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What pressure is in the pear. Adjusting the water pressure switch for the pump and troubleshooting by yourself.

How to set the pressure switch of the pump station.

Adjustment of hydrophore pressure

Pressure switch Is an integral part pumping station (hydrophore), ensuring its automatic operation. By closing and opening the contacts, the relay controls the switching on and off of the pump.

The relay has two characteristics:

Shutdown pressure (bar) - the "upper" pressure at which the pump station disconnects. Approximate value 2.5 - 3 bar;
Switching pressure (bar) is the "lower" pressure at which the pumping station is switched on. The approximate value is 1.5-1.8 bar.

As a rule, the pressure switch has already been tuned to the pump stations supplied in the assembly in the optimal way. However, when assembling a station from individual elements (pump, tank, manometer, etc.), the relay setting is mandatory.

To adjust the pressure there are two bolts that are located under the relay cover.

The "lower" closing pressure is controlled by a large No. 1 bolt. Turn the bolt clockwise to increase the pressure, turning it counterclockwise reduces it.

The "upper" shut-off pressure is controlled by a small No. 2 bolt. Turn the bolt clockwise to increase the pressure, turning it in the opposite direction decreases it.

The process of setting the pressure switch on the assembled pump station consists of two steps:

1) Determination of air pressure in the expansion tank

The air pressure must be determined with an empty tank and a station unplugged from the mains!

In the expansion tank is installed a pear-shaped rubber diaphragm into which the pump pumps water. Between the diaphragm and the metal casing of the tank is air under pressure. To determine the pressure, as well as for pumping or discharging air, a special valve (nipple) is provided in the rear part of the tank. The air pressure in the tank is measured by means of a manometer designed to measure the pressure in the car wheels. If necessary, air is pumped by a car pump.

For tanks with a volume of 20-25 liters, the air pressure should be 1.4 - 1.7 bar, and 1.7 - 1.9 bar for tanks with a capacity of 50 - 100 liters.

Air in the tank should always be. Its pressure should be periodically checked (once a month) and maintained in the recommended values, which will positively affect the life of the rubber diaphragm and the comfort of using the pump station as a whole.

2) Determining and adjusting the pressure of the pump station on and off

After adjusting the air pressure, the pumping station must be connected to the network. The pump will pump water into the tank and shut off when the set pressure is reached. This will be the "upper" pressure and its value will be displayed on the manometer. If this value differs from the recommended one, then adjust it with the help of the relay bolt No.2 (see Fig.).

Similarly, the "lower" pressure is measured. After opening the tap and starting to drain the water, observe the manometer. The pressure will gradually fall and when the lower limit is reached, the pump will turn on again. The pressure value of the pressure gauge when the pump is turned on will be the "lower" pressure. If necessary, adjust it to the recommended parameters with the help of the relay bolt No.1 (see fig.).

It is important to know that the pump start pressure must be 10% higher than the air pressure in the tank! Failure to observe this rule can lead to accelerated wear of the rubber diaphragm.

You can install on the relay and other, different from the recommended values of the pressure on and off, thus setting up the pumping station to its own level of comfort. Increasing the difference between "upper" and "lower" pressure, you can extend the life of the pump due to its rarer inclusions. However, the pressure in the system will be uneven. If the difference between the "upper" and "lower" pressure is reduced, the pump will turn on more frequently, but the pressure in the system will be constantly smooth and comfortable.

Adjusting the pressure switch is also important to remember that the accumulator, plumbing, rubber hoses and the mechanics of the relay have their maximum pressure values, which should not be exceeded.

Electrical connection of the relay

Sincerely, online shop "Zhlobin Market".

For the pump station, the actual issue in the current operation will be the adjustment of the water pressure switch for the pump, which can be carried out independently. How to do it and how much it is laborious - read in the article.

Is it possible or not to adjust the relay

The function of the unit is intended directly for the automation of the working process of the installed equipment, carrying out the disconnection or activation of the pump device. In the event that the pump was purchased directly from the factory, the device most likely was sent to the buyer in assembled form. In this case, it already has standard settings and nothing else needs to be adjusted. This is a shutdown pressure parameter within 2.5 (3), while the default setting is set to 1.5 (1.8).

Pressure is measured in atmospheres or bars, standard values for similar equipment. It is through adjusting these values that it is easy to fine-tune the parameters of the system operation, depending on the necessary operating conditions.

Self-adjustment of pressure parameters is possible only if the water pressure switch for the pump station is delivered in disassembled form, and the station assembles independently from special elements and assemblies.

