home Sewerage

Sewer well for a private house. What sanitary norms should be taken into account

Do not often have to do a sewer well with your own hands. As a rule, such a serious event is to be done when building a new house. Or maybe you have bought yourself a house or a dacha. The first moment of happiness has passed and now we must think about how to make our acquisition more comfortable and fit for a normal life. It is very important to create comfort in the presence of a water supply and sewerage system. No wonder, when they write in the ads for the sale of "a house with all amenities" or "a house without amenities", it is the presence or absence of the above systems.

In case there is no water supply or internal sewerage in the house, you will have to work seriously.

The first step is to decide how to make a sewer well.

Of course, you can hire professionals who will perform all necessary calculations and work. But this is quite an expensive pleasure, so many people decide to make a sewer well for a dacha or for a country house own hands.

A bit of theory

Sewer networks are divided into:

external;
internal.

The internal sewage system is the one inside the house, respectively, outdoor system passes outside the house.

When designing and installing a sewage system, one of the main problems will be determining the location where sewage will flow. It is best to connect to a central sewer system.

In the same case, if near the house or plot there are no city sewer pipes, you only need to equip the sewer well yourself.

To begin with, it is necessary to determine the outlet of the sewer pipe from the basement or the basement of the house (you already need to know where all the plumbing will be located in the house) in order to know from which side you can set up a sewer well.

Your attention!

Where to place a sewer well for a dacha or a private house?

The scheme of the sewage well must be compiled with all these nuances in mind, if you want to have a normally functioning sewer system in the house and clean air on the site.

What questions arise when you are alone?

installation of a sewer well?

What size do a sewer?

If we are talking about a simple cesspool, then the larger the size, the better - you will rarely need to call a machine to pump out sewage.

There is a general formula defining the volume of a sewage well. But all this is conditional and depends on the intensity of water use and therefore sewage.

For example: for a family of 3-4 people living in the country, 3-4 reinforced concrete rings will not always be required.

Do the wells be sealed or leave the possibility of entering the waste water?

There is no definite answer to this question - whether it is hermetically or not, it all depends on a case by case.

According to the norms and rules, a sewage well must be built tightly, that is, the bottom and walls must be tightly concreted. But this entails additional material costs, since as much water was poured into the sewer, so much and have to take out the sewage machine.

Therefore, more common on our country plots Wells with a filtering bottom, through which liquid fractions of impurities penetrate the surrounding well.

If you decide to save on waste water transportation by making the sewage well leaking, then you will have to take into account some of the nuances during the construction, otherwise a badly smelling swamp will form soon around the well, and water from nearby water-wells will not be drunk.

The main requirement, as already mentioned above, the distance between the sewage and drinking wells should be at least 30 meters. The depth of the sewage well will depend on the structure of the soil, you need to reach a well-filtering soil (sand).

The bottom of such a sewage well must be covered with crushed stone with a height of 30 to 40 cm. If your plot has a high groundwater level (1.5 miles higher), you should not use this kind of well, as faecal waters mix with groundwater and this can lead to poisoning or other unpleasant consequences.

What should a sewage well do?

Sewer wells are:

Brick;
Reinforced concrete;
Wooden;
Plastic assembly.

In practice, very different materials are used for the construction of sewerage wells. You can lay the walls of the well red or silicate brick, you can wall the walls of the sewer well with wooden boards impregnated with a special solution against decay.

Often used and completely unconventional materials, for example, often there are wells, the walls of which are lined with cut-off tractor tires.

But still more often for the construction of sewerage wells use iron concrete rings because of the simplicity of construction and ease of installation.

The simplest in the installation of plastic sewage wells.

In fact, for their installation, you only need to dig a pit of the required size, lay out the foundation, install a well and connect the drain pipe. But while for the average consumer the cost of such wells is still quite high, although this kind of sewerage wells is the most environmentally friendly and in due course pays for itself.

The period of removal of sewage is significantly increased. On average, sewage from plastic wells is to be taken out once a year.

How to sew with sewage wells?

