How does the pumping station work? Pumping station with remote ejector. Self-made ejector manufacturing: process overview

Ejector - what is it? This question often arises in the owners of country houses and villas in the process of building an autonomous water supply system. The source of water supply to such a system is usually a pre-drilled well or well, the liquid of which must not only be raised to the surface, but also transported through a pipeline. To solve such problems, a whole technical complex is used, consisting of a pump, a set of sensors, filters and a water ejector, installed if the liquid from the source needs to be evacuated from a depth exceeding ten meters.

In what cases is an ejector needed?

Before you deal with the issue of what an ejector is, you need to find out why you need a pumping station equipped with it. Essentially, the ejector (or ejector pump) is a device in which the energy of movement of one medium moving at a high speed is transferred to another medium. Thus, in an ejector pumping station   the principle of operation is based on the Bernoulli law: if a reduced pressure of one medium is created in the tapering section of the pipeline, this will cause it to be sucked into the formed flow of another medium and its transfer from the suction point.

It is well known to everyone: the greater the depth of the source, the harder it is to raise water from it to the surface. Typically, if the depth of the source is more than seven meters, then a conventional surface pump already has a hard time fulfilling its functions. Of course, to solve such a problem, you can apply more efficient submersible pump, but it is better to go the other way and purchase an ejector for a pumping station of surface type, greatly improving the characteristics of the equipment used.

By using a pumping station with an ejector, the liquid head in the main pipeline increases, while the energy of the fast flow of the liquid medium flowing along its separate branch is used. Ejectors, as a rule, work in combination with jet pumps - water jet, liquid-mercury, mercury vapor and steam oil.

Especially relevant ejector for the pumping station is in the event that it is necessary to increase the capacity of a station already installed or planned for installation with a surface pump. In such cases, the ejector unit allows to increase the depth of water intake from the reservoir to 20-40 meters.

Overview and operation of a pumping station with an external ejector

Types of ejector devices

By its design and principle of operation, ejector pumps can fall into one of the following categories.

Steam

With the help of such ejector devices, gas media are evacuated from enclosed spaces, and a rarefied air state is maintained. Working on this principle devices have a wide range of applications.

Steam jetting

In such devices, the energy of the vapor jet is used to draw gaseous or liquid media from the enclosed space. The principle of operation of this type of ejector is that the vapor emitted from the nozzle of the installation at high speed carries away the transport medium leaving the annular channel located around the nozzle. Ejector pumping stations of this type are used mainly for the rapid pumping of water from the premises of vessels of various purposes.

Gas

Stations with an ejector of this type, whose operation principle is based on the fact that the compression of a gas medium initially initially under low pressure is due to high-pressure gases, are used in the gas industry. The described process proceeds in the mixing chamber, from where the flow of the pumped medium is directed to the diffuser, where its inhibition occurs, and hence, the pressure increases.

Design features and operating principle

Elements of the design of the remote ejector for the pump are:

• a chamber into which the pumped medium is sucked;
• mixing unit;
• diffuser;
• nozzle, the cross section of which narrows.

How does any ejector work? As stated above, such a device operates according to the Bernoulli principle: if the velocity of the flow of a liquid or gaseous medium increases, a region characterized by low pressure is formed around it, which contributes to the appearance of the rarefaction effect.

So, the principle of operation of a pumping station equipped with an ejector device is as follows:

• The liquid medium, which is pumped by the ejector unit, enters the latter through a nozzle, the cross section of which is smaller than the diameter of the input line.
• Passing into the mixer chamber through a nozzle with decreasing diameter, the flow of the liquid medium acquires a noticeable acceleration, which facilitates the formation of a region with a reduced pressure in such a chamber.
• Due to the effect of rarefaction in the mixer of the ejector, a liquid medium, which is under a higher pressure, is sucked into the chamber.

If you decide to equip the pump station with a device such as an ejector, keep in mind that the pumped liquid medium enters it from the well, not from the well or well, but from the pump. The ejector itself is arranged in such a way that a part of the liquid that has been evacuated from the well or well by means of the pump is returned to the mixer chamber through a converging nozzle. The kinetic energy of the flow of liquid entering the chamber of the ejector mixer through its nozzle is transferred to the mass of the liquid medium sucked by the pump from the well or well, thereby ensuring a constant acceleration of its movement along the input line. A part of the liquid flow pumped by the pumping station with the ejector enters the recirculation pipe, and the rest into the water supply system served by such a station.