In this case, the relay parameters are necessarily regulated, since they directly depend on a number of key features in the operation process. There is a direct relationship between the specific parameters of the volume of the hydraulic accumulator, the data of the pump head, and also the correct settings of the operating relay.

A few simple tools and techniques for setting relay parameters

Correction of the water pressure switch for the pumping system is carried out by rotating the required parameters, set by the corresponding nuts "P" and "? P". It is the first among all the elements of the system that is responsible for adjusting the shutdown pressure parameters, or, in other words, sets the upper limit.

The second one, or as it is commonly called "delta", controls the parameter of the difference between the two types of pressure - on, as well as shutdown. In other words, the last nut can be just set the required lower limit for the pump station or adjust the pressure level of the current switching mechanism.

Optimization of operating parameters - we are determined with the principles of equipment operation

In order to understand how the operation of the relay for the pumping station is configured, it is worthwhile to study in detail and analyze the parameters and the overall mechanism of operation of the equipment. We can distinguish the following specific features of the work and its sequence, which is important to take into account:

The pump pumps the required amount of fluid into the installed hydraulic accumulator.
After this action, the pressure set in the tank gradually increases, which can be observed by the current indicators of the manometers that are included in the pump station kit.
When a certain working pressure is achieved in the design, pump equipment is disconnected. This action is carried out by opening one or another contact group in the relay design. This indicator of "pressure" is the upper level of the limit, which can be adjusted at its own discretion.
As soon as the liquid accumulated in the reservoir is used, the pressure parameters gradually decrease, and sooner or later it reaches the established lower limit. Then the pump will be automatically switched on again, after which the work acquires a cyclic character.

Specificity of relay settings

Such adjustments begin immediately with the definition of parameters such as the pressure of the air formed in the empty design of the tank. The only condition is to disconnect the structure from the network.

For such purposes, a standard automobile pump is often used, in the design of which a manometer is provided. In this case, the nipple as a separate element is located in the upper part of this structure and is specially covered with a cap made especially in an ornamental type.

The air in the tank design should be constant, therefore it will be necessary to check its pressure systematically.

Such actions will allow the used station to work within the established parameters. Consequently, the parameter of the service life of the membrane element installed in the structure installed in the hydraulic accumulator design increases. The air check is carried out once in the current quarter, after which a decision is taken, to pump the air into the unit or not.

Video for setting the relay

It is easy and accessible to explain the author of the video story about the key settings of the relay. You can watch the video and everything will finally become clear.

To reduce the cost of maintenance of the pumping station, you can independently master the adjustment of the relay without calling the master. It is important only to correctly configure both parameters - the limits by which the key data is adjusted.

Modern pumping stations, equipped with a tank-accumulator, are a popular and popular solution, used both for summer work and for providing water supply systems for private houses.

In such units there is a special pressure switch - a mechanism responsible for maintaining a certain pressure of water in the system. And in some situations it may be necessary to adjust it - if the device does not work in the desired mode.

Adjustment method

First of all, let us consider a question that can be useful to all owners of such devices: how to adjust the pressure of the pump station by means of a relay.

This is a fairly responsible and almost jeweler part of the work to eliminate pressure problems. The work is carried out with the pump on. Progress of work:

Remove the cover that covers the pressure regulator for the pump station.
Completely loosen the clamp of the smaller spring.
We begin to adjust the pressure, at which the pump starts to work: we will rotate the clamping nut of the large spring. If you need to increase the pressure - turn clockwise, reduce - against.
Then we open the tap so that the water flows - thereby reducing the water pressure in the pumping station. We are waiting for the pump to work and check the result - whether the moment of starting the device corresponds to the required pressure. If something does not suit (the station did not work on time) - we continue the adjustment.
Then you need to adjust the upper limit, in which the pump station must be switched off. We twist the clamping nut of the smaller spring, set the necessary upper pressure. Then - turn on the pump and wait for the relay to work. If the resulting result does not suit you (again - if the device does not work out at the right time) - we again lower the water and repeat the whole process.

Whichever firm the pump station is made, the pressure setting for all will be approximately the same. Differences can only be made in a constructive way, but the principle will always be the same.

If, nevertheless, the adjustment of the pressure regulator of the pumping station has not yielded tangible results, and the pumping station does not create pressure - it will be necessary to change the relay. The average price of this item is 500-600 руб.

As an option - you can not change part of the mechanism, but use the service of a wizard to configure it. It will cost an average of 500-1000 rubles.

Pumping stations of high pressure with proper operation and correct tuning will last for a very long time.

What should I do if the device does not gain pressure?

