A security zone of utilities that can be built. Security zone of heating networks: how many meters is to be protected

Today, as never before, the issue of environmental protection becomes urgent and vital. As the heroine of a well-known comedy film said, "one must be protected from a person". Nature also needs protection from the results of people's activities. A special place in a number of natural resources is taken by water.

Water objects under special protection

Water is the basis of human life, it feeds the earth, plants, fruits and seeds; without it, no life on Earth is unthinkable. That is why water resources and facilities are taken under state protection, and special regulatory regulation is established for them.

All sources and objects of water supply, water supply are subject to protection. Secured territory  is provided as one of the guarantees of clean superficial and the purpose of state protection in this area is not only to prevent pollution of water sources, but also to preserve the purity, natural chemical composition of water, ensure the safety of domestic and industrial water consumption.

Special legislation

The law provides for the protection of water resources at all levels, starting with the Water Code, the profile of the law on drinking water and finishing by subordinate legal acts: Instructions for use of water and sewerage systems in the settlements, the state urban development rules 1992 and other acts of the executive branch.

Special normative act  in this area are the Sanitary norms and rules for the protection of sources of water supply and water pipes for drinking purposes. SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02 ", approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor Russian Federation  February 26, 2002

Protection is inextricably linked to land legal relations, because water resources are inseparable from soil and soils of different depths of occurrence. The water pipeline, whose security zone passes through the land, becomes an integral part of it: this relationship with the land is the basis for the qualification of unlawful acts in this area and the appointment of a measure of responsibility.

The Basic Law also provides for the citizen's right to a safe environment, which the state must guarantee.

What is the water and sewage protection zones

Each structure must be pre-engineered. When constructing sketches of any objects - pipelines, treatment plants, buildings, houses and other structures - a guard zone of the water supply system is necessarily provided. How many meters it makes depends on the quality of the soil. The security zone is a normally established distance from a water body to the nearest structure and is designed to ensure sanitary and epidemiological safety of water pipelines.

Project Zones health protection  is coordinated with the sanitary epidemiological service and includes:

• demarcation of belts health zone;
• list of engineering measures for the improvement of the territory;
• a description of the special regime in each band.

Protected areas are prohibited from storing materials, installing equipment, constructing any structures, including temporary ones: any such action can not only pollute water bodies, but also create an additional load on the pipelines. Such unauthorized structures hamper the free access of operating organizations, which are obliged to eliminate accidents on the networks and repair the water supply.

The security zone implies the restriction of any economic activity, including construction: placement of facilities with violation of sanitary zones projects is prohibited.

The guard zone of the SNIP pipeline - and the rules is installed.

Belts of sanitary protection

The entire security zone of the object is divided into several bands:

1. The first strip of strict regime - a circle, including water intake and a site of waterworks. Here you can not discharge sewage, swim, graze cattle, fish, arrange berths, place buildings, apply any fertilizers, lay pipelines, extract minerals.
2. The second and third zones of restrictions and observations are the territory reserved for the protection of water bodies and water supply sources. In the second zone, warehouses of petroleum products, fertilizers and other hazardous objects, posing a threat of chemical water pollution, are not allowed; You can not plow the land, drain swamps, and pollute the plots with waste.
3. In the third zone it is also forbidden to store solid wastes, develop subsoil, drain sewage that does not comply with sanitary norms and rules.

What is the width of the guard area of ​​the aqueduct?

If the water pipe passes through undeveloped areas, the width of the protective strip depends on the quality of the soils and the diameter of the pipeline:

• in dry soils - 10 m with a diameter of up to 1000 mm and 20 m for large pipe sizes;
• in wet soils - not less than 50 m.

The plumbing, whose security zone passes in the construction sectors, can carry an additional environmental and production load. The protective zone of the water supply in the areas of development can be reduced in agreement with the SES authorities.

Legislatively set the mandatory minimum, which can not be reduced under any circumstances:

• from the foundation of buildings and structures - not less than 5 m;
• from the foundations of fences, overpasses, supports - not less than 3 m;
• from the street - at least 2 m;
• from the air supports - from 1 to 3 m, depending on the power of the network.

Thus, the security zones of the water supply and sewage system vary in width, depending on external factors.

Responsibility for violation of security zones

For the placement of buildings, items, materials in the water protection zones, there are various sanctions:

• material - in the form of compensation for damage caused by unauthorized construction, storage of materials, objects, garbage closer than 5 m to the water pipe axis;
• administrative - in the form of a fine for violation of building codes and regulations during construction, including for the erection of objects without an approved project or with violation of security zones;
• criminal - in the form of imprisonment for self-seizure of a land plot located in zones of sanitary protection.

