. This can be, for example, areas for children's games or the floor in the bathroom.

Rod systems continue to work even if one of the elements fails

Video materials illustrating the topic of the article

Video review will tell you which of the electric boilers to choose for your home:

Let's consider features of various types of electric warm floors:

How infrared heating works:

Oil radiators, electric heaters and similar equipment can be classified as "yesterday". To organize with their help a full heating is almost impossible. In addition, they are very uneconomical, so electricity bills will simply be cosmic. The above electric heating systems are effective and can be used for private houses. It is important only to warm the building well, otherwise you will have to pay too much for electricity.

The importance and need for heating are well known. In cases where it is impossible to connect to central system  heating uses a variety of autonomous systems, including electrical heating. This type of heating is especially relevant in the conditions of living in a private house, including, outside settlements.

Electricity and heating

Electric heater

Electricity is one of the best achievements of technological progress. Its transmission over electric grids occurs at any distance and with minimal losses, and its use at the place of consumption is environmentally friendly.

Modern electric heating systems and devices are simple, economical, safe in operation, and also are characterized by their compactness and compatibility with automatic indoor climate control systems.

A necessary and sufficient condition for the arrangement and use of heating with the use of electric energy is the availability of a source of this type of energy and reliable, withstand the load of the corresponding devices, power supply networks.

Mounting of new and reconstruction of existing ones electrical networks  in individual houses requires much less than the cost of new or repairing and reconstructing existing water heating systems connected to boiler houses where solid or liquid fuels are burned. Comparison of water and electric heating shows that the cost of installing a "from scratch" water, at least three times more expensive. Operating costs, fuel costs, not high efficiency of traditional liquid heating make electric home heating even more preferable.

Planning and Design

Before choosing a heating system based on the principles of the use of electric current, it is necessary to find out the total required power consumption for the future system. This power is determined from the following factors:

• The area of ​​the house.
• Seasonal heating of the house.

Based on the power required for heating, it is necessary to ensure that transformer substation, from which the house is powered, has sufficient power. If the capacity of the substation is less than necessary, it will be necessary to make the necessary arrangements for changing the connection station or increasing the capacity of the existing substation. In case of impossibility of realization of these measures, in order to obtain the required capacity, in order to avoid emergency situations, it is necessary to refuse altogether, or to use it as auxiliary or basic heating with primary or additional, respectively, heating of another type.

Flat heater

The choice is different depending on whether the house is used for living all year round or as a summer residence for the period from spring to autumn. But the most important thing for a home is a thermal insulation, because any perfect, powerful system will not warm if the insulation is in a deplorable state. In addition, significant heat losses will lead to high energy costs.

In terms of safety for consumers, heating electricity is the best among other types. But planning it should take into account the condition and power of the house wiring, and in the case of a large heated area and, as a consequence, a large aggregate power consumption of heating appliances, a three-phase power network may be required.

In a house under construction, electricity heating is provided for in the main building project to avoid repairs or reconstructions of the building itself during the installation of electric heating equipment. And the installation and implementation of related works will require the involvement of qualified specialists.

Advantages

In general, there are a number of advantages, among which:

• High efficiency.
• Convenience, ease of operation of the system.
• Effective management, regulation of heat output.
• Relatively small dimensions of the heating appliances, which are unpretentious or do not need care.
• Electric heating is highly hygienic and environmentally friendly in operation.
• Noiselessness of the heating system.
• Combined heat supply, using electric heating devices, is universal and allows reducing costs.

Types of electrical systems

Water heating  using for heating the heat carrier electric boiler

The most famous and common is water heating with the use of an electric boiler for heating the coolant. Boilers are used as the main source of heating or as an additional device used in conjunction with the operation of other systems: gas, solid fuel, diesel.

Electric heating boilers  is able to heat relatively large areas, easy to operate, highly productive. But systems with their use are characterized by a number of disadvantages of traditional water heating, due to the need to deliver the coolant directly to heat devices.