When operating any pumping station - domestic or imported, there may be a situation where the pressure setting of the pump station is lost, and the device has ceased to function correctly.

The reasons for this are very different. Let's figure it out.

When the pumping station does not gain pressure, the reasons can be as follows:

Low pump power.
Damage to the collector.
Low voltage in the mains.

In the first case, most likely, the pumping station was improperly selected: it did not give water pressure increase in the pipes, because it could not lift water that was too far or deep.

Alternatively, if the pump has been in operation for quite some time, some parts may be worn out, which also prevents it from operating at full power.

To remedy this problem, it will be necessary either to change the pumping station to a more powerful one, or manually lower the maximum pressure to the level at which it can work optimally.

In order to avoid such troubles, it is necessary to calculate the power of the device correctly - since the mistake made will cost you a considerable amount, which will have to be allocated for the purchase of a new device.

Sometimes a pumping station takes a long time to pressurize (or does not at all gain it to the required level), because there is a water leakage: somewhere a pipe could burst or a depressurization of any of the threaded connections may occur.

In this case, you should check the entire pipeline system, walking along it along the entire length, and pay attention to its integrity. Most common places of leakage are:

knees, bends;
connection points (it does not matter how the connection was made).

If a leak is detected, it should be removed - either tighten the nuts tightly (if the water is flushed through the flange connection), or, if it passes through the live one, cut off the area and seal the crack.

If the power supply voltage in the network is less than 220 V, the pressure in the pumping station will not rise to the required level. It is necessary to disconnect the pump and check the home electrical network with a tester.

By the way, the loss of efficiency at a lack of voltage is quite significant - up to 10-15%. It should also be aware that the voltage in the network is very often below the required voltage - so it is recommended to check it before purchasing.

What if the device does not "hold" pressure?

In the case when the pumping station does not hold the pressure, i.e., it decreases, when there is no water flow, then the problem lies in the work check valve : sometimes it can clog up and bleed water back into the tank.

If the valve is in the normal state, look for a leak in the pipes, as described above.

Such a problem, like the low pressure of a pumping station, also occurs if water is supplied to the system with a lower pressure. In this case, it is necessary to adjust the pressure in the pump accumulator of the pump station.

Here you will have to adjust the automatic relay, which controls just the functions of turning on / off the pump, as described above.

What is the optimal pressure in the pumping station? The standard pressure that meets the technical specifications is as follows:

Pressure to switch on - 1,5-1,8 atm;
Disconnect pressure 2,5-3,0 atm.

Any action with the pressure regulator should be done very carefully, especially if it is adjustment of the pressure sensor of the pump station, so as not to damage the pump and do not bring down the setting.

The adjustment of the pressure regulator of the pumping station should begin with a check of the accumulator, namely: find out what the pressure in the tank of the pumping station is. Before starting the test, the pump must be disconnected from the mains and emptied of the tank.

Check the pressure in the receiver of the pump station can be an ordinary car pump, which has a manometer. It should be about one and a half atmospheres.

If the pressure is lower, it is necessary to pump it. In general, take for yourself the rule of periodically monitoring the air pressure in the pumping station (meaning in the tank, of course), and when it decreases - pumping.

This will significantly extend the life of the accumulator.

If, after you have tried to equalize the pressure in the pumping station pear, the pump still clutters, you need to adjust the pressure sensor itself for the pumping station.

Also, attention should be paid to the integrity of the membrane - a rubber pear located in the tank, which, in fact, is the most important part of it. This is checked by pressing the nipple on the accumulator housing.

In the event that water flows from there - it means that the integrity of the membrane is broken, and the pressure can not be maintained at the required level in any way. In this case, you should first understand the pear, and then - pay attention to the adjustment, if necessary.

To repair the membrane, disassemble the tank. This is done easily - you just need to unscrew the bolts on the body and remove its part. Then you need to pull out the pear and check it.

If the damage is insignificant, it can be vulcanized at any tire station. It costs literally 200-300 rubles.

In case of serious damage, you will have to buy a new pear - this solution will be much more reliable than repairing the old one. For a tank of 24 liters (one of the most popular domestic options), it will cost about 800-1000 rubles.

Larger pears, of course, will cost more - for example, for 50 liters - about 1500 rubles.

The work of pumping equipment in the system of autonomous water supply is regulated by special automation. One of the main details controlling the network parameters is the pressure switch. This device has factory settings that determine the lowest and highest limit at which the pump starts. If it is necessary to change the parameters, the pressure switch of the pump station is adjusted. Such an operation does not require the involvement of specialists, knowing the rules of setting, it can be done independently.