It is clear that the sewer will consist of several reinforced concrete rings. The scheme of the sewer well is simple - there are several rings that stand on top of each other and are fastened together.

Installation diagram:

Install the first ring in the allotted space for the sewer.
Now you need to dig inside and around the edge of the ring itself pit. From time to time, you need to put the ring down, this will require at least two people, so that the ring sits down without any distortion. Yes, it is most convenient if one person digs and the second pulls out the soil.
When the upper edge of the first ring is lowered to the ground level, the second ring is exactly on top of the first ring, and the "locks" of the rings must be placed one above the other.
We continue all the same in the same spirit, until all the rings fall below the ground level. Carefully measure at what depth a drainage pipe is suitable for the well. Please note that the pipe must go into the sewer well at a depth of at least 0.6 meters from the surface, otherwise it will freeze in winter.
Do not forget that the hole in the upper ring to insert the pipe must be pierced until the ring has gone underground.
Above the rings we make formwork of brickwork (this is necessary for the warming of the sewer well).
On the formwork we install a reinforced concrete slab with a hatch.
Sewer well must be waterproofed from above. This is necessary so that melt water or precipitation does not enter the sewerage well.

The scheme of sewerage wells of septic type is more complicated, but such a well can also be made by hand. In fact, a septic tank is the simplest treatment plant for cleaning small amounts of sewage.

Simplified represents two (or more) adjacent wells connected by an overflow pipe.

In this case, the first container is a chamber with a sealed bottom and initial sedimentation takes place in it. As it is filled, lighter liquid fractions through the overflow pipe get into the second chamber with a filter base and already almost purified waste water leaves into the ground.

Like ordinary sewage wells, septic tanks are also available in finished form in the form of two connected plastic containers. In this case, you only need to prepare an appropriate pit and connect a sewer pipe from the house.

Using a septic tank instead of a conventional well has several advantages:

a much higher degree of purification and less soil contamination around the well;
practical absence of unpleasant odors near wells;
the time between calls of the sewage machine increases;
the septic tank is the most environmentally friendly version of the external sewage system that can be built with your own hands.

Today, few people will agree to live in a house that does not provide basic amenities. Therefore, when building a private house, cottage or dacha, you need to take care of the local sewage system.

And in order not to get out of the budget, it's worthwhile to build a sewer well with your own hands.

Where to begin?

Of course, before you start building, you need to make a detailed. Only under this condition can you avoid mistakes and do not do the same job several times.

At the initial planning stage, the following activities are carried out:

It is necessary to determine the location of the well for drainage. It is better if it is a playground that is below the level of the house.
Now you need to determine the point where the going under will leave the house.
Then follows the stage of drawing up the scheme in scale with the designation of pipe dimensions. In this case, you need to calculate the number of connections. The quality of the system depends on how accurate the measurements are. In addition, at this stage it becomes clear what materials and in what quantities need to be purchased.

Types of wells for sewer systems

Before deciding how to make a sewer, it is necessary to find out what kinds of these structures need to be included in the scheme.

The system can include wells of the following types:

Differential;
Lookout;
Turning;
Accumulative;
Filtration.

It often happens that one structure is built for the simultaneous execution of several functions.

As a rule, consists of a working chamber and a neck, covered with a hatch. What are the specific features of the design of certain types of these structures?

If the sewage pipeline is sufficiently long, then you can not do without the equipment of inspection wells. Their functions are to ensure observation of the system and convenience of cleaning in the event of clogging.

Advice! According to the rules, the distance from the sewerage outlet from the house to the first observation well should not exceed 12 meters. But closer than three meters from the foundation, it should not be placed. The subsequent manholes are placed at a distance of 15 meters from each other.

The rotary pit is mounted in the event that it is impossible to provide a straight-line arrangement of the pipeline. At the site of the turn of the pipe, a well is installed that can simultaneously be used as a viewing well.

The design of a well for a local sewage system

A delta well is necessary if, due to the natural terrain of the site, it is impossible to produce with the required angle of inclination.

As a rule, the scheme of a sewer well differs from the usual by the presence of a lowering.