Electric direct heating systems are the most promising for Russia and the most popular in Europe. In such systems, the heating of the premises takes place without the use of a coolant - the energy of electricity, converted to heat, transmitted and heated by the building without intermediaries. Heating electrical appliances of such systems by type of heat transfer are divided into convection, radiating, combined. Depending on the method of transfer of thermal energy, the accumulating and directly converting electric power into heat is released.

Convection

In convective air, the heating element flows around the heating element in a forced or natural way, while it heats up and rises, transferring heat to the room. Convectors can additionally be equipped with accumulating devices from materials that hold heat for a long time. Such materials are contained in rocks of volcanic origin: talcochloride, steatite, gabbro-diabase.

During the operation of the convection device, the battery accumulates thermal energy, and when the device is switched off and does not consume electricity - gradually gives off heat. The convector is controlled by electromechanical or electronic thermostats and thermal limiters.

Radiating

Effective heating of rooms with high ceilings

According to the principle of radiation, electrical panels that transmit heat with infrared radiation operate in a manner similar to the transfer of energy by the Sun. They heat the surrounding space without air circulation, evenly spreading heat in the room with radiation. These devices heat the objects themselves, not the air.

Such panel-type electric radiators can be installed in any convenient place - even on the ceiling. Instrument control, maintenance of the set temperature in the room occurs through a thermal limiter, a power regulator, an automatic temperature regulator.

Combined

Known until recently, combined heating appliances are oil electric radiators, which produce heating due to radiation from the heated surface of the shell and convection. It is controlled like a convector, but most devices are regulated by not very accurate electromechanical thermostats, as a result of this energy loss reaches 15-17%, in comparison with convectors.

Combined devices of the new generation are made from a homogeneous heat transfer material (from aluminum to glass ceramics), heated by the inside of the housing with a tenon or other insulated electric heating element. Modern elements of automatic control make these devices as efficient and economical as possible.

System

The electric system of independent heating of the house using the selected electric heaters with their own monitoring devices centrally controls each of them separately and allows saving up to 65% of electric power in the case of using infrared heaters. At the same time, for full-fledged heating, infra-red heaters for floor and ceiling execution are installed, as well as wall systems. Often used combined floor fixtures.

The advantage of electric heaters (radiators, heat curtains, convectors, fan heaters) is the ease of installation and operation. All you need to do is calculate the capacity for a room or the whole house, purchase, and then place the heating appliances in the places chosen for them. The arrangement of electric heating systems does not require significant effort, as in the case of the installation of water heating systems. As a rule, consumers mount the devices on their own, and in the extreme case they attract ordinary electricians to work.

When it is necessary to equip big house  or a cottage settlement, with the use of additional devices for centralized control and management, then invite a specialist who selects the optimal heating scheme.

A two-circuit boiler is a very convenient apparatus

Heating by gas today is one of the best. Natural gas is an economical, efficient, safe, environmentally friendly fuel.

Gas and electric heating are close in their effectiveness, safety and a number of other advantages. But with a detailed examination of their specific shortcomings.

Comparison with electric boilers reveals the following. Electric boilers are more expensive than gas boilers, but their performance in some cases is higher, control is more convenient and simpler, and their use is more safe. The electric boiler is only required to connect the power supply, and gas analogs additionally require the purchase of a hinged burner, regular cleaning from fumes and soot. Electric boilers are easy to install, and this is another advantage.

Gas heating requires permission to install it, prepare a place for its installation, wiring the system for it, connect and install all necessary equipment, which in sum is quite expensive. But the monthly payment for heating will be lower than for electricity, although it also depends on the efficiency of the purchased gas system. And the rest of the gas is inherent in the shortcomings of the water system within the interior space, as a system using a coolant.

When comparing gas heating with heating by electric heaters of direct effect, the advantages of electric heating consist in the absence of installation permits, much less capital investments, in simplicity of installation and maintenance. The disadvantage of a more expensive source of energy is electrical.