Water supply network with relay

How the pressure switch is arranged

Regardless of the manufacturer, the water pressure switch in the water supply system is a compact unit with two springs and electrical contacts. The hydraulic part of the device is a diaphragm with a piston and two springs of different sizes. The electrical part is the contact group, the opening / closing network for switching the pump on / off. All structural parts, including the terminal block, are attached to the metal base. The device has several groups of terminals:

for connection of voltage 220V;
for earthing;
terminals on the pump.

On the back side there is a connection nut to the union. On top of the device is covered with a plastic cover, fixing to the screw of a larger spring. Products of various plants can be equipped with additional elements, have a characteristic shape and arrangement of nodes, but they all have a similar design. The sensor can be mechanical and electronic. Mechanical devices are more popular due to their low cost.

Relay construction

Attention. A screwdriver or a wrench is required to remove the plastic cover from the device.

Principle of operation of relays

The device of the pump station pressure switch does not require human intervention in the process of switching on and off the pump. The principle of its operation is based on a change in the degree of influence on the piston responsible for closing the contacts. A large spring, fitted to the stem with the adjusting nut, counteracts the movement of the diaphragm and piston. When the pressure in the system is reduced due to water debris, the contact platform is lowered and closes the contacts. The pump starts and starts to pump the liquid.

Mechanical pressure controller

The flow of water into the accumulator leads to an increase in the air pressure on the membrane of the device. The piston, overcoming the action of the spring, begins to move the contact platform. This process causes the electrical contacts to open. Disconnection of the current does not occur immediately, but when the platform is moved to a distance determined by the setting of the small spring. This regulator is responsible for the pressure difference. After complete opening of the contacts, the unit stops working on pumping water.

Information. To adjust the lower pressure level (on), a large spring is used, to set the upper limit (off) - a small spring.

Preparation of the pumping station

When organizing individual water supply, special equipment is installed - a pumping station. It consists of two parts:

submersible (surface) pump;
accumulator.

Where to install the mechanical controller?

When selecting the connection point for the pressure switch to the submersible pump, avoid possible turbulence and pressure surges. The optimum option is the installation around the accumulator. It is necessary to take into account the operating conditions of the device, in the documents the manufacturer indicates the permissible parameters of temperature and humidity. When the sensor is waterproof, it can be installed together with the accumulator in the caisson. For the controller to function, it must be connected to an electrical and a water supply network.

For the relay it is desirable to allocate a separate electric line, but this condition is not mandatory. A cable with a cross section of 2.5 mm 2 is laid from the shield. For safety, it is recommended to install a circuit breaker, with parameters corresponding to the characteristics of the pump. The device must be grounded.

The terminal block has three groups of contacts: ground, phase and zero from the flap, wire from the pump.

The connection is made as standard - the wire is stripped, inserted into the connector and fixed with a bolt

Attention. Connection to the electrical network is carried out according to the inscriptions indicated on the contact group.

The submersible pump with pressure switch can be connected using a tee or a fitting with five outlets. The connection is made via a nut on the back of the device. In the first case, the device is installed directly on the highway. The second option is more preferable when a five-part assembly is assembled:

Submersible or surface pump.
The manometer.
Accumulator.
Pressure meter.
Pipeline.

Relay Installation Diagram

the lower level is 1.5-1.8 bar;
the upper level is 2.4-3 bar.

Lower pressure threshold

If the customer does not like these values, then knowing how to adjust the pressure in the pumping station, they can be changed. Having dealt with the installation of the correct head in the storage tank, proceed to adjust the sensor settings:

The pump and the relay are disconnected from the power supply. All the liquid is drained from the system. At this moment the pressure gauge is at zero.
The plastic sensor cover is removed with a screwdriver.
Turn on the pump and record the pressure gauge when the equipment is turned off. This indicator is the upper pressure of the system.
The tap, which is farthest from the unit, opens. The water gradually merges, the pump turns on again. At that moment, the bottom pressure is determined from the manometer. The pressure difference, for which the equipment is currently tuned, is calculated mathematically - by subtracting the results.

Attention. To get the correct setting, you need a reliable pressure gauge, the indications of which you can trust.

Having the opportunity to estimate the pressure from the tap, select the necessary setting. Adjustment to increase the pressure of the pumping station is performed by tightening the nut on a large spring. If the head needs to be reduced, the nut is weakened. Do not forget that correction work is carried out after disconnecting the device from power.

Attention. The adjustment is carried out carefully, the relay is a sensitive device. One turn of the nut changes the pressure by 0.6-0.8 atmosphere.