However, if the height difference in the position of the pipes in such a well is less than 400 meters, then you can do without installing this additional part. The descent for a well can be collected independently.

It consists of a straight cross, a pipe and a knee. If done, then the knee should be at 45 degrees, when using cast-iron pipes, the required angle is 135 degrees. The release is fixed to the wall of the well with the help of clamps.

Advice! The presence of a cross at the top of the drop is a prerequisite, since otherwise it will be very difficult to clean in case of blockage.

Drainwell installation

The drainage well serves as a reservoir for the accumulation and primary treatment of waste water. When choosing a place for its placement, it is necessary to adhere to the sanitary rules, according to which the drainage well is located at a distance of not less than five meters from the foundation of the house.

As a rule, the scheme of a sewage well is a tank of round or square shape, the bottom of which is filled with concrete.

It is extremely important to ensure the maximum possible tightness of the bottom and walls of the tank in order to prevent the penetration of untreated sewage into the soil.

The simplest drainage wells must be periodically cleaned of the contents using a sewage machine. More advanced systems based on stepped water purification (septic tanks) require cleaning much less often.

Sewer wells, as a rule, are made of bricks, coarse stone, concrete or reinforced concrete. In the latter case it is convenient to use ready-made well rings.

The inner surfaces of the brick well are cemented with cement, and the bottom is covered with concrete. Outside, the well is insulated with a thick layer of fatty clay. Overlapping the well is made of reinforced concrete. In extreme cases, you can use shields made of tarred wood.

Very often, the owners ask themselves how to sew the sewage system with the wells. Indeed, the use of ready well rings from reinforced concrete greatly speeds up the construction process.

To build such a well, you first need to prepare a foundation. To do this, first a "pillow" is made of well-compacted rubble, which is then poured with a solution.

On the finished base, rings are installed, depending on the depth of the well, they require 3 to 5 pieces. To install the rings, it will be necessary to involve the technique, since they are quite heavy. To achieve tightness, the seams between individual rings are smeared with a solution.

Finished plastic wells

The simplest version of the arrangement of the well is the installation of a finished plastic billet. Such wells were not used in Russia before, because plastic could not withstand severe frosts. But with the invention of new types of plastic, this problem was resolved.

When choosing this option, the scheme of sewerage wells will be extremely simple. Plastic tanks are available in different diameters and with already prepared holes for piping.

The arrangement of plastic wells is no different from the usual reinforced concrete. But here to install them is much easier, since they have less weight and ready holes for the pipes. While in reinforced concrete rings, these holes have to be pierced with a special tool or manually.

Plastic wells have the following advantages:

Tightness. This circumstance ensures environmental safety of the use of such products;
Strength and resistance to aggressive environments;
Ability to withstand temperatures from plus 70 to minus 50;
Easy to install and install.

The device of a filtering well

The last element of the autonomous sewage system is the filtering well. It receives water, which has passed preliminary purification in the first septic tanks.

When planning to build a filtering sewer well for a dacha, you need to know that its device is similar to a storage device, but it has its own peculiarities.

So, when constructing the foundation of the well, the concrete is laid not with a continuous layer, but along the perimeter of the shaft, leaving the soil in the center of the future well free. Thus, the edge of the lower ring of the well will be supported by a concrete base, and the bottom of the well will not prevent the water from penetrating downward.

For additional filtration in the lower compartment of the well make drainage holes, placing them at a distance of 50-100 mm from each other. When building such a well of bricks, when laying leave openings-gaps.

At the bottom of the well a meter layer is covered with filtering material - gravel, gravel, broken brick. The same backfill is done from the outside along the perimeter in the lower part of the well. The inlet nozzle is positioned at a height of 500 mm above the top of the fill, which is covered by a slab so that the incident jet does not wash away the layer of filter material.

Advice! Do not cut the inlet pipe flush, otherwise the incoming water will flow through the wall, which will result in the erosion of the backfill. It is better to make this pipe protruding at 50-80 mm inside the well.

How to disguise a sewer well?

Of course, a sewer well for a summer residence is a necessary thing. However, he does not decorate the plot in any way, especially since the place for its location is chosen not for reasons of beauty, but in accordance with the construction and sanitary standards.