Conclusion

The use of new technologies and materials for the production of electric heating appliances has made electric heating one of the better ways  heating for all relevant parameters. This kind of heating is second only to gas heating - at the cost of heating itself, because electricity is an expensive kind of energy. But the cost of initial capital and regular annual investments in gas heating, according to some comparative calculations to date, will pay off, due to the low cost of gas, only after many decades. Choose the kind of heating to heat the house after taking into account all the specific operating conditions and possibilities.

Owners of country cottages quite often visit the summer residence in the summer, and in winter they make visits several times a month. Therefore, many owners do not consider it advisable to design in the country house stationary system  gas heating and solve the problem of low temperatures using electric heating. Unlike traditional kinds of heating, electric heating of the country house has a number of significant advantages, among them:

A solid list of advantages makes owners think about designing a country house heating with the help of devices operating from electricity, such as electric boilers, electric oil batteries, ceramic heating panels, heat guns, inverter batteries, infrared heaters, fan heaters.

A modern electric boiler for heating a dacha is one of the most common types of heaters. He can provide full heating in the cottage, which is not connected to the gas supply system. Correctly picking up electric boilers  for heating the cottage by capacity, you can use one device to effectively heat the entire area of ​​the house.

Approximately ten square meters of floor space should account for one kilowatt of boiler power.

For example, an electric boiler of 6 kW is suitable for heating a dacha with an area of ​​about 60 square meters. For large cottages, exceeding 85-90 square meters, it is advisable to install a 9 kW electric heating boiler that will cope with its functions and will not work at peak performance.

  Depending on the design features, several models of boilers are distinguished:

Having selected a certain design, you can order an electric boiler on the official website of the manufacturer. At the moment, electric boilers are sold by many domestic and foreign brands. Therefore, before making the final choice of an electric boiler for heating houses in the country, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the specifics of devices from different manufacturers.

Electric boiler Proterm

The brand from Slovakia delivers heating electric boilers to the domestic markets for a long time. All equipment is characterized by good build quality, high degree of automation and safety. Having installed an electric boiler at the cottage, the price of which is about 400 dollars for a single-circuit model with a capacity of 6 kW, the owner will solve the problem of heating the house for a long time in cold winters.

If the dacha has a bathroom or a shower, then an electric double boiler must be purchased to provide the house with hot water supply. Kotel Proterm with two circuits is somewhat more expensive, but the high price is justified by the wide functionality and practicality of the device.

Boiler of Russian production Evan

In the assortment of the Russian brand Evan for dacha, you can pick up a boiler whose electric two-circuit wall price is about 800 dollars for a 12 kW model. Boilers from this brand have a built-in circulating pump, expansion membrane, pressure gauge, remote room thermostat and power indicator. Thanks to the successful design of the heating boiler electric Evan is in no way inferior to imported analogues.

To ensure the safety of the boiler manufacturers have equipped it with a number of functions:

The electric boiler from the brand "Rusnit"

The available electric boiler Rusnit is also produced in the territory of the Russian Federation. Having bought a 9 kW electric boiler in the brand's lineup, the owner will be able to provide efficient heating  in a summer cottage, the area of ​​which is approximately 90 squares with a ceiling height of up to three meters. This boiler is characterized by its simplicity of installation, compact outer casing and easy adjustment of operation settings.

For boilers from the Rusnit brand, the following specifics are typical:

• protection against overheating;
• has a remote room thermostat;
• the function of the power indicator is programmed.

Electric boiler for summer residence - the final choice

Having decided on the brand, the consumer has yet to solve another dilemma, namely, to answer the question: to install a heating electric boiler in a dacha or to give preference to a model operating with a voltage of 220V? It should be understood that the first option requires a good wiring, which will cope with high loads. Therefore, the owners of old cottages with poor wiring from the idea to use for heating a boiler electric heating 380v price of about $ 500 for a model with a capacity of 6 watts, it is better to refuse.

Summarizing the consideration of the option of heating a dacha using electric boilers, we can distinguish a number of nuances.

The advantages of the devices include:

The disadvantages of devices are also worth taking seriously:

• high power consumption;
• a solid investment in the purchase of a quality boiler from a reliable manufacturer.