Guard zones - a guarantee of protection of water from pollution. Their observance is obligatory for all participants of public and economic relations, not only public, but also private.

One of these days faced such question. One company wanted to build a shopping center on its own land. Not far from the border of the site is the waterway of the 1st lift of the western water treatment station of the Moscow water supply system. The station itself is in the Peredelkino district and feeds the south-west and south of Moscow. Moreover, it is not one water conduit, but several pipes, with a diameter of 1.4 to 2 meters going in a general direction to the north-south. I myself once saw, in Romashkovo district one of these pipes came out to the surface, was cut off and inside could be walked in or knocked with a sledge hammer on the pipe wall. The Western water treatment plant feeds Moscow with water from the Moskva River. The source of water for her is shallow.

Reasonably believing that such a serious object should have security or sanitary protection zones began to dig further, in order to know what restrictions the presence of such an object imposes on the site and future construction. And that's what happened.

In 1971, the Resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers approved the sanitary protection zones of the western waterworks  and sources feeding it. According to this document, at the water conduit appeared the 1st zone of the ZSO with a width of at least 10 meters from the axis of the water conduits in both directions. And the 2nd belt is 40 meters wide from the boundaries of the 1st zone in both directions. That is 50 meters from the axis of the water lines.

In 1980, due to the fact that in the late '70s to the Moscow water supply system attached new reservoir, the joint decision Mosgaard and Mosoblispolkoma approved the project of sanitary protection zones, which is part of the conduit of the 1st and 2nd lifts repeated what was in 1971.

In 1984, SNiPs were issued, according to which sanitary-protective strips are installed for water pipelines. The width is not less than 10 meters for a pipe with a diameter of 1 meter, not less than 20 meters for pipes with a diameter of more than a meter. For water lines in wet soils, not less than 50 meters, regardless of diameter. Wet grounds are soils located below the level of ground water, and slightly higher than them for of different types  soils. At the same time, within the sanitary protection zone there should be no sources of contamination of soils and groundwater (latrines, garbage pits, manure storages, garbage receptors, etc.). Our water pipe lies above the groundwater table, in places even in a bulk breastwork. According to topography, its diameter (closest to our pipe) is 2000 mm.

In 1995 SanPiNs came out in the sanitary-protective zones of sources of drinking water supply. According to them at the waterways there is a sanitary protection strip (it also provides sanitary protection of the water canal). The parameters of which are identical to those in SNiPe 84. 10.20 and 50 meters. The requirements for activities within the NWFP are the same as they were in the year 84.

In 2002, replacing the previous SanPiNs, new ones are adopted, the 1995 rules become invalid. According to their parameters, the FFP parameters are repeated. 10,20,50 meters and the absence of sources of pollution of soils and groundwater.

Thus, according to the current sanitary norms and regulations, we have 20 meters from the edge of the water main (sanitary-protective strip), within which there are restrictions on building. There are no restrictions for this band. At the same time, we have an unaltered 1980 document on which 10 meters from the water conduit is the 1st zone of the sanitary protection zone and 40 meters from the first is the 2nd belt.

In general, the objects of this farm can be divided into the following classes:

Water intake. Pond, well and etc. He has 3 belts of sanochran zones.

Waterworks. Capacities, filters, towers, sedimentation tanks, chlorine and ammonia warehouses, etc. They can be located outside the water intakes and their security zones and they in turn have only the 1st zone of the ZSO.

Water lines. They have a sanitary-protective strip.

So we have two options, consider the worst. The decision of the executive committees for the 80th year is valid and part of our site falls into the 2nd ZSO zone. The second belt can be at the surface or underground source of water supply. Considering that our water conduit belongs to the Western Station, and that in turn feeds from the Moscow River basin, our source is superficial. And restrictions to the use of the site are described in detail here:

Sanitary rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02

3.3. ACTIVITIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE ZSO SURFACE SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY '

3.3.1. Activities for the first belt

3.3.1.1. On the territory of the first zone of the SOS of the surface water supply source, the measures specified in 3.2.1.2, 3.2.1.2, 3.2.1.3.

* The aim of the measures is to minimize the microbial and chemical contamination of water sources of water supply, which, with modern processing technology, ensures the production of drinking water.

3.3.1.2. It is not allowed to discharge any sewage, incl. sewage of water transport, as well as bathing, washing clothes, watering cattle and other types of water use, affecting the quality of water.

The water area of ​​the first belt is protected by buoys and other warning signs. On navigable reservoirs above the water intake, buoys with lighting should be installed.

3.3.2. Activities for the second and third belts of the ZSO

3.3.2.1. Identification of objects polluting the sources of water supply, with the development of specific water protection measures, provided by sources of financing, contractors and coordinated with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Center.