As a result, it may turn out that the well will be in the most improper place of the garden. However, it is not difficult to find a way out here - the well should be simply zaderkorirovat, turning the disadvantage into dignity.

The only condition - when inventing the methods of decoration, it is necessary to take into account that access to the well should be provided at any time. In the rest you can rely on your imagination.

You can "cover" the well with decorative bushes, you can make a removable flower bed or by installing a lightweight collapsible wire frame on top of the well, planting around the climbing plants. It is possible to put an artificial boulder on top of the hatch, since it is hollow inside, to transfer it to another place if necessary, it will not be difficult.

IlonaP over a year ago

Is it possible to equip a sewer well with your own hands? What rules are used to correctly make a well for sewage?

vasily

over a year ago

The storage well is designed to collect sewage. The order of its manufacture is as follows:

Calculate the size of the well.

Choose the type of well.

Getting Started

Move to the well sewer pipes. Build the walls of the well from brick, concrete or stone. If possible, you can install concrete rings in the pit.

the moderator chose this answer as the best

Kim Chen In

over a year ago

Sewer well is not one thing.

There are a lot of kinds of sewerage wells, and if you add material for the manufacture of sewerage wells, then dozens.

About which concrete well you asked, it is not clear.

I believe that no, in addition to tools, knowledge and experience, calculations are needed.

Before the construction of sewerage, it is necessary to draw up a project, the project must be approved in the Sanitary and Epidemiological Station (Sanepidstan).

The distances are according to SNiP 2 04 03-85 (there is also SanPiN), that is (for example, though we do not know about your ground, or what) the distance from the fence to the well, at least 2 meters, from the basement of the apartment house not less than 15, from the well to the sewer well at least 20 (and again you need to know about your soil all) and so on, there are a lot of positions.

The sewage pipes are laid at the stage of foundation erection, if you did not, then you need a tool (diamond drilling rig) to drill the foundation.

Since we still do not know what kind of a well it is, I describe a well that is usually called a "cesspool".

Here, be careful in the urban area, such structures should be completely hermetic.

In rural areas, equipment of cesspools without a bottom is allowed, but I emphasize once again, one must know everything about the ground.

In our time, rarely anyone "strains" the arrangement of sewerage wells from reinforced concrete rings, or even more so from brick.

More convenient, faster, more durable, there are no problems with sealing and do not need to attract special equipment is the purchase of a storage septic tank (if there is a choice, I advise you to stay on seamless).

The capacity is light, it can be lowered into the foundation pit manually.

Determine the volume on your own, build on the number of people living, the number of plumbing fixtures and the intensity of use of sewerage in general (you can calculate the consumption based on the water meter reading).

Do not forget to arrange the entrance of the sewer machine.

And the stages of the arrangement look like this:

The pit under the septic tank.

From the pit to the trench house, the depth is below freezing ground.

In the trench, the 110th pipe is laid, the slope from the house to the septic tank, the slope is 2 cm per meter of pipe.

At the bottom of the foundation pit is a sand cushion, ramming, if without special equipment, then crushed stone, tamping, screed in the screed "ears".

Screed dried, lowered the septic tank, "anchored", backfilling, warming.

The pipe was brought into the septic tank.

Backfilling of the trench (the pipe can also be insulated, see for yourself).

Sewage should be ventilated, a vertical riser (connected via a tee).

The pipe went into the house, scattered around the house the 50th pipe.

In general, everything, small things a huge amount, this once again emphasizes the possibility of independent work.

This is a complex system.

vasily

over a year ago

An autonomous sewage system on the plot is made if centralized system long away. You can make it yourself, without resorting to the help of builders. The simplest scheme The sewage system consists of one storage well, where the sewage is drained, and the pipelines through which the sewage flows. In some cases this scheme has to be complicated.

If the distance between the storage well and the house is very large, it is necessary to equip the manholes. They are installed after 15 m and are designed to clean the system.

If it is impossible to produce a straight pipeline and there is a need to turn it, a rotary pit is built at the turning point.