Oily batteries

Electric oil batteries in appearance resemble the usual water radiators, but heating of the coolant, in this case - oil, located in the metal case of the device, is made through the use of electrical energy. Various models of oil heaters are able to warm up the air in a room with an area of ​​10 to 25 square meters. Often they are mounted on the floor and are equipped with a number of auxiliary options, such as a work timer and thermostat.

Features of oil heaters:

Electric convector

This device is devoid of a number of drawbacks attributed to oil analogues, so houses in the country with the use of convectors can be a reasonable choice. The convector uses for heating the air a metal spiral of high resistance, hidden under an attractive compact body. When the lower layers of air are warmed up, work is switched on natural principle  convection of air masses, and uniform heating of the whole country house is achieved.

Specificity of convectors:

Ceramic heating panels

More recently, electric heating systems of the country house have been supplemented with ceramic panels. These devices demonstrated excellent consumer characteristics. They have an aesthetic design, neat body and suggest simple installation. However, the main advantages of ceramic heating panels are not in the competent body design, but in the features of functioning. These devices in many ways surpass convectors and oil heaters.

They can demonstrate the following possibilities:

The only nuance that is worth studying the owners of holiday homes before making a decision to purchase a ceramic panel is the cost of the devices. At the moment, the price of panels on the market is quite high, and given the fact that several appliances are needed to fully heat the dacha, their purchase will result in a round sum.

Heat guns

At the dacha you can use electric heating guns, which will help to maintain the specified temperature regime. These devices are environmentally friendly - when working they do not create harmful exhausts and do not pollute the atmosphere. Depending on the design features, the device can use a helix or heating element for heating and operate both from a two-phase and from a three-phase network.

When choosing an electric cannon for a dacha, you should give preference to a model equipped with a thermostat.

Such a gun will cost a little more than similar models without a thermostat, but it will give a number of functional advantages:

Inverter Heatsink

Well proven inverter heating batteries - they are not afraid of power outages and have greater autonomy than all the devices listed above. These devices have the ability to accumulate electrical energy and expend it in cases of emergency switching-off of light. Such devices are very advantageous to use in regions that have problems with the quality supply of electricity.

Advantages of inverter batteries used for heating cottages:

Disadvantages of the devices:

• high price;
• the need to comply with certain installation rules recommended by the manufacturer.

Infrared heaters

Owners of dachas, which put in priority the creation of economical electric heating, will be helped by infrared heaters - unique devices that demonstrate impressive energy efficiency indicators. For a long time this type of devices caused skepticism among the people and many did not believe in the advertised effectiveness and profitability of infrared devices. However, over time, the owners were able to personally check the consumer qualities of devices of this type and highlight a number of advantages and disadvantages.

Benefits:

Disadvantages:

• high price;
• the presence of a characteristic sound during the operation of the device.

Fan heaters

If the cottage has a small area, then with its heating can handle an inexpensive fan heater. Among the listed in the review of heating equipment, this device is characterized by the most compact enclosure and affordable price. However, the use of the device carries a number of features. It is necessary to understand that the device over-dry the air and does not contribute to the creation of a healthy microclimate, requires constant monitoring, because it is fire-dangerous and works with a characteristic monotonous sound.

Each holiday home has its own distinctive features, so the choice of type of electric heating must be made individually. The owner of the house can familiarize himself with the most common types of electric heaters and buy the optimal device that will become the basis of the heating system of the holiday home.

The desire to disconnect from the central heating system or insure themselves in case of emergency situations, as well as the absence of a main gas pipeline near the residential building, lead to the need to search for an alternative. In urban conditions, an ideal alternative to gas is the electric heating of the apartment. How does it happen, how does it work and what does it need to heat its home with electricity?

Types of autonomous electric heating

Electrical heating of living areas can be divided into two main types: direct heating by electricity and water heating, in which the heating medium is heated by electricity, and then delivered through the system to the radiators.