3.3.2.2. Regulation of the allocation of territory for the new construction of residential, industrial and agricultural facilities, as well as the harmonization of technology changes in existing enterprises associated with increasing the risk of contamination by sewage water supply.

3.3.2.3. Prevention of wastewater disposal in the catchment area of ​​the source of water supply, including its inflows that do not meet the hygienic requirements for protection surface waters.

3.3.2.4. All works, incl. extraction of sand, gravel, donnouglubitelnye within waters BPC allowed in agreement with the center of Sanitary-epidemiological surveillance only priobosnovanii hydrological calculations absence of deterioration of water quality in the alignment intake.

3.3.2.5. The use of chemical methods for controlling eutrophication of water bodies is allowed provided that preparations that have a positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation are used.

3.3.2.6. In the presence of navigation, it is necessary to equip ships, landing stages and firewalls with devices for collection of fan and sub-water and solid waste; Equipment on the docks of drain stations and receivers for the collection of solid waste.

3.3.3. Activities for the second belt

In addition to the activities specified in section 3.3.2, within the second zone of the SOS of surface water sources, the activities of paragraphs 3.2.2.4, paragraph 1, 3.2.3.1, 3.2.3.2, and the following are subject to implementation.

3.3.3.1. There is no logging of the main use and reconstruction forests, as well as the fixing of standing timber and the logging fund for long-term use for logging enterprises. Only logging and sanitary felling of the forest are allowed.

3.3.3.2. Prohibition of the location of camps and grazing, as well as any other use of a reservoir and land, forest land within a coastal strip of at least 500 m width, which can lead to deterioration in quality or a decrease in the amount of water from the source of water supply.

3.3.3.3. The use of water sources within the second zone of SOS for bathing, hiking, water sports and fishing is allowed in established places, provided that hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters, as well as hygienic requirements for recreational areas of water bodies, are observed.

3.3.3.4. Within the boundaries of the second zone of the sanitary protection zone, the discharge of industrial, agricultural, urban and storm sewage is prohibited, the content of which in chemical substances and microorganisms exceeds the hygienic standards of water quality established by sanitary regulations.

3.3.3.5. The boundaries of the second zone of the ZSO at the intersection of roads, hiking trails, etc. are designated by posts with special signs (annex 2).

3.4. ACTIVITIES IN THE SANITARY AND PROTECTIVE BAND OF WATERS

3.4.1. There should be no sources of contamination of soil and groundwater within the sanitary protection zone of water lines.

3.4.2. It is not allowed to lay water conduits in the territory of landfills, wastewater fields, filtration fields, irrigation fields, cemeteries, cattle cemeteries, as well as laying of main water conduits in the territory of industrial and agricultural enterprises.

Build, in general, you can.

To further clarify the issue, we turned to the local water canal, where we were told that the object was secret. What is clear is water for the capital. And recommended to contact the Mosvodokanal. Which we did, but there is no answer yet.

The second way, we turned to the local Rospotrebnadzor for help, but have not received a reply yet.

In the cadastre, there are different information that landowners put in there since the 1990s. Trust this information is not necessary. They sometimes contradict each other.

Received data from 15.10.2014. "Sanitary-protective strip, in the end, was 10 meters, according to the official response of Rospotrebnadzor." Because the water flows on it unpeeled.

Forbidden zone - this inscription on the plate met, perhaps, everyone. But not everyone knows that such a territory is not only private property and nature protection zones, but also the area around the canal. And the point here is not that the work carried out here can harm communications. The security zone of the canalization is necessary first of all in order not to harm the health of a person and not to damage the environment. This is exactly what will be discussed in this article.

Any sewage  carry a potential danger to the environment and human health. This is due to impurities, which contain a large number of pathogens and microorganisms. To minimize these risks, around any facility associated with sewage system  , a protected area should be allocated.

In such territories, according to current rules and regulations  , certain actions should be limited. For example, in a protected area it is forbidden:

• Plant trees and other large green plantations.
• To conduct excavations (dig holes and trenches). Of course, this rule does not apply to the organization's sewerage services.
• You can not arrange warehouses and store any values ​​(building materials, fuel, and even more food).
• It is not allowed to build any structures, especially residential buildings.
• It is impossible to carry out any work with the use of impact mechanisms, closer than 15 m from sewage facilities.
• It is forbidden to change the level of the ground, the construction of dams, embankments, roads, etc. There are rules according to which at a distance closer than 20 m from the current sewage collector  it is forbidden to lay a subway. Of course, this applies only to large cities, but this requirement indicates the importance for the environment and human health of maintaining integrity sewer pipesinterrogations.
• Also, you can not build anything that might interfere with access to the communications of service companies.