If the angle of laying the pipeline is too steep, you need a pit.

A filter well is manufactured if you plan to build a septic tank at the site. It should be located after preliminary water treatment in the first septic tanks.

Each of the types of wells has its own design, dimensions and is mounted according to its instructions.

Consider the technology of manufacturing a storage well for the simplest sewer system with one well.

The storage well is designed to collect sewage. The procedure is as follows:

Determine the location of the well.

He is digging in the lowest part of the site. From the house the pit must be located at a distance of at least 3 m, from the source drinking water - not less than 30 m. A road must be laid to it for the entrance of the sewerage machine.

Calculate the size of the well.

For one person there are 150-200 liters of sewage per day. The well must have a three-day supply of drains from the whole family. If there are 4 people in the family, the minimum volume of the pit is 3 cubic meters. Do not make a well deeper than 3 m, this will complicate its cleaning.

Choose the type of well.

If the groundwater in the area close to the surface, the well is made hermetically sealed with concrete and then covered with waterproofing. Another option is a pit with a ground bottom, through which water leaves on its own.

Getting Started

Pour to the bottom of the pit a crushed rock with a layer of at least 40 cm.

Bring to the well sewer pipes. Build the walls of the well from brick, concrete, stone. If possible, you can install concrete rings in the pit.

Close the lid with the hatch, mount vent pipe. It should protrude over the lid for 60 cm. Cover the lid with earth for thermal insulation, leave the hatch open.

When planning and building private houses, their owners make a lot of effort to improve the comfort of the home. Particular attention is paid to water supply and sewage systems. It is important to properly design them to make the house cozy, and all the needs of the tenants were met. For the operation of the diversion system, it is necessary to build diversified sewerage wells. What are they like? How to make a sewer well with your own hands?

Lookout. They are necessary for free access to communications. Constructions of this type are installed in places where it is particularly important to monitor the condition of sewage systems. These are areas on which pipes of different diameters are connected; where the direction or slope of the pipeline changes. Also, you need to have access to systems on too long straight pipe segments.
Differential. Buildings of this type must be built in areas where there are pipe-level differences. Thanks to a well, the owner of the house can control the rate of progress of drains through the system; equalize the release of the sewage system with the water level, if the treated effluents are discharged into the reservoir. This design is needed if the height of the drop exceeds 300 mm. If it is less, you can do with an inspection well.
Rotary. Thanks to the constructions of this type, it is possible to obtain free access to pipeline sections on which there are bends. In such areas, there is always a high risk of pipe clogging and there is a need for enhanced monitoring.
Filtration. The structures are designed for post-treatment of waste water. They are equipped only in areas with permeable soils - sandy or sandy loamy. Pay attention to the depth of groundwater. Aquifer should be located not less than 1 m below the structure. Otherwise, drains are poorly filtered. An alternative to such structures is underground filtering fields.
Cumulative. Reservoirs of this type are improved cesspools. Their main advantage is environmental safety. The constructions are completely sealed. Accumulating in them, the effluents do not penetrate into the soil and aquifers. Minus - capacity should be regularly pumped out. It is necessary to correctly calculate the volume of the tank, so that you can rarely go to the sewerage service.

Effective sewerage well

Scheme of the construction of a manhole

What materials can I use

To make a sewer well in a private house, you can use concrete, reinforced concrete, wood, plastic. Two best option - build with their own hands of concrete rings or buy and install a plastic construction of industrial production. Plastic structures are factory billets. They are easy to install, but inferior to concrete rings for many characteristics. To make a choice, it is necessary to understand the features of devices of both types.

Plastic sewerage wells

Than good plastic constructions

Until recently, plastic was little used in outdoor sewage systems. The reason is low frost resistance. The structures burst into severe frosts, they began to leak. Now this problem is solved. There are new varieties of polymer materials that can work in the temperature range from +70 to -50 degrees Celsius.

Manufacturers have taken care of the release of models of different diameters, so the owner of the house can only calculate the required volume and choose the product of a suitable size. Plastic blanks are much lighter than concrete rings. To properly make a well for sewage, it is enough to mount a tank. This can be done even alone.