Having understood how a pumping station equipped with an ejector works, you will realize that it needs less energy to lift water to the surface and transport it through a pipeline. Thus, not only does the efficiency of the pumping equipment increase, but also the depth with which pumping out of the liquid medium can be increased. In addition, when using an ejector sucking the liquid by itself, the pump is protected from work idle.

The device of a pumping station with an ejector provides for the availability of a crane installed on the recirculation pipe in its equipping. By means of such a crane, which regulates the flow of liquid flowing to the ejector nozzle, it is possible to control the operation of this device.

Types of ejectors in the place of installation

Buying an ejector for equipping a pumping station, keep in mind that such a device can be built-in and external. The device and principle of operation of the ejectors of these two types are practically the same, the differences are only in the place of their installation. Ejectors built-in type can be placed in the inner part of the pump housing, or mounted in close proximity to it. Ejection pump built-in type distinguishes a number of advantages, which include:

• minimum space required for installation;
• good ejector protection from contamination;
• no need to install additional filters to protect the ejector from insoluble inclusions contained in the pumped liquid.

Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that high efficiency ejectors built-in type demonstrate if they are used to pump water from sources of small depth - up to 10 meters. Another significant disadvantage of pumping stations with ejectors built-in type is that they emit a strong enough noise in their work, so it is recommended to have them in a separate room or in the caisson aquifer. It should also be borne in mind that the ejector device of this type assumes the use of a more powerful electric motor that drives the pump unit itself.

External (or external) ejector, as its name suggests, is installed at a certain distance from the pump, and it can be quite large and reach up to fifty meters. Ejectors of remote type, as a rule, are placed directly in the well and connected to the system through a recirculation pipe. A pumping station with a remote ejector also requires the use of a separate storage tank. This tank is necessary in order to ensure the constant availability of water for recycling. The presence of such a tank, in addition, allows you to reduce the load on the pump with a remote ejector, and reduce the amount of energy necessary for its operation.

The use of ejectors of remote type, the efficiency of which is somewhat lower than that of built-in devices, allows pumping the liquid medium from wells of considerable depth. In addition, if you make a pumping station with an external ejector, you can not place it in the immediate vicinity of the well, but mount it at a distance from the source of water intake, which can be from 20 to 40 meters. It is important that the location of pumping equipment at such a significant distance from the well will not affect the efficiency of its operation.

Production of an ejector and its connection to pumping equipment

Having understood what the ejector is and having studied the principle of its operation, you will understand that it is possible to make this simple device with your own hands. Why make an ejector with your own hands, if it can be purchased without any special problems? It's all about saving. Find the drawings on which you can independently make such a device, does not represent any problems, and for its manufacture you do not need expensive consumables and complex equipment.

How to make an ejector and connect it to the pump? For this purpose, you need to prepare the following components:

• tee with internal thread;
• choke;
• couplings, elbows and other fitting elements.

The ejector is manufactured according to the following algorithm.

1. In the lower part of the tee twist the union, and do it so that the narrow branch pipe of the latter is inside the tee, but does not protrude from it reverse side. The distance from the end of the narrow branch pipe to the upper end of the tee should be of the order of two or three millimeters. If the choke is too long, then the end of its narrow branch pipe is grinded, if short, then build up with the help of a polymer tube.
2. In the upper part of the tee, which will be connected to the suction pipeline of the pump, screw the adapter with an external thread.
3. In the lower part of the tee with the already installed nozzle, twist the elbow in the form of a corner, which will be connected to the recirculation tube of the ejector.
4. In the side branch pipe of the tee, the elbow in the form of a corner is also screwed into it, to which a pipe supplying water from the well is connected by means of a collet clamp.

All threaded connections made in the manufacture of a self-made ejector must be leakproof, which is ensured by the use of a FSM tape. On the pipe, which will draw water from the source, you should place a return gate and a strainer that protects the ejector from clogging. As pipes, by means of which the ejector will be connected to the pump and the storage tank, which provides the recirculation of water in the system, it is possible to choose products from both metal-plastic and polyethylene. In the second variant, not collet clamps, but special crimping elements are needed for mounting.