Note! The decision to divert the territory to a protected area is taken by the representative of the relevant authorities. The decision should be communicated through a special resolution. The size and location of such areas can be obtained from local organizations that carry out maintenance of sewerage communications.

The sizes of such areas depend on various factors. Among them are the depth of the laying and the dimensions of the sewage pipes, the features of the terrain and the purpose of communications (domestic or industrial sewerage).

Under the current legislation, organizations that lay underground power lines or a water supply system should designate protection zones. But this rule does not apply to sewage pipelines  . As a result of such non-mating the cases of breakthrough of such communications as a result of carrying out of ground works are much more than in the case of electric lines and water supply.

But there will be no less problems with such a breakthrough. And then it's not even that the organization operating the sewer system will have to spend resources on repairs. The breakthrough of such pipelines threatens to cause great damage to the environment, and, consequently, to the health of people.

Since the installation of a sign about the sewage protection zone is not mandatory, the responsibility for damage to communications will be:

• The organization that services the sewage system, in the absence of a sign.
• The organization that conducted the work, if the sign was installed and ignored. The same goes for private individuals.

Note! According to the current regulations, for violations of the requirements prescribed by the protected zone of the sewer, the perpetrator bears administrative responsibility. But do not think that if you damage the sewer pipe, you face only a fine. If the spillage of sewage drains has brought great harm to the environment, then the punishment will be much stricter.

If you decide to conduct any construction or excavation work, it is better to ask in advance from the sewers of organizations that there are no protected areas in the workplace. You will spend some time "searching for the truth", but you will save yourself from possible large material losses in the form of a fine and compensation for damage.

Sewer system ensures normal life of the settlement. In addition, such communications are potentially dangerous to the health of citizens and the state of the environment. In this regard, when working in a protected area, the following requirements must be met:

• strictly comply with all requirements prescribed in the current regulations and rules;
• when performing any work (allowed by the operating company) in the protected area, ensure all measures to maintain the integrity and safety of sewage pipelines and systems;
• to monitor the safety of all elements of communications;
• provide a free access to the sewer pipe (remove snow, debris, etc.).

Note! If any work is needed in the protected sewerage area, you need to obtain a permit. The approval takes place in the operating company. After completion of all required work, a special commission is invited. She inspects the security zone and gives permission for the delivery of the work performed.

Dimensions of the protected area

In order not to violate the existing legislation and not conduct work or construction in a protected sewerage area, it is worthwhile to know exactly their size. Such information will be useful not only to organizations, but also to individuals.

Note! Many owners of country houses do on their plots autonomous sewerage systems  . According to SNIP (construction norms and rules) and these facilities are subject to the requirements for the protected area. If your neighbor has made an autonomous system, then you can not build a construction near it.

And what are the sizes of such zones? According to the current norms for the pressure sewage system, the protected area must be at least 5 m from each side of the side walls of the pipeline. The same rules apply to gravity systems.

But these requirements of SNIP apply to normal conditions. In some cases, the distance from the pipeline to the end of the protected area can be changed:

• If the ambient air temperature or soil in the region is below the normative values ​​(this applies to the northern regions of our country).
• There is an increased risk of seismic activity. In this case, the zone increases. In the case of earthquakes, there is a high likelihood of a pipeline rupture and the entry of sewage into the environment.
• If the soil is weak or strongly moisturized. In sandy soils or in marshy areas, a breakthrough in sewerage communications can do more harm, as drains can penetrate deeper and farther away from the pipe.

As a rule, if one of these conditions is met according to the characteristics of the terrain, then the protected area is increased by 2 times. In such regions, you can not do anything within 10 m on either side of the walls of the sewer pipe. But in each specific case it is better to learn more precisely from local authorities and pipeline operators.

Note! Precisely such rules apply to the system storm sewage. Despite the fact that such systems are designed to collect conditionally clean run-off from atmospheric precipitation, the norms for them are prescribed the same. The security zone must be at least 5 m on each side of the pipeline.

In addition, the laying of the sewerage system must meet the standards related to water protection zones. Since impurities can cause great harm to the environment, and primarily biological life and the purity of water bodies, it is not allowed to place them near water-protected areas. So, according to the current building codes and regulations, the following distances must be observed:

• from sources groundwater  (well, well, etc.) - not less than 50 m;
• from the shore of a lake, pond or other non-current water body - not less than 100 m;
• from the edge of the water of rivers and streams - at least 250 m.