Products made of plastic are absolutely impermeable to water, perfectly withstand the effects of chemicals, do not rust. All this is an absolute plus. But the minuses are enough. The material does not cope with mechanical loads, so it can not withstand the pressure of the soil. Designs should not be installed in places where traffic can pass. In terms of durability, they are much inferior to concrete.

Concrete rings - reliability and durability

If we compare the characteristics of strength, reliability, durability of concrete and plastic structures, the conclusions are obvious. Reservoirs made of concrete rings can serve several decades. In the event of faults, the wells can be repaired. In this plastic can not be compared with concrete.

According to some parameters, the concrete rings are still inferior to plastic. They are much more expensive, but this is not the only drawback. To independently build a sewer well of them, you have to put a lot of effort. The structures are very heavy, they can sink under their own weight. For installation, special tools are required.

When choosing it is important to find products made of high-quality water-resistant material. Also, you will have to spend additional money on good waterproofing of joints. Otherwise, the structure will leak. Contaminated water will flow into the soil, and water can penetrate into the well itself from the surface.

Concrete rings come in different sizes. When calculating the volume of the tank, it is worth considering that the optimal height of the structure is 2.5 m. Wells are often made from products of types KC-10, KC-20. There are rings of non-standard sizes, but with their search can be difficult.

For ease of installation, many products are equipped with a so-called. locks, thanks to which you can install them without displacement. The more precisely the rings are fitted to each other, the more tightly, more durable, more reliable the finished structure is.

Scheme: dimensions of concrete rings

How to make a sewer well yourself

How to make a sewer well? When choosing the type of construction, consider the amount of waste. If their number does not exceed 1 cubic meter. per day, the structure may have an outlet for sewage into the soil. Bacteria living in the ground are quite capable of coping with the processing of a small amount of organic substances.

If the effluent is more than 1 cubic meter. or they contain aggressive chemicals from detergents, washing powders, etc., the design either must be absolutely leakproof or have a system for cleaning contaminated water. In this case, it makes sense to choose a plastic container, and the concrete should be carefully waterproofed.

Often they make structures with a filtering bottom. They are suitable for drains without chemicals. Waste, passing through filters, is cleaned so that with their further decomposition there are no problems. The depth of such a well depends on the permeability of the soil and the level of groundwater. If an inspection, nodal, delta or rotary sewage well is planned, it must be airtight.

Scheme of a well with a filter bottom

Requirements for the installation of wells for sewerage

The size of the structure depends primarily on its purpose. If it is a question of a storage facility, then the more it will be, the less often it will be necessary to call up the sewers. On the other hand, too much sewage can cause an unpleasant smell on the site.

The standard rate, which is used in calculating the volume, is 150-200 liters of water per person per day. However, water consumption is often much higher than these figures. For example, in homes where many plumbing fixtures and household appliances using water are installed, the consumption can be 240-250 liters per day per person.

To determine the desired volume, 200-240 liters (depending on consumption) is multiplied by the number of people living in the house. The result will show the average water discharge by all tenants per day. It should be multiplied by 3. This is the optimal volume of the well. Next, calculate the height of the structure, taking into account the standard size of the rings.

Sewer well layout

Stages of sewerage well construction

Excavation. How to dig a sewer well - in an open or closed way? Since the structure is shallow, the first method is preferable: first, dig a hole of the required depth, and then the rings are assembled into it. Even if the soil is free-flowing, it is not necessary to resort to complex technologies, it is enough to install temporary formwork to strengthen the walls.

The closed method is used less often. In this case, prepare a pit for one ring, install it. Then they continue to remove the soil. The ring gradually descends. When it is at a sufficient depth, the following is mounted on it and continue to work.