Almost everywhere you can connect an autonomous water supply to the house. However, the main problem is the depth of groundwater. If the water in the prepared well is at a level of 5-7 meters, then special problems can not be expected, because then you can use almost any type of pump that is suitable for power and performance. If the water is much deeper, then the ejector for pumping stations comes to the rescue.

Ejector for pumping stations

What is an ejector for?

To raise water from a great depth, a submersible pump or an increase in the mass and dimensions of the equipment is required, which makes it less efficient and consumes large amount of electricity. To avoid such problems, you need to resort to the help of an additional device that can push water to the surface, making it easier to lift. For this purpose, an ejector is used.

Operating principle

By design, this is a simple device. It consists of the main components, which are:

• Nozzle,
• Mixer,
• Suction chamber,
• Diffuser.

The nozzle is branch pipe tapering to the end. The liquid coming from the nozzle accelerates quickly and breaks out at high speed. Bernoulli derived a formula according to which the flow of liquid at high speed does not put much pressure on the environment. From the nozzle, the water passes into the mixer, creating a considerable discharge over its boundaries.

In essence, the ejector operates in such a way that the kinetic energy passes from the medium with a higher velocity to the medium at a lower velocity. How does it interact with the pumping station?

The pipeline running from the well to the pump includes an ejector. The water that rises to the surface goes back into the borehole to the ejector, recirculation line. It is pushed out from the nozzle with great speed, taking a new portion of liquid from the well with it, which provides additional discharge in the pipeline. As a result, the pump spends less energy to provide a fluid lift from a greater depth.

On the recirculation line, a valve is installed that helps regulate the volume of fluid entering the system of its intake, which sets the efficiency of the entire system.

Excess water, which has remained unused in the recycling, is delivered to the consumer, this determines the productivity of the entire station. Therefore, it is possible to use an engine with lower power ratings and a less massive pump part, thereby increasing its service life, as well as reducing energy consumption.

Thanks to the ejector it is easier to start the system. A small volume of liquid creates a vacuum in the pipeline and initiates its initial intake to prevent the pump from running for a long time when empty.

Equipment pumping station ejector occurs in two ways. It is internal when its construction implies its presence. The second method is based on a separate external node. Pumping station with one or another way of layout is chosen taking into account the requirements.

Built-in ejector

This type allows to take the water for recirculation and create a head in the ejector by means of the pump itself. This design does not look so massive.

The pump with built-in ejector is almost insensitive to additives from sand and silt. Water filtration is optional.

This equipment is needed to ensure the scoop of water from a depth of up to 8 meters. It creates a sufficient head of water for irrigation of a large farm. Among the shortcomings of the ejector built into the pumping station is the increased noise level during operation. Therefore it is better to install it in a separate utility room.

In order to provide a recirculation system, an electromotor with a high power is properly selected. This is suitable for situations with a well, the depth of which is up to 10 meters. If the depth is greater, then the pumping stations with the ejector do not have alternatives except for the immersion device. But in order to adjust its operation, it is necessary to equip a well with a large diameter.

If the pumping station device does not include an ejector, then need an extra tank   to receive water there. It generates the required head and additional discharge to relieve some pump load. The ejector is connected to the immersed part of the pipeline. In order to start working, two pipes are pushed into the well, which causes some requirements for the allowable diameter.

Pumping stations with remote ejector reduce system efficiency up to 30-35%, but they allow to extract water from deep sources up to 50 meters. The plus is the muffled noise level of the operating pumping station. Due to this, it can be installed directly in the house. Without reducing effective operation, the distance from the well may be up to 20-40 meters. These characteristics are decisive in choosing a pumping station with an external device. The equipment is in one prepared place of the house, due to which its service life is prolonged, as well as preventive maintenance and adjustment of the system.

Connectivity

Installation of the pumping system with an internal ejector is almost no different from the installation of a pump without a pump. It is necessary to connect the pipeline from the source to the suction inlet of the device, and also to equip the pressure line with necessary equipment, in particular, with a hydraulic accumulator and automation, which will control the operation of the entire system.

For pumping stations with an internal ejector fixed separately, as well as for devices where an external ejector is present, two additional steps:

• It requires the laying of an additional pipe for recirculation, it is pulled from the pressure line of the pump to the ejector. It connects the main pipe to the suction pump.
• Having a non-return valve and a coarse filter, a branch pipe for raising water from the source is connected to the suction of the ejector.