In addition, it is necessary to pay special attention to the laying of water supply systems in the vicinity of sewerage communications. According to existing regulations, in this case it is necessary to observe certain distances. So, if the cross-section of a pipe of the water supply system does not exceed 1 m, then they can be laid no closer than 10 m from the sewerage lines. In this case it is necessary to take into account the features of the soil.

Note! If the soil is moist or weak, the distance between the water supply and sewerage systems should not be less than 50 m, regardless of the diameter of the pipes used.

When laying a sewer system (including an autonomous, maintenance a private house) in the protection zone of water bodies, it is better to take existing standards with a margin. For example, to retreat from the shore of the lake is not 100 m, but 110. The fact is that very often there are discrepancies between the marking of protected zones of water bodies in kind and their schematic layout.

Video

About the secrets of laying sewer pipes you can find out if you watch the video:

All of us can not but care about the quality of water in the water pipe, which we drink and use for domestic and domestic needs. On the cleanliness should be taken care of at the headworks, where the water is taken, and in water supply networks. Protect from pollution requires not only water intake, the protection zone of the water pipe throughout its length should fully fulfill its function.

For the purpose of environmental protection, a sanitary protection zone (ZSanO) is created around all water supply facilities.

Sanitary-protective zoning involves the formation of 3 belts:

• strict regime - number 1;
• restrictive - number 2;
• observation - №3.

In strict mode, directly protected water intake facilities and the place of water abstraction from accidental or willful harm. The second restrictive belt is designed to protect the source of water from microbial contamination, and the third is needed to monitor the level of chemical contamination.

The source of water is in the strict regime, followed by the belt of restrictions and observations, in which their own rules apply

If the first belt can be outlined manually, operating with a small number of regulatory figures, the second and third belts are determined as a result of complex hydrodynamic calculations by a complicated technique. It is much more convenient to master the computer program AMWELLS, but for now we will consider the general principles of constructing zones of sanitary protection in several versions.

1. For water supply from an open source

Let's say water enters the water pipe from the river - it's an open (or surface) source. The first belt is determined by the location of the water intake facilities (head elements of the water supply system). To them we add 180-200 meters against the current and 90-100 m along the current. The water intake and the adjacent water area are controlled by paramilitary guards, here it is forbidden to find strangers.

Having defined the length, let's find out the width of the coastal strip, which falls into the ZanO. There may be 50 and 200 meters with the seizure of the opposite shore, which depends on the power of the river itself. Along a large and deep channel with an intensive current, no more than 50 m of shore is isolated on both sides. And if the river is small - up to 150 m and over. This includes the width of the two coastal edges and the river itself.

When water intake from a large lake, reservoir, when the opposite shore is very far, in all directions measured 100 m. It turns out the likeness of a circle with such a radius, and some of it passes through the water. The water boundary of the zone is marked with buoys and buoys with illumination.

The second belt is the territory that follows immediately after the first belt and is adjacent to it. It is subject to stringent restrictions: plants and industrial production, farmlands, construction, development of beaches and places of mass suburban recreation are prohibited. To know where to place the boundary of the second belt upstream, you need to study the ability of river water to self-purification.

The water intake structure consists of windows-receivers, a suction chamber, pumping station  1 st lift, the service pavilion, which houses the staff, and the survey gallery

On average, the river recycles contamination from 3 to 5 days. During this time, the current of the river should not be able to reach contaminated water to the point of water intake, self-purification should occur earlier. If you translate to a kilometer, then to include in the second belt 20-35 km of the channel for large and 35-60 km for small rivers above the water intake is enough.

And downstream the border will pass at a distance of 250-300 m from the water intake. Here it is required to exclude the reverse movement of water against the current due to wind.

The third belt - it includes cities, villages, villages, supplied with water from this source, the territory needs constant monitoring, but there are no such restrictions as in the first and second.

2. For water supply from a subterranean source (well)

In the variant with an underground source, a sanitary protection zone is also needed. For shallow water wells revealing the aquifer sediments, high-security zone encircled a radius of 50 m, and for deep wells reaching the aquifer in indigenous rocks, this figure is less than half - 25 m.

There can not be any superfluous facilities, except the primary pumping station, a water tower, a minimum of auxiliary buildings. Surface and drains must be moved outside the limits, and the very landscape the area, plant trees and shrubs, fencing to enclose, at the same time ensuring unimpeded access special transport with service teams to eliminate possible unexpected problems, the planned measures on the maintenance and repair of equipment.

The second belt is defined in such a way that pollution from outside it can not penetrate underground aquifers and reach water abstraction within a period of 100 to 400 days - a specific figure is calculated based on the laws of hydrodynamics taking into account the characteristics of soils and climatic factors.