The bottom of the structure. First equip the mounting cushion - cover the bottom of the pit with rubble. The layer must be at least 40 cm. The bulk material is compacted, the finished concrete bottom of the structure or the slab is installed from above. If the structure should be completely sealed, then only the bottom of industrial production, made especially for rings of the desired diameter, will do.
Construction of walls. The rings are mounted on a cement-sand mortar. It is important to mount them exactly one on the other. When the solution dries, the seams and joints are waterproofed. The well is connected to the sewage system, the injection points of the pipes are also sealed.
Completion of work. Lastly, a lid with a hatch is installed, it is insulated. Install the vent pipe. It should rise above the ground by at least 60 cm.

Important! Pay special attention to the ventilation system. In the process of decomposition of organic substances, an explosive gas is formed. It is necessary to ensure that it does not accumulate in the reservoir. This can lead to negative consequences.

Stages of making a well from concrete rings

Video: how to make a well for sewerage

How to make a well for sewage and what it should be, each home owner determines for himself. The article gives general recommendations on the arrangement of the structure. If you do not have confidence that you can do everything yourself, contact a specialist. Practically in each district there are companies that are engaged in the design and installation of sewerage systems. In the absence of proper skills, it is better not to experiment and contact such a firm.

To ensure that the foundation of the house is not destroyed due to the influence of moisture contained in the soil, it is mandatory to make a drainage system. To save money, it is recommended to build drainage well for sewerage by one's own hands or ask for help from specialists.

What drainage wells exist?

Drainage wells can be:

rotary;
viewing;
collector;
absorbing.

Features of rotary wells

As a rule, during operation sewage system there are contaminants that often accumulate in perforated pipes. To clean them you will need to install rotary shafts. They are installed on the corners of the pipes, with a pass through one. Thus, access to the supply and discharge pipe section is provided.

Installation of a concrete drainage well

The size of such a structure will depend on whether a person will need access to the well in order to carry out repair activities. Thus, the approximate diameter of the well should be about one meter, only it will already be considered a sighting.

Inspection type of wells

Drainage inspection facilities are made for the purpose of monitoring the operation of the sewage system. This design is distinguished by the large dimensions of the shaft, that is, it must be of sufficient size for easy access of a person who will monitor the condition of the sewage system. If necessary, repair and preventive works will be carried out.

installation of a plastic drainage well

The construction of this type is designed to perform several actions at the same time, it can also be rotary, as it is also installed at the point of convergence of several pipes or at the point of their rotation.

Absorption type of wells

These facilities can also be called filtering, as they are most often installed in areas where there is a need for drainage, and there is no possibility of outputting currents to the common sewerage system. In such cases, the depth of the wells will be approximately two meters.

For the construction of a similar design, it is necessary to observe a certain technology:

first, a pit of the required size is dug out;
a layer of gravel is placed on its bottom and a container is put inside, it can be a pipe 50 cm in diameter;
when this pipe is installed, broken brick, gravel, slag or gravel of a small fraction fall into it;
around this filled structure make gravel;
thus, a good and qualitative drainage tank is obtained. From above it must be covered with geotextile and lay a layer of earth. As a result of these actions, a structure is obtained, through which a natural drainage of waste water into the ground is carried out.

principle of operation of a sink drainage well

Manifold wells

Such structures can also be called water intake, as this is the last compartment of the closed drainage system. In this well there is a collection and accumulation of water, which in the future will be pumped to a previously prepared deepening, ditch or artificial pond.

installation and selection of a collector well

Typically, these containers are constructed from finished sealed plastic wells that are equipped with a waterproof bottom.

What materials may be needed for the installation of the drainage structure?

Like pipes, drainage wells can differ in material and size. Most often, plastic or concrete is used for the production of such structures:

for the implementation of the second option apply concrete rings , the height and diameter of which can be different. Installation of the structure is carried out in a previously prepared pit, with the rings lowered neatly with the help of special equipment. In this case, the main advantage will be the strength and durability of the structure, and the disadvantage is the laboriousness of the installation work;
now plastic analogues are successfully replacing concrete wellsbecause they are easier and faster to mount. Also, the advantages include low cost, low weight and the availability of all required taps. Plastic drainage wells are not exposed to corrosive damage and can successfully last at least 50 years. For a quality and reliable supply of pipes use rubber seals, which remain tight for decades. Since the use of a corrugated tube is envisaged, the device will be securely anchored in the ground because of its ribs.

How to build a drainage tank?

Drainage structures in finished form for the construction of the well are convenient for installation, reliability and good quality. The main drawback of ready-made wells is their high cost, in particular, it concerns products with a diameter of 800-1000 mm. To save money, you can build such a structure yourself.

drainage tank construction

To manufacture a drainage structure it is required to acquire corrugated pipes of the appropriate diameter:

for the construction of inspection wells, the diameter of the pipes is 340 mm or 460 mm, this is enough to ensure that the sewage system is cleaned manually by means of the water pressure from the hose;
to make a storage or filter reservoir, pipes with a diameter of 575 or 695 mm are required;
if there is a need to periodically enter the well for repair and maintenance work, buy pipes with a diameter of 925 mm.

In addition to plastic corrugated pipes, you also need to buy rubber seals of suitable diameter, a hatch and plastic for the bottom device.

In order to save, you can buy components separately.

During the assembly and installation of the storage facility, a certain sequence should be observed:

in the well, holes are opened for piping and installing rubber seals;
the bottom of the well is mounted. Experts recommend that the bottom of the structure be treated with bituminous mastic, so the bottom of the well will be protected from leaks;
using rubble and sand, you need to make a base in the drainage ditch, after which it is poured with cement;
a ready-made structure is installed on the prepared bottom. To prevent the risk of leakage of the structure, it is recommended to cover the places of drainage pipes with bitumen mastic;
the reservoir is filled with crushed stone and sand, after which the base is tilled and laid for the hatch. The hatch is placed in a pre-prepared frame of cement.

The presence of a hatch is a prerequisite, as it is necessary for cleaning the drainage system. The service life of a structure directly depends on the correct manufacture and installation of the well.

Step-by-step construction of a well

When all the materials have already been purchased and prepared, you can proceed with the installation work:

First, the pipe must be cut lengthwise, taking into account the depth of the drainage well.
You need to cut out the holes for the pipes, retreating 50 cm from the bottom edge of the pipe. In these holes rubber cuffs are inserted.
The bottom of the well is fixed, and the place of joining must be treated with a sealing compound on a bituminous basis.
For the installation of the well, it is necessary to prepare the foundation pit in advance, to which cement mortar is poured on the bottom.
The construction can be installed only after the cement has completely solidified, after which drain pipes are brought to it.
The space formed between the walls of the excavation and the structure, it is necessary to fill it with sand with gravel.
A hatch is placed on top of the installed tank.

Features of mounting of plastic wells

As a rule, ready plastic constructions are not cheap, so you can not save much. The only thing that can be done is to buy individual elements of the necessary size and diameter independently. So, you need to prepare:

corrugated pipe of appropriate diameter;
plastic for the bottom device;
seals made of rubber. To install a collecting or filtration well, a pipe with a diameter of 695 or 575 mm is required.

During the installation of the drainage well itself, it is important to adhere to a certain algorithm:

the corrugated pipe must be cut, taking into account the depth of the well. Next, it requires making holes for connecting perforated pipes, which are connected using rubber seals;
digging out a ditch, to the bottom of which lies a layer of gravel with sand. After that, the building is poured with cement mortar and is covered with geotextile material;
the next stage establishes a bottom, which is connected to the pipe, while the connecting place needs to be treated with bituminous mastic;
now it is possible to make draining pipes to the structure, and joints should also be smeared with a sealing compound;
it is necessary to install a pump that will pump out the collecting water;
the formed voids around the well must be filled with fine-grained rubble;
at the last stage of the work the roof is mounted.

Let's sum up

A necessary part of the drainage system is the drainage tank. It is installed for the purpose of monitoring the operation of the entire system, also it is necessary to perform repair and preventive measures.

To simplify the process of installing the structure, you can buy a finished product that will cost a lot, but if it is not possible, you can build it yourself. For this, pipes made of plastic or a ring of concrete of the required diameter are used.

In fact, building a drainage structure is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. It is enough to buy the necessary set of parts and adhere to a certain algorithm of actions.