If required, a vent is installed in the recirculation line. This is advantageous in case the water level in the well is located substantially higher than the calculated pump station. The water pressure in the ejector can be reduced, due to which its supply in the water supply system will increase. Some models equipped with a built-in valve   for this setting. The instructions for the equipment indicate its placement and adjustment.

Production of an ejector by one's own hands

To make the device yourself you will need the following details:

1. Tee will act as the basis for the device.
2. The plug will become a high pressure flow conduit.
3. With the help of couplings and bends, the ejector will be assembled and connected to the system.

The above details for the assembly of the device with their own hands are collected in a certain order:

Threaded connections are installed on polymer sealant. If polyethylene is molded instead of pipes, then crimping elements are used as collet fittings for metal plastic, which are designed for the reverse shrinkage of polyethylene. Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene can bend in any direction, so you can save on corners.

After assembling the ejector, it is required to connect it to the pumping station for the house. If the device is connected outside the well, then the pumping station with the internal device, if the ejector descends into the mine under the water, then the equipment with the external unit.

Then in the latter case, the collected device needs will connect three pipes:

The first pipe   must completely hide in the water, the other two emerge from it to the surface.

Ejector is an indispensable device for creating a good head of water, as well as for protection against idling of the feeding equipment. You can buy it with a pumping station or build it yourself. It will for a long time work effectively, providing even from a deep source an uninterrupted supply of water.

Pumping station with an ejector is part of a water pipe operating in an autonomous mode. The principle of the ejector is that it regulates the pipe. In this case, the water moves from the well to the surface - to the consumer.

   Solving the problem of low water pressure allows installation of an ejector for a pumping station

For the energy efficiency of the operation of such a station, all the elements of the construction are responsible. At the same time, the supply of water from a depth of 10 m and more, provides only an ejector pump. Without this apparatus, the station pumps out water only from a well, the depth of which is a maximum of 7 m.

This article describes both the types and design of the ejector, and how to create an ejector pump.

Types and types of ejector pump

Manufacturers of equipment for water supply and wastewater make 2 types of ejection pumps:

•   - vacuum pump unit, which pumps gas from a closed room and maintains vacuum. Such a device is used in technical devices that provide water to consumers;
• steam jet - that uses the steam energy of the jet when pumping water, vapors of the enclosed space. This device was used on river and sea vessels when pumping water.

External ejector pumping stations are installed on a well located at great depth. They are connected to the motor with high power, which is installed indoors.

Internal pumping stations are connected to less powerful motors that are installed outside the house - where there is a shallow well (well).

Features and operating principle of the installation

Two types of pumping equipment are produced at the plants for the production of water drainage equipment - with an internal and external ejector pump.

Apparatus with internal ejection device pumped water from shallow (8 m and less) wells, reservoirs and wells.

A feature of such equipment is the presence of the function of "self-suction", resulting in the regulation of the water level, which is below the level of the inlet branch pipe. In this regard, before turning on the device, you need to fill it with water.

   The scheme of the device: 1 tee; 2 - fitting; 3 - chlorovinyl tube; 4 - adapter for a metal-plastic pipe; 5 - the angle of HxMP; 6-angle HxW; 7 is the angle of HMP

After the apparatus is filled with water and turned on, the impeller of the unit with the internal ejector pump sends water to the inlet to the ejector, forming the necessary jet. It moves on a thin tube and it becomes faster.

When the pipe is connected to the inlet pipe, water begins to flow to the station.

Then the water enters the chamber, which sucks the liquid. At the same time, the water pressure decreases and the liquid flows through the diffuser to the outlet, slightly increasing the flow velocity.

A device using a remote ejector for a pumping station differs from an internal ejection pump in that it is used only at a depth of 10 m or more.

Also on these devices it is difficult to install external ejector pumps. Pipes that connect pumping devices to each other are installed only in an upright position. Otherwise, much air will enter the input line and it stops working normally.

The optimal option for using devices with remote ejector is to install the device at a depth of 20 m. With an increase in the lifting height, its performance is reduced.

As a result, the remote pump unit has a lower efficiency than the internal one.

Self-made ejector

In order to make an air ejector with your own hands, you need to purchase the following set of parts, consisting of fittings and coupling elements:

1. tee - the basis of the air ejector being designed;
2. connector - conductor of a large head of water in the device;
3. couplings and bends - these elements are used for self-assembly of the ejector apparatus.

  Scheme of connecting the ejector into the work line of the pumping station

In order to collect from the details of the ejector for the pumping station with your own hands, you must perform the following actions:

• first, you should take a tee whose ends are used for threaded installation. In this case, the thread on its ends should be internal;
• further, on the lower part of the tee, a fitting must be installed. In this case, the fitting should be attached to the tee in such a way that a small branch is inside the pump. In this case, the nozzle should not appear on the end, which is on the opposite side of the tee.

If the spout is too long, then it must be shortened - sharpened.

In the same way, the short nipple is enlarged by using a tube made of polymers. The distance between the ends of the tee and the union should be 2-3 mm;

• then, on top of the tee - above the union, you should install the adapter. And 1 end of the adapter must be made for external thread (it must be installed on the base of the pump unit), and the second - installed as a crimp tap (fitting) for a pipeline of metal-plastic, which flows water from the well;
• from the bottom of the tee with the installed nipple, install the 2nd crimp tap, to which the recirculation line line must be put on and fastened with nuts. In this regard, before installing the device, you must first refine the lower part of the union to 3-4 thread threads;
• after the completion of the self-made pump unit assembly, the second corner, at the end of which is installed to install the water pipe, should be screwed into the branch from the side.

The threaded connection is made on sealants made of polymers - fluoroplastic sealing material (FUM).

After the completion of the assembly, it is connected to the station itself.

If the self-made ejector is installed outside the well - it will eventually result in a station with an integrated ejection device.

If the ejector device is installed in a shaft in which it is covered with water, a station with an external ejection device will be obtained.

SEE VIDEO

When installing this homemade device to the tee, you should simultaneously connect 3 pipes:

• 1 st - to the end, which is located on the side of the tee. The pipe is lowered to the bottom, and a filter with a grid is installed on its end. A small pressure of water begins to flow through such a pipe;
• 2 nd - to the end, which is located at the bottom of the tee. It is connected to the pressure line, which exits the station. As a result, the water flow rate in the ejector pump starts to increase;
• 3rd - to the end, which is located on top of the tee. It is brought to the surface and attached to a nozzle that sucks in water. On such a pipe, water will flow with even greater pressure.

As a result, the first pipe will be under water, and the second and third - on the surface of the water fluid.

The price of an ejector for a pumping station varies between 16-18,000 rubles. and depends on its technical characteristics.

If desired, you can arrange the house with autonomous water supply almost everywhere. That's just the main problem is the depth of groundwater. If the mirror of the water in the prepared well is at a level of 5-7 meters, then there are no special problems, you can use almost any type of pump, which is suitable for performance and power consumption. Otherwise, the situation is with the wells, where the water begins much deeper. In this case, the ejector for the pumping station will be able to cope with the task.

Natural constraints to work are created by atmospheric pressure, water column pressure and the strength of the elements of the pumping station itself. To raise water from a great depth it is necessary to use a submersible pump or substantially increase the mass and dimensions of the equipment, which makes it simply incompetent and consumes a huge amount of energy. To avoid such problems, additional means are needed to facilitate the rise of water, push it towards the surface, for which an ejector is needed.

The ejector is structurally very simple. In its composition, the following main components can be distinguished:

• nozzle;
• a suction chamber;
• mixer;
• diffuser.

The nozzle is a nozzle whose end is narrowed. The liquid that flows out of the nozzle instantly accelerates, bursting out of it at a tremendous speed. According to the Bernoulli law, the flow of liquid at high velocities exerts less pressure on the environment. A jet of water from the nozzle enters the mixer, where it creates a significant discharge along its boundaries.

Under the action of this discharge, water from the suction chamber begins to flow into the mixer. Further, the combined flow of liquid through the diffuser moves further along the pipes.

Actually, in the ejector kinetic energy is transferred from the medium with a higher velocity to the medium with a lower velocity. How can this be used in combination with a pump?

The ejector is included in the pipeline running from the well to the pump. Part of the water that rises to the surface returns back to the well to the ejector, forming a recirculation line. Escaping with great speed from the nozzle, it leads to a new portion of water from the well, providing additional discharge in the pipeline. The pump as a result spends less energy to lift the liquid from a greater depth.

By means of a valve installed in the recirculation line, it is possible to regulate the volume of water entering the water intake system, and thereby adjust the efficiency of the entire system.

Excess liquid, unused in the operation of the recirculation, is supplied from the pump to the consumer, determining the productivity of the entire plant. As a result, you can do with a smaller engine and not so massive pump part that will last longer and will consume less energy.

The ejector also facilitates the start-up of the system, a relatively small amount of water can create sufficient vacuum in the pipeline and initiate an initial water intake so that the pump does not run idle for a long time.

Device and types of stations

Pumping stations can be equipped with an ejector in two ways. In the first, it is constructively part of the pump and is internal. In the second case, it is implemented as a separate external node. The choice of layout depends on the requirements for the pump station.

Built-in ejector

In this case, the intake of water for recirculation, as well as the creation of pressure in the ejector, is created in the pump itself. This arrangement reduces the size of the installation.

The pump with internal ejector is practically not susceptible to the presence of suspended matter in the form of sand and silt. It is not necessary to filter the incoming water.

The station is used to take water from a depth of up to 8 meters. It creates sufficient headroom to provide a large farm, where water is mainly used for irrigation.

The disadvantage of the internal ejector is the increased noise level during operation. Its installation is best performed outside the residential building, best of all in a separate utility room.

The electromotor is selected obviously more powerful, that it could provide and system of recycling. However, this comparison is only relevant in a situation with a well depth of up to 10 meters. At greater depth, pumps with an ejector simply do not have an alternative, except that only a submersible type, for which it is required to equip a well with a large diameter.

External ejector

With the external ejector unit separate from the pump, an additional tank is installed, into which water flows. It creates the necessary pressure for operation and additional discharge to facilitate the loading of the pump. The ejector is connected in the submerged part of the pipeline. For its operation it is necessary to lay two pipes in the well, which imposes some restrictions on the minimum permissible diameter.

Such a design solution reduces the efficiency of the system to 30-35%, but it allows to extract water from deep wells to 50 meters, and also significantly reduces the noise of a working pumping station.

It can be placed directly in the house, for example in the basement. Distance from the well can be up to 20-40 meters without reducing efficiency. Such characteristics and determine the popularity of pumps with an external ejector. All equipment is located in one prepared place, which increases the service life, it is easier to carry out preventive work and adjust the system.

Connectivity

In the case of an internal ejector, if it is included in the design of the pump itself, the installation of the system differs little from the installation of an ejector pump. Simply connect the pipeline from the well to the suction inlet of the pump and equip the pressure line with the associated equipment in the form of a hydraulic accumulator and automation that will control the operation of the system.

For pumps with an internal ejector in which it is fixed separately, as well as for systems with an external ejector, two additional steps are added:

• An additional pipe is laid for recirculation from the pump station's pressure line to the ejector inlet. Connect the main pipe from it to the pump suction.
• To the suction of the ejector is connected a branch pipe with check valve   and coarse filter   to draw water from the well.

If necessary, a valve for adjustment is installed in the recirculation line. This is especially advantageous if the water level in the well is much higher than the calculated pump station. It is possible to reduce the pressure in the ejector and thereby raise the pressure in the water supply system. Some models have a built-in valve for this adjustment. About its placement and the way of adjustment is indicated in the instruction manual for the equipment.

Practice shows that not every owner a country house   or giving there is a possibility of connection to the central water supply. In such situations, underground sources of life-giving moisture come to the rescue, which can be found easily. However, having found groundwater, it is often possible to encounter such a problem as the considerable depth of their occurrence - from 7 to 10 meters.

Ejector helps to facilitate the rise of life-giving moisture on the surface

In such cases, an ejector for a pumping station is used, a device capable of facilitating the rise of water to the surface. Thanks to him, it is not necessary to purchase expensive and cumbersome equipment with increased capacity. For this reason, the use of an ejector in autonomous water supply systems that provide for the production of life-giving water from medium and large depths can be considered an entirely justified step.

The device and the principle of operation

In terms of design, the ejector can not be called a complex device. There are four main components, namely:

• nozzle;
• a suction chamber;
• diffuser;
• mixer.

In this case, the device we are considering is not to be confused with the injector, since the direction of motion of the masses in them is the opposite. The first one injects the liquid, but the ejector, on the contrary, takes it out. As for how the device described in this material, then in brief the principle of his work is as follows:

• due to the narrowing of one of the ends of the nozzle, the liquid leaves it at a tremendous speed;
• the water jet enters the mixer, creating a vacuum, as a result of which the life-giving moisture begins to flow from the suction chamber;
• the formed fluid flow, passing through the diffuser, enters the pipeline system.

From the point of view of physics, the ejector ensures the transfer of kinetic energy from one medium to another - having a correspondingly greater and lower velocity.

It should also be added that the operation of the pumping station with an ejector provides for the return of part of the lifted water back, referred to as the recycling process. This provides additional vacuum, which helps to reduce energy consumption for pumping out moisture from great depths. This circumstance makes it possible to achieve high productivity of the water supply system without acquiring a more powerful pump motor. In addition, the ejector system facilitates the start-up of the system, increasing its efficiency.

Typical varieties

Now we should talk about the types of devices we are considering for pumps. There are two of them - built-in and remote, each of which is remarkable in its own way. The first is installed directly into the pump, that is, it is a component of its design. The second one is connected to the system from the outside - as a separate, albeit a small node. Among the significant features of the pumping station with built-in ejector are:

• smaller installation dimensions;
• minimal susceptibility to clogging;
• effective work at shallow depths (up to 7-9 meters);
• high noise level.

If, however, to list the remarkable moments peculiar to pumping stations with a remote ejector, we can make the following list of them:

Scheme of pumping station with remote ejector

• the presence of a tank for the incoming life-giving moisture, which is installed separately from the pump;
• connection of the ejector to the submerged section of the pipeline;
• the need to install two pipes in the well, which should be taken into account in the design process;
• less noise;
• the possibility of operation at a distance of 30 +/- 10 meters from the well without deteriorating the performance indicators.

By using a remote ejector, it is possible to extract water from a depth of up to fifty meters, which is sufficient in the vast majority of cases.

Connection and operating instructions

If you want to install a system that includes an internal ejector, then this activity is identical to installing a conventional pump. As for the stations equipped with an internal ejector, the following steps are required to install them:

• installation of an additional pipe necessary for the recycling process;
• installation of a branch pipe equipped with a non-return valve;
• connection of the coarse filter.

In addition, an adjustment valve can optionally be installed in the recirculation line (if its availability is not provided initially, but is desirable for the consumer).

Speaking about the rules of installation and operation of the equipment under consideration, compliance with which allows us to extend the time of its trouble-free operation. Here they are:

• determination of the correct ratio of the pump power to the depth of the well or well, on the basis of which it is possible to select a suitable type of ejector;
• for pumping life-giving moisture from depths of more than 15 meters it is recommended to install an ejector inside the well, submerging it in water;
• using surface pump   should pay special attention to the location external ejector, pipes from which, going up, should be located perpendicular to the surface;
• the optimum depth for which equipment with an integrated ejector is suitable should not exceed 10 meters; Regular monitoring of pressure in the aqueduct is a prerequisite.

And one more important point: experience shows that the maximum productivity is able to "boast" equipped with ejector systems that lift water from a depth of 20 meters. Of course, it is possible to obtain life-giving moisture in a similar way from much more difficult sources, but the efficiency of the equipment used in such cases decreases.

Self-made ejector

It remains to add that anyone who wants to save money on the acquisition of this remarkable device can do it on their own. To solve the above task, the following elements are required:

• metal tee, which performs the function of the main part;
• nipple, playing the role of conductor of life-giving moisture, going under high pressure;
• couplings and bends, which are necessary for erection and connection of the ejector.

Prepare the FUM tape (fluoroplastic material necessary for sealing joints) and tools - vice, keys and grinder. With regard to the order of performance of works that involves the manufacture of an ejector with their own hands, it consists of the following steps:

• the union is screwed into the tee (if there are protrusions, they are cut off, and if there is a shortage of length, it must be grown with a tube of polymer);
• an adapter with an external thread is connected to the upper edge of the tee;
• a branch is attached to the lower part of the tee, used for further connection with the recirculation pipe;
• side, to the corresponding hole of the tee, a corner is screwed for subsequent connection of the supply pipe;
• connection of the assembled device in a suitable place.

In addition, the installation of an ejector for a pumping station with its own hands can include other activities. This is the connection of three pipes - to the bottom, providing a high-speed flow and outflowing - in the event that a dive is practiced. Other actions will be required, determined by the features of the object and the wishes of its owner, but unlike those listed above, they should not be classified as basic.