The third belt is the zone of active human activity. It is assumed that the movement of pollution from this area towards the water intake will be slow and take longer than the planned life of the well (25-50 years).

Sanitary protection zones are drawn on maps, information on them is published, and the strict mode belt is marked with all kinds of warning signs and signs on the ground, is filled with a solid fence, a grid with barbed wire, etc.

The well is closed with a decorative warm house, the adjacent territory of strict regime is fenced along the perimeter, planted and contained in an ideal order

3. For structures and water lines outside the water intake

Outside the territories related to water intake from sources, there are zones of strict sanitary security around such waterworks:

• spare tanks, filter stations - 30 m;
• water tower - 10 m;
• pump installations, chlorine and reagent warehouses, settling tanks, etc. - 15 m.

Along the water canals, both on the left and on the right, it is necessary to lay sanitary belts. Their width varies from 10 to 50 m and depends on how high the groundwater rises, what is the diameter of the water conduit. If the cross-section of the pipe does not exceed 1 m, a strip of 10 m is sufficient, for a pipe with a diameter of more than 1 m the width of the strip is doubled, and at high groundwater  - up to 50 m regardless of the size of the pipe.

When the water pipeline is laid over already built-up areas, it is allowed to reduce the area of ​​protected areas, if the sanitary-epidemiological service does not object.

What is prohibited in the ZSANO area

The most stringent requirements are imposed on strict regime zones (the first belt). On their territory to be erected buildings and structures, digging trenches or other means to go deep into the ground to store any materials, apply fertilizer, waste, cutting down green plantations, to feed livestock, to engage in fishing and to equip moorings for boats, swimming.

Next to the warning sign are the prohibitory signs indicating that you absolutely can not do in the sanitary protection zone

An extensive list of prohibitions is made for the second guard zone. Construction and blasting operations, driving piles and other activities that create vibration are prohibited. You can not drain sewage, develop the bowels of the earth, cut down forests, place warehouses of pesticides, fertilizers, fuels and lubricants, plow up virgin land, drain swamps.

It is not allowed to allocate space for cattle cattle, silage and manure pits, livestock and poultry complexes, etc. Excluded the use of security territory for living, outdoor activities, sports events. It is forbidden to pull water lines around the landfill, filtration fields, near the cemeteries.

How to lay the sewer system in relation to the water supply system

Accidents on sewer networks are a frequent occurrence, and the reason is not only the natural wear of pipes and systems. Sewerage, like a water pipe, has a security zone, but it is not customary to designate signs and signs. The presence of sewer pipes and their location should be judged by wells, closed with massive metal covers labeled "K" or "GK".

Before starting excavation work in the security sewage system, it is necessary to study plans and schemes engineering communications, receive appropriate advice and advice from specialists.

Otherwise, it is easy to break the sewer pipe with one careless push of the excavator bucket, and who will then calculate the losses and the material costs of the recovery? And if there is a water pipeline nearby, the damage and negative consequences increase many times.

The letters "К" or "ГК" on the cover of the sewerage hatch designate the sewage system or city sewage system respectively, on the cover of the water well it should be written "В"

The security zone of the sewerage network is established in proportion to the cross section of the pipe:

• up to 0,6 m in diameter - not less than 5 meters in both directions;
• from 0,6 to 1,0 m and more - on 10-25 meters.

In consideration it is necessary to take seismological characteristics of the terrain, climate and monthly average temperatures, humidity and freezing of the soil, features of the ground. The presence of adverse factors is an occasion for increasing the security zone.

The distance to sewage networks, located under the ground, from such objects:

• from any foundations the sewerage should be spared for 3-5 meters (for a pressure distance more than for a gravity flow);
• from supporting structures, fences, overpasses the spacing is from 1.5 m to 3.0 m;
• from the railway track - 3,5-4,0 m;
• from the road curb on the carriageway - 2.0 m and 1.5 m (standards for pressure and gravity sewerage);
• from ditches and cuvettes - 1-1.5 m from the near edge;
• street lighting poles, racks of contact nets - 1-1,5 m;
• support of high-voltage power lines - 2,5-3 m.

Reference digits, exact engineering calculations allow us to obtain more valid data. If water and sewer pipes can not be crossed, the water supply must be placed above the sewage system. When this is technically difficult to implement, a casing is put on the sewer pipes.

The space between it and the working tube is densely packed with soil. On loam and clay, the length of the casing is 10 meters, on the sands - 20 meters. Crossing communications for different purposes is better at a right angle.

With a large-scale breakdown of the sewerage, it is necessary to cut off the supply of tap water, so that if not to stop, at least reduce the release of fecal waters outwards

At the opening of water and sewer pipes in connection with the repair, it is allowed to apply the technique in excavation to a certain depth. The last meter of the earth layer above the pipe is removed neatly by hand without using a tool with shock and vibration action.

Strictly forbidden to lay sewage sanitary sewage pipelines, but in the city requirements are less stringent. In urban conditions, when there is a forced parallel arrangement of main water and sewage pipes, it is necessary to withstand the following distances:

• 10 m for pipes up to 1.0 m in diameter;
• 20 m with a pipe diameter of more than 1.0 m;
• 50 m - on wet ground  at any diameter of the pipe.

For thinner pipes of domestic sewerage, the distance to other underground utilities is determined by their standards:

• up to the water supply - from 1,5 to 5,0 m, depending on the material and the diameter of the pipes;
• up to rain drainage systems - 0,4 m;
• before gas mains  - from 1.0 to 5 m;
• to cables laid underground - 0.5 m;
• to the heating plant - 1.0 m.

The last word on how to ensure the safe coexistence of water supply and sanitation is left to the specialists of the water channel enterprises. All controversial issues should be resolved in the design process and do not float at the operational stage.

If you do not control household and industrial wastewater, landfills, the amount of chemical fertilizers and poisons in the fields, water supplies will become unusable

List of normative documents

The compulsory creation of ZASO with a breakdown into the belts is stipulated by the law "On Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" (No. 52FZ, 30.03.99). According to this law, the development of the ZSanO of the water source must be added to the project for the operation of the water pipeline and it should be formalized by a separate project.

The design of ZSANO is based on SanPiN with the code 2.1.4.1110-02. This normative document determines how to calculate sanitary protection zones, and describes the requirements for them from a position of sanitation and epidemiology. Ignoring the rules and norms prescribed in SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02, is fraught with a high probability of outbreaks of serious infectious diseases, mass poisonings, epidemics.

Documents with the abbreviation SNiP will also be useful: 40-03-99 (new version 2.04.03-85), 2.07.01-89 *, 2.07.01-89 *, 2.05.06-85 *, 3.05.04-85 * , 2.04.02-84 (section 10 - Zones of sanitary protection). In building codes and regulations with the above ciphers, you can find the necessary information on the design of water supply and sewerage networks, in the construction of settlements, along trunk pipelines.

The standard of the laying depth of the water supply pipeline is not less than 0.5 m from the upper level of the pipe without taking into account the freezing of the soil in winter. To the left and to the right of the trench there is a withdrawal of land under the sanitary-security strip with a width of 10-20 m

Normative materials - the basis for the development of norms, taking into account the local characteristics of a particular region. Urban and rural administrative authorities are responsible for approving and adjusting the norms for ZSAN.

Responsibility for non-observance of protection rules

Security zones - a kind of guarantee of the purity of water and protecting it from pollution. Compliance with the rules in force in these zones is the responsibility of all economic entities and private individuals. For violation there are such sanctions:

• compensation of damage - the culprit must compensate for the damage caused by unauthorized construction, storage and storage of materials, accumulation of garbage and waste closer than 5 m from the water supply;
• administrative measures, i. fines - for neglect of construction norms, rules, for the erection of buildings and any other construction without a project approved in advance;
• criminal responsibility for land squatting in zones of sanitary protection.

It's silly to justify, as an excuse, that you did not know about the location of the security zones - this does not absolve you from responsibility. Before carrying out any construction, land and other works, you should contact the Vodokanal and see where in your populated area  and the surrounding areas are guard zones, and what actions can not be carried out in the selected location. This is the only way to avoid unpleasant and unexpected consequences.

Those who throw garbage in the water protection zone can not catch at the crime scene, and it only remains to appeal to the conscience and consciousness of all citizens

Since the first belt of the ZSANO should be marked with warning signs, in the case of their absence, responsibility for the order in the guard zone lies with the operating organization, and there is no reason to make claims against those who accidentally invade the forbidden territory. But if there are warnings, to remove the blame for illegal entry into the sanitary zone and the implementation of any actions there the violator can not.

With land swindlers who unauthorizedly seize the plots in the zone of sanitary protection, it is possible to fight only by toughening punishments and shifting from administrative responsibility to criminal

The legislation of the Russian Federation determines the degree of responsibility and punishment for those who violate health standards, requirements. You can read about this in the RF Code "On Administrative Violations" (No. 195FZ, December 30, 2001). In particular, Article 8.13 deals with water bodies and their protection.

Fine for violations in the sanitary protection zones of water pipes and water intakes of an average person can be in the amount of 500 to 1,000 rubles, an official - 1-2 thousand rubles. Penalties for legal entities are from 10 to 20 thousand rubles.

If the zone of sanitary protection of the reservoir, lake, river involved in water supply is damaged, the fines are higher - 1-2 thousand rubles, 3-4 thousand rubles and 30-40 thousand rubles, respectively. Compliance with rules and regulations under the laws of the Russian Federation is strictly checked.

Video about the organization and calculation of security zones

What does the strict security zone look like:

How does the program work for calculating zones of sanitary protection of underground water intakes:

Let's sum up ... Security zones are an important condition in creating water supply systems. And they must fully fulfill their functional purpose, if we want to run from the faucets pure water. When the filtration stations on the water pipes do not cope with the level of contamination, chlorine harmful to health is added to the disinfection water. Is not it better to remember the ecology and not break the order in the sanitary protection zones?

Domestic wastewater poses a risk to water supply sources and the environment. That's why there was such a thing as - security zone of sewage networks. In SNiPe, the dimensions of the protected area and the designation parameters are spelled out. This territory serves not only to protect water and soil, but also to protect the sewage pipeline from damage.

Therefore, in the protected area are prohibited: construction, planting trees and other work. Sometimes you can see a sign with the inscription that there is a security zone, for example an electric cable. In this zone, any type of land works is prohibited.

The security zone of the sewage system, in contrast to the communication cables or electricity, for some reason does not have a visual indication. Perhaps this is a consequence of a shortage of legislators, but the law provides for liability for damage sewage systems (Article 7.7 of the Code of Administrative Offenses) in the form of solid fines. And if damage to the sewer system leads to contamination of the soil or drinking water, it is also possible to establish a criminal case against the culprit of the accident.

General concept - security zone of sewage networks

A security zone is the territory surrounding any communications, in our case. Within this territory it is not necessary to perform such actions as:

• planting of green plantations;
• warehousing of building materials;
• warehousing of garbage;
• earthworks - pits, trenches, etc. ;
• cut or subsoil of soil;
• building;
• unauthorized construction of the roadway, even temporary of concrete slabs;
• blocking free passage to communications.

The border of the protection zone is determined by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and the exact data can be found in the local department responsible for the water disposal.

The size of the guard zone

Knowledge of regulatory requirements will be required when installing a sewage system. Owners of private homes more often perform such work independently, however this does not exempt them from observing the order and regulations regulated in.

In SNiPe general rules and requirements are specified, for definition of more exact borders it is necessary to address in local administration. The security zone of any sewer, whether pressure or gravity, is limited to five meters on each side of the pipeline.

The distance is measured from the sides of the pipe. The rules also specify special conditions under which the size of the guard zones increases to 10 meters in each direction.

Special conditions include:

• seismically hazardous areas;
• regions with low air and soil temperatures;
• areas with wet and weak soils.

Distance to water sources

If the external sewerage pipeline is damaged, the discharged run-off can enter not only the soil, but also water sources. Therefore, SNiP stipulates not only restrictions on the location of sewage systems from roads, buildings, etc., but also at what distance the drainage should be located from rivers, lakes, and water pipes.

Must pass no closer:

1. 250 meters from the rivers;
2. 100 m. From the lake;
3. 50 m from the underground source;
4. 10 meters from the water pipe with a pipe diameter of up to 1 m, with a diameter of more than 20 meters;
5. 50 meters regardless of the diameter, if the soil on the site is too moist.

On a note! To avoid mistakes in determining the security and sanitary sewerage, increase the distance by 10% from the normative.

How not to damage the sewage system

All excavation work must begin with a close inspection of the area. If there are no prohibitory signs around, it is possible to determine the presence of a sewer pipe by the presence of a well on which a hatch with the letter "K" is installed.

Also, do not neglect the appeal to the local administration for the communication plan for those passing in a certain area. To work in the security zone, you must contact the appropriate operating company for written permission. Without such permission, any actions in the sewage system crossing zone are illegal.

Than the violation of rules

Damage to sewer systems occurs more often than water pipes or electric cables. These accidents are not due to inattention, but from the fact that it is not always clear where the pipe was laid. As mentioned above, it's all about defective laws.

After laying an electric or water pipe, the organization responsible for maintenance and operation of these networks must install warning signs. While the installation of warning signs during the laying of the sewage pipeline is not provided.

It turns out that the owner of the sewer is not required to report the presence of a security zone. Therefore, the responsibility for damage to the external sewage system will lie on:

1. operating company - if there were no warning signs;
2. the manufacturer of the works - if there were signs, but they were ignored.

If the network is damaged, the culprit will be brought to administrative responsibility in the form of a fine, and if as a result of the accident the environment is harmed, the penalty will be stricter.

Video: security zone of water supply and sewerage