Electric heating is not limited to mobile radiators

Direct heating via electricity

Direct heating means electro-heating without the use of a coolant. In this case, the electricity is converted into a thermal one, due to which the room is heated. There are several types of electric heating direct type:

• Convector heating is based on the principle of natural air exchange, according to which cold air falls down, and warm air masses rise. Noiselessly working devices in a constant mode heat up the cooled air, creating thereby a comfortable temperature. Convectors can work without human intervention, they are safe and do not require monitoring. Automatic work  provide temperature controllers that support the room temperature set. With the help of convectors, it is possible to create a single autonomous system, supplemented with centralized control.
• Infrared electric heating in the apartment does not heat the air, but the objects and people in the room. The work of infrared radiators is not affected by drafts and open windows, they do not dry the air and do not burn the oxygen contained in it. For autonomous heating  the warm floors and ceiling radiators are ideally suited, with the help of which it is possible to obtain economical zonal heating, ensuring in each zone of the room the most comfortable temperature.
• Heating of air with the help of oil electric radiators is due to the hot body of the metal device. Inside each radiator of this type there is a heating element that heats up the mineral oil in the battery. Combined models that combine oil heaters and fan heaters are most effective. In apartments this type of heating is used mainly for additional heating and in those periods when central heating  does not work yet. To create an autonomous system, this is not the most convenient and rather expensive way.

The device of an electric convector

Water heating

The principle of operation of water electric heating is no different from gas, diesel and solid fuel, only as energy that heats the coolant, electricity is used. In comparison with direct heating, there is a huge advantage here - in the event of a power outage, the coolant will give up heat for a while, keeping the temperature created in the apartment.

At first glance, heating an apartment with electricity seems an expensive pleasure, but obtaining permission to install a gas boiler and install it can be even more expensive. Electricity is the safest heat agent, excluding poisoning, explosions and other accidents. Its use does not require special permits and compilation of expensive projects.

Water heating can be single-circuit or dual-circuit, the second option besides heating the home provides a home hot water  for domestic needs. It is also possible to make two single-circuit systems to save energy for heating water in summer. With this option, the boiler spends only a quarter of its capacity.

Features of water heating installation

Example of heating installation with electric boiler

Installation of electric water heating begins with the construction of a scheme for tying the connection, the strapping in this case is the connection of the boiler to other elements. In the process of drawing up the scheme, it is necessary to measure the area and height of the premises, finally choose the type of system (single-circuit or double-circuit), calculate the boiler's capacity and find a place for its installation. As a result, the scheme should include:

1. Expansion tank.
2. Pipes and radiators for heating.
3. Circulation pump.
4. Stop valves.
5. Sensors for temperature control.
6. Filters.

Connection diagram of the electric boiler

Unlike gas heaters, electric boilers can be installed anywhere in the apartment, but when natural circulation  It is advisable to place the device at the lowest point of the system. It is also recommended to install the unit away from the water supply to avoid the possibility of a short circuit in the event of a leak. To connect the device you need a separate power line.

When calculating the boiler's output, it is necessary to take into account the area of ​​the room, the insulation of the apartment, the number of radiators, the climatic zone in which the dwelling is located. For an apartment with an area of ​​not more than 60 square meters, a device with a capacity of not more than 6-7 kW will suffice.

Heating radiators are installed under the windows, while they must completely overlap the width of the window opening. It is possible to install two batteries, if the dimensions of one do not allow closing the available space.

Electric boilers for water heating

The basis of water electric heating is a boiler, heating the coolant for the system. Modern devices are characterized by high performance, easy installation, convenient operation. They are able to heat large areas, consisting of several isolated rooms. By the method of heating the thermal carrier, these aggregates can be divided into three groups: tenovye, electronic and induction.

The device of a standard electric boiler

Electric boilers are a traditional choice

The tehn boilers work according to the principle of an electric kettle that is familiar to everyone, where the heater plays a heating element - a tubular electric heater. A tenth electric boiler for heating an apartment can work with any heat carriers, including antifreeze liquid. Devices of this type have an acceptable cost, compact size and attractive design. The power of the devices can be easily adjusted by switching on and off individual heating elements. If one of the elements fails, the device can continue to work on the remaining ones.