Upper pressure threshold

To adjust the optimum pump start frequency, it is necessary to adjust the pressure difference. A small spring responds to this parameter. The optimum value for the difference between the upper and lower pressure threshold is 1.4 atm. If it is necessary to increase the upper limit at which the unit is switched off, the nut on the small spring is turned clockwise. When decreasing - in the opposite direction.

Tuning chart

What effect does the adjustment have on the equipment? The indicator below the average (1.4 atm.) Will ensure a uniform supply of water, but the unit will often turn on and quickly break down. Exceeding the optimum value contributes to the gentle use of the pump, but the water supply will suffer because of noticeable pressure surges. Adjustment of the difference in pressure of the pumping station is carried out smoothly and carefully. The result of exposure requires verification. Repeat the scheme of actions performed when setting the lower pressure level:

All devices are disconnected from the electrical network.
The water is drained from the system.
The pump equipment is switched on and the result of the adjustment is evaluated. If the indices are not satisfactory, the procedure is repeated.

One of the working parts of the pump station is a pressure switch.

It is designed to enable or disable the pump motor depending on the pressure in the system.

At new pumping stations, the relay has already been adjusted to work at optimum loads, so without the need to better these settings do not change. On the adjustment and adjustment of the pumping station with their own hands, let's talk about this article.

Pressure switch device

If the equipment is used in an intensive manner, various kinds of malfunctions may arise in which it becomes necessary to re-set the pressure switch.

For example, often there are situations when the pump simply stops turning on, or works without stopping for a long time. These are obvious signs of a malfunction.

Usually the relay is a small box with wires coming out of it. To get to the adjusting springs, it is necessary to unscrew the plastic screw located on top.

Inside there are two springs - one more, the second smaller, and also the mechanism of automation of the contact group. A small spring is needed to adjust the pressure difference. Large - to adjust the shutdown pressure.

Expansion tank

If the air pressure in the tank is not correctly set, then the reading on the water pressure gauge will be incorrect. Therefore, the first thing to do is to set the air pressure in the hydrophore.

For this procedure, it is necessary to de-energize the electrical part of the station and drain the water.

The hydrophore consists of only three parts:

the body;
nipple;
rubber diaphragm.

The rubber bulb is attached to the body of the hydrophore by a non-return valve (nipple), through which the pressure is either added or discarded.

Measuring the pressure can be done with a car manometer used by motorists to measure the pressure in the wheels.

Pressurize the receiver with an automotive or bicycle pump.

Depending on the volume of the expansion tank, the pressure is selected. Normal is the air pressure, which is 10% less than the pressure at which the pump station is turned on.

For example, if the pressure at which the pump motor starts to operate is 2 bar, then the air pressure should be set to 1.9 bar, that is, to lower or pump the rubber bulb.

Masters advise: The air pressure should be monitored, even if you have not made any changes in the operation of the pressure switch.

Customize

Elements of the pressure switch. (To increase, press) Before starting adjustment, the pump motor must be disconnected from the power supply. Drain and dry the tank is optional.

The relay setting consists in adding or decreasing the spring pressure on the contact group. Normally, only the screw with the nut on the larger spring is adjusted. This screw is responsible for shutting down the pump.

If you want to add pressure, after reaching which, the pump must stop, then it is necessary to twist the nut, thereby clamping the spring. If you need to reduce the pressure - then the spring should be relaxed, respectively, the nut must be unscrewed.

It is recommended to do a half-turn, then turn on the pump, and check the pressure according to the gauge. This procedure must be repeated until the pump automatically switches off at the required pressure. The relay device allows you to make a fairly accurate setting.

For optimal operation of the water supply system of a small house it will be sufficient to maintain a pressure of 3 bar.

This value may vary depending on the devices used, connected to the water supply. Proceeding from this, the opening pressure on the relay can be set to 2.5 - 3.5 bar.

The second (small) adjusting screw is mistakenly called the screw of the pressure switch. In fact, it regulates the difference in the switching and closing pressure.

So, when you set the pump off pressure to 3 bar, the automatic start pressure will be set to 1.7 bar. If you are satisfied with this result, then you should not touch the settings.

If you need a different result, the adjustment is similar to the shutdown screw. Wrapping the nut - the value increases, releasing - decreases.

Specialist offer: record all readings of the pressure gauge. This will not get confused with the readings and set the necessary parameters.

Another point to consider is the installation of the cover in place. The fact is that during installation, the pin, on which the spring is attached, can move. For this very pin is attached and the cover, which can displace the adjustment, as a rule, in the larger side.

See the video in which an experienced user in detail shows how to adjust the water pressure switch of the pumping station: