At what depth is drinking water. How well depth is determined

The allowed depth of the well for water is regulated by five meters. This is indicated in the relevant subsoil law (19 points), and the first aquifer is clearly marked from the surface of the earth. In practice, problems do not arise when drilling in a sandy aquifer with a depth of 20-25 m for the subsequent use of water for any needs of the owner / tenant of the site.

A sufficient depth for drilling a well into water is regulated by five meters.

The well reaches a calcareous, gravel or sandy horizon to a depth of 20-25 m, within the permitted 5 m from the surface, a caisson is installed to maintain the wellhead, pumping equipment, casing.

Variety of aquifers

The depth with which water is withdrawn is significantly different in wells, wells. Aquifers are separated in the bowels of waterproof layers. In view of the small size of the sites on which it is necessary to create sources of water intake, geological exploration is a prerequisite. Artesian aquifer is guaranteed to be present on any farmstead. However, it can lie within 40-100 m, which significantly increases the construction budget.

Exploratory drilling allows you to identify less buried groundwater, high water, from which the liquid for watering the site, washing, cooking is extracted deep or surface pumps. People's methods of detection of formation water do not give 100% guarantee, which is fraught with the production of dry wells, useless for the user. The only purpose of vapors made in the ground can be the placement of heat pumps in them, while the problem of the source remains open.

Wells with water withdrawal from perchage (2-5 m from the surface) are a budget option for an autonomous water pipe. For the use of mineral resources in this case, do not have to pay, water can be used only for irrigation, washing. To use it for food, you will need to install a water treatment system - filtration, chemical treatment.

A well of this type is usually operated for 5-7 years, after which a new source is needed. In addition, perchage plants have low production rates, seasonal drying may occur, and aquifer level may change. The aquifer   is not always present on the site, in the presence of such a source, neighbors always have a risk of lack of water at the drilling site.

The sandy well reaches a depth of 10-25 m, has a higher resource, limited in practice by 12-15 years. A sandy well is characterized by a rational combination of construction budget, water quality. Samples are compulsorily handed over to the laboratory for a qualitative choice of water treatment systems. Indicators "transparent", "tasty" water is not a guarantee of the absence of harmful impurities in the liquid.

A sandy well also guarantees no payment for subsoil use, no installation of a meter is required. And for 100% of drilling for water, geological exploration is required, for which you will have to pay in any case. If there is no sandy aquifer in the spot, the customer will have to drill an artesian source.

The depth of an artesian well is usually limited to 100-200 m, depending on the region, the structure of the subsoil. Exploratory drilling is not used in this case, as the water on the site will be guaranteed, but the budget for the construction can not be planned. Payment is made after the fact, depending on the depth of occurrence.

Specificity of using sources of autonomous water supply

The depth of the well is the main indicator of subsoil use. When choosing a specialized company, the customer receives along with the well a package of documentation, which includes a passport. This document specifies the characteristics of the source of water abstraction:

If a special company was engaged in drilling a well, then in the end it should provide you with a passport for the well.

• depth of drilling - allows you to determine the need for payment for the use of subsoil;
• hour flow rate - the determining parameter when choosing a pump, only the renewable volume is taken into account;
• level - static, dynamic;
• design - number of casing strings, type of filter on the face;
• address - the specific location of the source;
• contractor - the organization that carried out the work.

With this information, the wells have a warranty period for water, they can be serviced qualitatively. When checking by the relevant bodies for control over the use of mineral resources, the owner of the site / cottage will be able to confirm that the current legislation is not violated.

The permitted depth is the main parameter for saving operating costs. Therefore, the passport for the well should be present when using an autonomous water supply system.

Optimal depth of the bottom provides a stable production rate in accordance with the daily need of the family in drinking water, reducing the budget for construction, operation.

Registration permission for the use of mineral resources when drilling an artesian source is used only for individual cottages. The practice of similar design for garden / dacha sites in Russia is absent.

Admissible standards for the well in practice are not available, because the use of artesian strata in these structures is unrealistic due to excessive depth. Water enters the well, from perchage or from a sandy layer, so it is always free for the owner. Only electric power necessary for the extraction of liquid for pumping equipment is paid.

The need for water on the land is not discussed, it should be wherever there is life, especially if the dacha is used for planting vegetables and fruits. That is why it is very important to host not just a crane, which will supply water on a schedule, under which it is necessary to adjust, but a full well with a pump. In this article, you will learn what depth depth is required without permission and by law.

How to start

So, you have acquired a very nice piece of land with beautiful views of the surrounding area and an excellent ground for planting crops and fruit trees. The only drawback of your acquisition was a tangible distance from the central water supply.

No one will dispute the importance of water for the life of everything on earth:

• The person.
• The plants.
• Animals.

In principle, nothing is impossible.

However, on the way of water supply to the site from the central water supply, you will find many obstacles:

• The connection to the water pipe with the laying of kilometer pipelines turns into a very laborious and quite slow process.
• The total price for the whole complex of works and materials plus the design and design will quite significantly impact your finances.

Drilling and determination of the required depth of well

In this case, landowners take the only right decision - drilling or in the area of ​​easy and unhindered access. If you are not ready to carry out this task with your own hands, then you will have to turn to specialists.

In any case, in the drilling business, regardless of the way the work is done, the very first and, of course, the pricing factor is the question of how deep a well should be slaughtered.

There are several points that you should pay attention to.

Here, actually, two of them, which will give an answer to the question - how to determine the depth of the well:

• The geology of your site.

• Type and depth of occurrence groundwater.

The groundwater

Consider four main types of groundwater:

1. First   - perchage, occurs at a shallow depth of 3.5-4 m.

This upper aquifer layer is filled with rain and meltwater, and in this connection it is typical:

• High degree of contamination, as it actually removes all dirt from the soil surface and, seeping through the upper layers of the soil, is more likely to be contaminated than purified by filtration.

• Almost complete disappearance in the dry season and in frosts. Without constant filling, some of the water from the vagina penetrates deeper, and some dries.

1. Second   - Groundwater, are, as a rule, at a depth of about 10 m. A distinctive feature of groundwater is the presence under the layer of water of a powerful hydroelectric reservoir. Its role can be made by clay or stony interlayers, which prevent water from seeping into the lower lying layers, which ensures the filling of the groundwater table even during periods of drought.

Groundwater, lying at a depth of 8-10 m is already quite clean, filtered in transit through layers of various soils.

For your information! Between perchage and groundwater, as well as other types of groundwater, there may be several intermediate water layers. A layer of groundwater may not be continuous, with discontinuities, and in this case, inevitably seepage into the water layers located below.

1. The third   - interplastic waters, are usually located at depths in the range from 10 to 100 m. The very name of this type of water suggests that they lie between two water-resistant layers of soil. The upper waterproof layer can have a low degree of permeability, which provides additional replenishment of interplastic waters due to seepage from the two upper water layers.
2. Fourth   - artesian water, lie just below 100 m from the surface of the earth. However, in some cases can occur and at 50 meters depth. For extraction artesian water   beats deep well. Naturally, this is the purest water.

The instruction on how to know the depth of the well, which you need to drill, is simple - what water quality do you want to get out of this layer and drill.

Advice! The quality and continuity of the water supply is influenced by the depth of submergence of the pump in the well. There are two obligatory rules: first, water must flow into the pump by gravity, i.e. The pump is immersed no less than 1 meter from the dynamic level. Secondly, the pump must always be in the water for uninterrupted cooling.

Exploration drilling

Now about how to test the depth of a well in a specific area. In order to ascertain this magnitude, reconnaissance work is carried out, i.e. trial drilling.

The most safe way to measure the depth of a well is to maintain a detailed drilling log which states:

• The occurrence of soils of different groups.
• Depth aquifers.
• Degree of absorption of recycled water.
• Depth of soil washout.

Resolving issues

Another issue that will have to face is the need for permission to drill. According to the law on subsoil in relation to water extraction, land owners, without special agreement, have the right to drill and exploit the well within the area to the depth of the first aquifer.

And, if this applies to you, then boldly start work. If the source of water is supposed to be located outside your land, then you will have to negotiate and look for those who are responsible for the area adjacent to you.

Conclusion

There is nothing difficult in the "analysis" of soil and drilling, this issue can be solved in two ways. The first one is special equipment, when a well with a depth of more than 15 meters is required. The second one is independent, when by a rented drill you are making a well by yourself to the level of groundwater, so to say, it will go for irrigation (

And the productivity, the life of the well, and even the quality of the water in it depend on the location of the source. Therefore, as well as, most importantly, where to drill a well - it is necessary to determine in advance. Otherwise, there is a risk of obtaining a muddy suspension instead of drinking water, which is unsuitable even for technical use.

And in this article, we will tell you how to find the ideal location for a well on the site, supplementing this information with a description of the nuances of the process of arranging the source of water for a country house.

Choosing a place for a well, it is worth to listen to the opinion of epidemiologists, surveyors, architects and designers. And one part of the mentioned experts will tell about the limitations, and the second - will give specific advice on the choice of the location of the well. And you will have to listen to both, and to other "advisors".

Where not?

If you listen to health standards   and the rules set out in Resolution 2.1.4.1110-02, the best place for the well is the point removed by 30-50 meters and from the sewer septic tank and the well of your neighbors. Well, what can I say? With SanPiN do not argue! And you will have to retreat from potentially dangerous areas of pollution sources, at least 25-30 meters.

Do you want to place a well or a well in a more convenient place, for example, in the basement? Then you have to order test drilling and take samples to the laboratory. If epidemiologists do not have any claims to the quality of the soil, and your soil has a high filtering ability, then the well can be mounted in the place of test burial.