The main disadvantage of the boiler with TEN - the need for regular cleaning of the heaters from scale, formed during operation. Scale reduces the efficiency of equipment and leads to increased electricity consumption.

Induction boilers - safe operation

Induction devices heat water by the method of electromagnetic induction, which is based on the heating of special materials obtained from magnetic chemical compounds. Externally, the induction water heater is similar to a transformer placed in a metal casing. The main element of the device is an induction coil, it is in a separate hermetic compartment.

The advantages of the induction boiler is that the core heats up in a few minutes, the heater never fails, the lime does not form during operation, and any heat carrier can be used to heat the house.

Among the shortcomings it is worth noting the high cost of equipment, the relatively large size in comparison with the other two types of electric heating units, as well as the possibility of using only in closed heating systems.

Electrode water heaters - saving electricity

Electrode electric heating boilers for the apartment are heated by electrodes, or more precisely - by the resistance of water when passing current through it.

Electrode apartments

Advantage of electrode heaters can be attributed to their compactness, acceptable cost, lack of scale during operation, safety, power adjustment without the use of complex devices. Electrode aggregates have a very high efficiency - 95-98%, which makes them economical in terms of electricity consumption.

If you look for shortcomings, it is worth noting that as a coolant in electrode boilers, it is not possible to use non-freezing liquid and ordinary water. To operate the system requires special water with a certain amount of salt. For trouble-free operation and prevention of boiling, it is important to ensure a normal circulation of water in the system and maintain it at the same level.

Connecting an electric boiler can not be called a complex process, but this work requires certain knowledge, strict adherence to rules and compliance with safety regulations. To protect your house from accidents, it is better to entrust everything important milestones  professionals.

Video: which electric boiler to choose

One of the most pressing issues for owners of country houses, houses, cottages, bathhouses, and other buildings of country type, is the issue of heating. To date, there are three main types: solid fuel, gas and electric heating. Let's try to figure out which is still better. We calculate three variants of 90m 2.

Options for heating a country house and calculating prices

so , solid fuel. Solid fuel boilers they are quite simple and durable, they work on virtually all types of solid fuel: wood, coal, peat, pellets, briquettes, etc. The use of various briquettes, pellets or pellets is quite expensive, as manufacturers supply their goods at inflated prices. Coal, in my opinion, has some territorial affiliation., In regions where there are mines it is more accessible, although there the price for it has risen very much, and accordingly, the transportation of coal to other regions increases its value at times. Therefore, the most common fuel for solid fuel boilers is firewood. For heating the house 90m 2., With permanent residence, it will take 2-2.5 m 3 firewood per month. The cost of one cubic meter of wood (chipped) from 1500r. (for calculation the cost of firewood in the Leningrad region is taken). Thus, by simple mathematical calculations, we get the cost of heating the house 90m 2 within one month is 3000-3500r. On average, the heating season is 7 months, that is, 14-15 m 3 firewood is needed.

Let's calculate the approximate cost of a solid fuel heating system (economy):

• Heating boiler solid fuel 20000r.
• Radiators 7pcs to 3000r = 21000r.
• Installation of the system (including pipes, fittings, adapters, etc.) 50000 rub.

Total: 91,000 rubles.

Gas.   Gas heating is one of the cheapest sources of heat. Of course this is so, if you have a pipe layout, a gas boiler is installed and gas is injected into the site. Let's try to calculate the cost of installing and owning gas heating from "zero".

• Radiators 7pcs. on 3000 = 21000r.
• Gas boiler 40000r.
• Installation of the system (including pipes, fittings, adapters, etc.) 50000 rub.
• Gasification project, connection, coordination from 300000r

Total we receive 412000r., (In practice it turns out not less than 500000r.)

It is believed that for heating a 10m well-insulated house requires a boiler capacity of 1 kW, when choosing the specific power of the boiler, it is necessary to take into account the climatic conditions of the region:

• For the central regions, Wd = 1.2-1.5 kW;
• For the North W w = 1.5-2 kW;
• For Southern W ud = 0.7-0.9 kW;

hence for a house with an area of ​​90m 2, in the central region you will need a boiler:

W of the boiler = 90х1,2 / 10 = 10,8 power of 10,8кВт.

On average, the boiler will work 50% of the time = 5.4 kW / hour.

The calorific value of 1 m 3 of gas is 9.3 kW / h The cost of 1 m 3 of gas (after the last increase in tariffs) is 5.03 p. Hence 1kW. heat, with a boiler efficiency of 95%, costs us about 0.45 rubles.

The heating period lasts about seven months, we get. 5,4 kW / hour. Х 24hours X30 days = 3888 kW multiplied by the cost of 0.45 rubles = 1750 rubles per month; multiply by seven months, we get 12250r. for the heating season.

«Energo Effect» . Now calculate the cost of installation and ownership of the system of electric heating "EffectEnergo" for the same house area of ​​90m. For heating a country house with electricity you will need:

1st floor

• Kitchen-dining room 10.76m is installed one radiator EEE 1200/6 with a capacity of 1.2 kW. The price is 18800 p / pcs.
•   Living room 15.44m under each window installed radiators EE 800/4 with a capacity of 0.8 kW. Price 15,800 r / pcs.
• Hall 9,66m is installed radiator EEE 800/4 with a capacity of 0.8 kW. Price 15,800 r / pcs.
• A 5,13m bathroom is equipped with a radiator EEE 600/4 with a capacity of 0,6kW. Price 14500 p / pcs.
• Tambour (at the request of the customer) one radiator EEE 600/4 with a capacity of 0,6 kW. Price 14500 p / pcs.

The need for a boiler room disappears, you can use it as a wardrobe or a storeroom.

2nd floor.

• Bedroom 10.53m is installed one radiator EEE 1200/6 with a capacity of 1.2 kW. The price is 18800 p / pcs.
• Bedroom 15.21m installs one radiator EEE 1600/8 with a capacity of 1.6 kW. Price 23900 p / pcs.
• Hall 7.61m installed radiator EE 800/4 with a capacity of 0.8 kW. Price 15,800 r / pcs.
• Bathroom 6m is installed radiator EEE 600/4 with a capacity of 0.6 kW. Price 14500 p / pcs.

The total cost of electric heating of a country house 90.49m with Electro-radiators "EffetEnergo" of the "Economy" series is 152400 rub .

• Installation of one radiator 500r., We get 10pcs. on 500r = 5000r.

Total: electric heating plus installation = 152400 rub.

• The peak power of electrical heating will be 8,4kW. The average consumption for the heating period is 2.5-3 kW / hour.
• The cost of ownership of this system of electric heating with a one-rate meter: 3 kW / hour * 24 hours * 30 days / month * 1.92r (one-part tariff in Len.obl.) = 4147r. per month. For the heating season 4147 * 7months = 29029r.
• The cost for a two-rate meter is 3450 rubles a month.
• The cost for the season is 24150 rubles.
• Installation of electrical heating for this cottage 2 hours .

	Cost of heating / month	Cost of the heating system	Annual Service Cost	The cost of heating a year (7 months o / s)
Firewood	3500*	91000*	8000*	32500*
Gas	1750*	412000*	10000*	22250*
EffectEnergo	3450*	152400*	no	24150*

* — The calculations are for informational purposes only and the prices may differ from the actual ones at the moment.

So, based on numbers and mathematical calculations, we get:

1. If you are not a smart woodcutter who can easily lay five or two unfortunate trees in the forest (by the way, illegal logging is a criminal offense, Article 260 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.) Then heating with wood is an expensive and rather troublesome business.

2. Gas heating (when calculating all the components) is cheaper than the heating EffectEnergo for two thousand rubles a year. The difference of initial investments is 260 thousand rubles. Of course, if you are a longevity, and the prospect of paying off investments in gas heating  for 130 years you are not scared, then this way for you. If not ...

Summary: Heating electricity in a private home is the most popular in Europe. This type of heating is convenient, safe and environmentally friendly.

Maybe you are interested in:

Popular Electro-Radiators