If there is a claim, then deep drilling to the third and subsequent aquifer will help you. And the walls of such a deep mine will have to be strengthened with casing pipes with screw fixing of joints under the seal. Yes, such a "pipeline" will cost more than the usual assembly "in the socket", but from the likely breakthrough of groundwater in the mine will save only such a system of reinforcement of the well.

Well, the designers of foundations categorically do not recommend to equip the well in a three-meter zone, measured from the outer boundaries of the base. And they are right - a closer neighborhood will affect the performance characteristics of the foundation is not the best way.

Where it is possible and necessary?

So, with prohibitions everything is clear: 25 meters from neighbors, 50 meters from cesspool, 3 meters from the foundation and away from the hollow. But such a description falls on the area of ​​most of the land allotment! And where to drill a well on the site, it's still not clear.

Calm down! The right place is even easier to define than the boundaries of zones that are unsuitable for drilling. Climb the stairs or the second floor (or find satellite maps on the Internet), mentally connect the straight line wells and wells of your neighbors. "Spend" this line through your site (underground streams and rivers flow exactly in this direction). Select the most convenient position on this line.

In addition, the location under the well can be determined in the process of test drilling, fitting test wells in the most attractive places of the site.

Which well is better to drill?

Of course, vertical, artesian type. Such a well will last longer than an inclined well and will provide the house with the best quality water. True, such wells are obtained as a result of not every drilling.

Therefore, be patient and do not hurry to agree to the first "working" well, buried up to the level of the vadose or the second aquifer. Believe me, all the costs invested in an artesian source will pay off for a long period of operation of such a well. A budget option with dipping to vypodokovka, silting after 2-3 years.

How do you understand the artesian wells or not? Everything is simple - an artesian well necessarily "gushes", at least in the first hours after the "puncture" of the soil. And this effect can not be overlooked.

In addition, do not be too lazy (or do not regret money) and equip your well with a caisson - a special well that protects the source from possible penetration of groundwater. It is worth such a "fuse is not expensive - it's going from cheap concrete rings, mounted on the same slab, and sprinkled (from the outside) with a sand-gravel mixture. In a word, this is the usual part of the drainage system, only protecting not the foundation, but the well head.

How deep should I drill a well?

The answer to the above question forces us to give concrete recommendations regarding the depth of the well. For obvious reasons, we refuse from 5-10 meters of mines penetrating to the perch and the first aquifer. But even the 100-meter shafts are not interesting to us - they are very expensive. It is cheaper to buy a good filtration system.

As a result, we are interested in mines with a depth of 25 to 50 meters. Why? Well, firstly, because such a well can be drilled with a mobile installation and reinforced with 2-4 casing pipes, 12 meters long. Secondly, at depths of more than 25 meters there are not only aquifers but also underground sources of artesian type. And, thirdly, a 25-meter layer of soil with clay lenses and sandy horizons is the best natural filter, and only clean water accumulates at a mark of 50 meters.

Therefore, boreholes with a depth of 25 to 50 meters are an optimal solution from the point of view of the project estimate, and from the standpoint of water quality. Therefore, it is recommended to go to deeper horizons only if there is a special need (an attempt to pierce quicksand, search for an artesian layer, the exit from which functions nearby, and so on).

When is it better to drill a well?

In the winter? In summer? In the spring? In the autumn? Each time of the year promises its advantages and promises its own challenges. Therefore, we will consider each season separately.

Winter drilling

In winter, drilling is hampered by the need to open the frozen layer of soil. However, at the same time, this time of year promises the following advantages: there is no risk of penetration of groundwater into the mine, the possibility of using heavy drilling equipment in the process, without the risk of damage to the soil cover. In addition, the groundwater level is stabilized in winter and the risk of collapse of the mine walls is minimized.

Spring work

With the spring everything is simple.

Spring can not be drilled:

• Firstly, mudslides - the technique simply does not approach the point, having got stuck in the mud.
• Secondly, flooding and a high level of groundwater.
• Thirdly, the soil itself, which is like a slime and categorically refuses to "hold" the walls of the mine.

Therefore in the spring it is possible to be engaged in equipping the pipeline from the "winter" well to the house. Frosts gradually go away, the light day increases, and miscalculations in the heat insulation of the water pipe no longer lead to a complete "freeze" of the water supply system.

Summer drilling

Summer is, perhaps, best time   for drilling. Comfortable temperature, dry land, stabilized groundwater table, easy search for an aquifer. But the summer has one drawback - at this time of year all the drill crews are already occupied.   Therefore, planning the arrangement of the well in the summer, you need to register in the queue in the winter-spring.

Autumn work

The first months of autumn are no worse than summer. And relatively small mines, up to 25 meters deep, can be drilled to the coldest. If you do not have time to finish the full cycle, then you have enough time for primary penetration, below the freezing level of the soil, in any case. Well, you can finish the final part in the winter.