Zones of sanitary protection of water supply stations. Borders of sanitary protection zones
water intake are assigned to maintain the quality of groundwater near the well in the process of its operation. This is due to the fact that the pollution near the water intake can quickly affect the chemical and bacteriological composition of the water being withdrawn, and as a result, disrupt the water supply conditions.
SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02 specifies the requirements for the organization of zones of sanitary protection zones (SZOs) for sources of centralized water supply. According to this document, three belts of SSS around the well are distinguished:
-
sanitary zone of the first belt
;- 2
belt of sanitary protection zone
;-
the third belt of ZSO
.
First belt
(strict regime zone) includes directly the location of the well. The belt is designed to protect against accidental or deliberate contamination of groundwater. The boundary of the 1st belt is not calculated, but is set at a distance of not less than 50 m for unprotected aquifers, or at least 30 m when using protected groundwater.The strict regime zone should be provided with protection and fenced. In practice, this often causes problems. As a rule, the owner of the well during the construction phase does not think about the organization of belts of the ZSZ and often has a water intake well on the edge of its land plot. Then it turns out that he needs to retreat from the well for another 50 meters to build a fence around the perimeter.
Reducing the size of the first belt ZSO
possibly only if the well operates a protected aquifer, and also under the condition of hydrogeological justification and in agreement with Rospotrebnadzor.2 zone of the sanitary protection zone
It must protect the water intake from microbial contamination. The boundaries of the second belt of SSS are determined by hydrodynamic calculations, proceeding from the assumption that the microbial contamination entering the aquifer outside the second belt should not reach the water intake. The main parameters that determine the distance from the boundaries2 ZCO belts
before water abstraction is the time of advancement of microbial pollution with the flow of groundwater to the water intake. It is generally believed that the lifetime of microbial contamination in the aquifer is limited to 100, 200 or 400 days, depending on the climatic region.Within the second zone of the sanitary protection zone, the injection of waste water into underground horizons, the underground storage of solid waste, the development of the earth's interior, the placement of fuel and lubricants, pesticides, the placement of cemeteries, cattle grazing grounds, suction fields, filtration fields, manure storages, silo trenches , livestock and poultry enterprises, the use of fertilizers and pesticides, forest cutting, etc.
Third Belt of ZCO
It is designed to protect the aquifer from chemical contamination. It is also determined by hydrodynamic calculations. At the same time, it should be assumed that the time for the movement of chemical contamination to the water intake should be longer than the scheduled operation of the water intake. As a rule, the assessment of groundwater reserves for water intakes is carried out for 25 years, so the calculation of 3 belts of the sanitary protection zone uses a time equal to 9125 days (25 years).Dimensions 2 and 3 of the belts are determined by the hydrogeological conditions of the aquifer (the filtration coefficient, the pressure gradient, the active porosity), the flow rate of the well and the time of migration of the contaminant to the water intake well. recommends the use of methodological guidance for hydrodynamic calculations of SIZ dimensions "".
The first chapters of the above-mentioned methodology are devoted to analytical calculations of SIZ dimensions using simple schemes. However, in hydrogeological practice, there are often cases when it is correctly calculated from simple analytical equations
border of the sanitary protection zone
It is impossible, for example, when several water intakes are nearby and interact hydrodynamically with each other. For complex cases, the methodical guidance recommends the use of a graphoanalytical method using a computer.The software complex is based on the graph-analytical method
calculating the sizes 2 and 3 of the ZCO belt. The legitimacy of the algorithms used, as well as the reliability of calculations, is confirmed by the expert conclusion of the Research Institute of ECH and GOS of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Read more about the program you can on the page.
State Sanitary and Epidemiological Rationing
Russian Federation
State sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations
2.1.4. DRINKING WATER AND WATER SUPPLY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines
Sanitary rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02
Ministry of Health of Russia
Moscow 2002
1. Developed by the Department of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene of the Moscow Medical Academy. THEM. Sechenov (Prof. Mazaev VT, Associate Professor Shlepnina TG), Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene them. A.N. Sysina RAMS (MD Nedachin AE), the Federal Center for Sanitary Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Kudryavtsev BM), Ph.D. Gasilina MM, with the participation of the Department of State Sanitary Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Health of Russia (AP Veselov) .2. Recommended for approval by the Commission on State Sanitary Epidemiology at the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (no.12 of February 14, 2002). Approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation G.G. Onischenko on February 26, 2002. They were put into effect by the decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of March 14, 2002 No. 10 from June 1, 2002. Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on April 24, 2002. Registration number 3399.6. Sanitary rules and norms "Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and water supply systems of domestic and drinking water supply." SanPiN 2.1.4.027-95 "from the moment SanPiN 2.14.1110-02 is put into effect (the decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of March 14, 2002 No. 11).
| 1. General Provisions 2. Determination of the Boundary Belt boundaries 2.1. Factors that determine SOS 2.2. Determining the boundaries of the belts of the ZCO of the underground source 2.3. Determination of the boundaries of the ZCO belts of the surface source 2.4. Determination of the boundaries of the WSS of waterworks and water conduits. 3. Main activities in the territory of the WSS 3.1. General requirements 3.2. Activities in the territory of the federal district of underground sources of water supply 3.3. Activities on the territory of SOS of surface water sources 3.4. Measures for the sanitary-protective strip of waterways Annex 1 The program of studying sources of drinking water supply Appendix 2 Special Sign |
APPROVED
The main state
sanitary doctor of the Russian Federation
Federation - First Deputy
Minister of Health
Russian Federation
G.G. Onishchenko
2.1.4. DRINKING WATER AND WATER SUPPLY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Zones of sanitary protection of sources
water supply and water supply
drinking purposes
Sanitary rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02
1. General Provisions
1.1. Sanitary rules and norms (SanPiN) "Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and water pipelines for drinking purposes" are developed on the basis of the Federal Law "On Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-Being of the Population" of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, item 1650), the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation from July, 24th, 2000 № 554, approved "Regulations about the state sanitary-and-epidemiologic service of the Russian Federation" and "Regulations on the state sanitary-epidemiological ohm normalization "(Collection of the Russian Federation, 2000, number 31, p. 3295) .1.2. These sanitary rules and regulations determine the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization and operation of sanitary protection zones (SZOs) of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines. Compliance with sanitary rules is mandatory for citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities. 1.4. Sanitary protection zones are organized on all water pipes, irrespective of departmental affiliation, supplying water from both surface and groundwater sources. The main goal of creating and maintaining a regime in the ZSS is sanitary protection from pollution of water supply sources and waterworks, as well as territories which they are located. Zones of sanitary protection are organized in three belts: the first belt (strict regime) includes the territory of the location of water intakes, the sites of all waterworks and the water channel. Its purpose is to protect the water intake point and water intake structures from accidental or deliberate pollution and damage. The second and third belts (zones of restrictions) include the territory designed to prevent water pollution from water supply sources. Sanitary protection of water lines is provided by a sanitary protection strip. In each of the three belts, and also within the sanitary protection strip, according to their purpose, a special regime and a set of measures aimed at preventing deterioration of water quality is defined.1.6. The organization of the ZSO should be preceded by the development of its draft, which includes: a) the definition of the boundaries of the zone and its constituent belts, b) the plan of measures to improve the sanitary condition of the territory of SIZ and the prevention of source contamination, c) the rules and regime for the economic use of the territories of the three belts of ZSO. the development of a draft SOS for large water pipelines is preceded by a provision on SZW containing the hygienic foundations of their organization for this water main. The definition of SSS boundaries and the development of a set of necessary organizational, technical, hygienic and anti-epidemic measures depend on the type of water supply sources (underground or surface) that are designed or used for drinking water supply, on the degree of their natural protection and possible microbial or chemical contamination. On the water mains with the underwater intake, the SZO should be organized as for a surface source of water supply. On the water mains with artificial replenishment of groundwater, the SSS is organized for both a surface source (with respect to water intake for infiltration basins) and a subterranean source (to protect infiltration basins and production wells) .1.9. The principal decision on the possibility of organizing the ZSS is adopted at the stage of the district planning project or the master plan when the source of water supply is selected. In the general plans for the development of settlements of the sanitary protection zones of water supply sources are indicated on the plan of planning restrictions. When choosing a source of household and drinking water supply for a particular facility, the possibility of organizing a SSS should be determined at the stage of choosing a site for the construction of a water intake. 1.10. On the sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the selection to the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, the customer presents materials characterizing the source of water supply, incl. the approximate boundaries of the DSO and possible sources of pollution. The volume of materials is defined in the annex. 1. The act on the choice of the site (route) is signed with the presence of a positive sanitary-epidemiological conclusion of the center of state sanitary-epidemiological surveillance.1.11. The ZSO project should be an integral part of the project of domestic and drinking water supply and be developed simultaneously with the latter. For existing water pipelines that do not have designated sanitary protection zones, the draft BSS is developed specifically.1.12. The SSS project should include a textual part, cartographic material, a list of envisaged activities agreed with land users, terms of their execution and executors.1.12.1. The textual part should contain: a) a description of the sanitary condition of the water supply sources, b) water quality analysis in the amount provided by the current sanitary norms and rules, c) hydrological data (basic parameters and their dynamics over time) - with a surface source of water supply or hydrogeological data - at the underground source, d) data characterizing the mutual influence of a subterranean source and a surface water body in the presence of a hydraulic link between them, e) data on the prospects of construction in source location Iona potable water, including residential, industrial and agricultural facilities, e) delineation of the boundaries of the first, second and third belts of the ZSO with the appropriate justification and a list of activities with indication of the deadlines for implementation and responsible organizations, individual entrepreneurs, with the definition of funding sources, g) rules and regime of economic use of the territories included in the zone of sanitary protection of all belts.1.12.2. The cartographic material should be presented in the following volume: a) the situational plan with the projected boundaries of the second and third belts of the ZSO and the application of water intake sites and sites of water supply facilities, the source of water supply and its supply basin (with tributaries) on a scale - with a surface source of water supply - 1: 50 000 - 1: 100 000, with underground - 1:10 000 - 1:25 000, b) hydrological profiles along the characteristic directions within the feeding area of the water intake - with an underground water supply source, c) : 500 - 1: 1,000; d) the plan for the second and third belts of the ZSO on a scale of 1:10 000 - 1:25 000 - with an underground source of water and at a scale of 1:25 000 - 1:50 000 - with a surface water source with all located on the given territory of objects. The draft SZO with the action plan should have a conclusion of the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision and other interested organizations, after which it is approved in the established order.1.14. The established boundaries of the ZAO and its constituent belts can be reviewed in case of emerged or forthcoming changes in the operation of water supply sources (including the productivity of groundwater abstraction facilities) or local sanitary conditions for the conclusion of organizations specified in clause 1.13 of this SanPiN. The design and approval of new boundaries of the ZSOs should be carried out in the same order as the initial ones.1.15. Sanitary measures should be carried out: a) within the first zone of the SZO - by the municipal authorities or other owners of water pipes, b) within the second and third belts of the SZZ - owners of facilities that have (or can have) a negative impact on the quality of water sources of water supply. 1.16. State sanitary and epidemiological surveillance in the territory of the SZO is carried out by the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation through the development and monitoring of hygienic and antiepidemic measures, the coordination of water protection measures and the quality control of the source water.1.17. The lack of an approved draft of the ZSO is not a ground for the release of water-pipe owners, owners of facilities located within the boundaries of the ZSO, organizations, individual entrepreneurs, and citizens from meeting the requirements of these sanitary rules and regulations.2. Determination of the boundaries of belts of SSS
2.1. Factors determining SSS
2.1.1. The range of contamination depends on: the type of water source (surface or underground); character of pollution (microbial or chemical); the degree of natural protection from surface contamination (for an underground source); hydrogeological or hydrological conditions. 2.1.2. When determining the size of the ZOS belts, it is necessary to take into account the survival time of microorganisms (2 zones), and for chemical contamination - the range of distribution, taking its composition into an aqueous medium stable (3 zones). Other factors that limit the possibility of microorganism propagation (adsorption, water temperature, ), as well as the ability of chemical impurities to transform and reduce their concentration under the influence of physical and chemical processes occurring in water supply sources (sorption, precipitation, etc.), can be taken into account atsya if regularities of these processes have been studied.2.2. Determination of the boundaries of the ZCO belts of an underground source
2.2.1. Borders of the first belt2.2.1.1. Water intakes of underground waters should be located outside the territory of industrial enterprises and residential buildings. Location on the territory of an industrial enterprise or residential development is possible with proper justification. The boundary of the first belt is set at a distance of at least 30 m from the water intake - when using protected groundwater and at a distance of not less than 50 m - using insufficiently protected groundwater. The boundary of the first zone of the SOS of a group of underground water intakes must be at least 30 and 50 m From the extreme wells. For water intakes from protected groundwater located on the territory of the facility, excluding the possibility of contamination of soil and groundwater, the dimensions of the first zone of the WSW can be reduced under the condition of hydro eologicheskogo study in agreement with the center of the state sanitary-epidemiological logical nadzora.2.2.1.2. Protected underground waters include pressure and non-pressure inter-reservoir waters that have a continuous waterproof roof within all ZSO belts that exclude the possibility of local feeding from overlying inadequately protected aquifers. To insufficiently protected groundwater are: a) groundwater, ie groundwater the first from the surface of the land of a non-pressure aquifer receiving food on the area of its distribution, and b) pressure and non-pressure interstitial waters, which, under natural conditions or in As a result of the operation of the water intake, food is received on the area of SSS from the overlying inadequately protected aquifers through hydrogeological windows or permeable roof rocks, as well as from watercourses and reservoirs by direct hydraulic communication.2.2.1.3. For water intakes with an artificial replenishment of underground water resources, the boundary of the first belt is established as for an underground insufficiently protected source of water supply, at a distance of not less than 50 m from the water intake and at least 100 m from the infiltration facilities (basins, canals, etc.). 1.4. Within the boundaries of the first belt of infiltration water intakes of groundwater, the coastal area between the water intake and the surface water body is included, if the distance between them is less than 150 m.2.2.2. Border of the second and third belts2.2.2.1. When determining the boundaries of the second and third belts, it should be borne in mind that the inflow of groundwater from the aquifer to the water intake occurs only from the feedwater intake area, the shape and size of which depend on in terms of: the type of water intake (individual wells, wells, linear series of wells, horizontal drains and etc.); the amount of water intake (water discharge) and the lowering of the groundwater level; hydrological features of the aquifer, its feeding conditions and drainage.2.2.2.2. The boundary of the second belt of SSS is determined by hydrodynamic calculations, proceeding from the conditions that the microbial contamination entering the aquifer outside the second belt does not reach the water intake. The main parameters determining the distance from the boundaries of the second zone of the SOS to the water intake is the time for the advancement of microbial contamination with the groundwater flow to water intake (T m). When defining the boundaries of the second belt T m is taken from Table. 1.Table 1
Time T m - calculation of the boundaries of the 2 nd Belt of the ZSO
|
Hydrogeological conditions |
T m (in the day) |
Within the I and II climatic regions |
Within the III climatic region * |
I. Insufficiently protected groundwater (groundwater, as well as pressure and non-pressure interstitial water, having direct hydraulic communication with an open reservoir) | 2. Protected underground waters (pressure and non-pressure inter-reservoir waters that do not have direct hydraulic connection with an open reservoir) | * Climatic areas in accordance with the existing SNiP. |
2.3. Determining the boundaries of the ZCO belts of the surface source
2.3.1. Borders of the first belt 2.3.1.1. The boundary of the first zone of the ASW of a water pipe with a surface source is established, subject to specific conditions, within the following limits: a) for watercourses: upstream - at least 200 m from the water intake; downstream - at least 100 m from the water intake; on the shore adjacent to the water intake - not less than 100 m from the water line of the summer-autumn meadow; in the direction to the opposite bank of the water intake with a river or channel width of less than 100 m - the whole water area and the opposite shore 50 m wide from the water cut line in the summer-autumn meadow, with a river or channel width of more than 100 m - a strip of water not less than 100 m wide ; b) for reservoirs (reservoirs, lakes), the boundary of the first belt should be established depending on local sanitary and hydrological conditions, but not less than 100 m in all directions along the water intake area and along the shore adjacent to the water intake from the water-cut line in the summer-autumn mezhanee. Note: at the scoop-type water intakes within the first zone of the SOS, the whole bucket area is included. 2.3.2. Borders of the second belt 2.3.2.1. The boundaries of the second belt of SOS waterways (rivers, canals) and reservoirs (reservoirs, lakes) are determined depending on natural, climatic and hydrological conditions. 2.3.2.2. The boundary of the second belt on the watercourse for microbial self-purification should be removed upstream of the water intake so that the running time along the main watercourse and its tributaries, with 95% water flow in the watercourse, is 5 days for IA, B, G, as well as II A climatic regions, and not less than 3 days - for I D, II B, C, D, as well as III climatic region. The velocity of water movement in m / day is assumed to be averaged over the width and length of the watercourse or for its individual sections with sudden fluctuations in the flow velocity. 2.3.2.3. The boundary of the second belt of the SOS of the watercourse downstream should be determined taking into account the elimination of the effect of wind-back currents, but not less than 250 m from the water intake. 2.3.2.4. The lateral boundaries of the second SOS belt from the water's edge in the summer-autumn mezhanie should be located at a distance: a) for a flat terrain - at least 500 m; b) in case of mountainous terrain topography - to the top of the first slope facing the source of water supply, but not less than 750 m with a shallow slope and not less than 1,000 m when steep. 2.3.2.5. The boundary of the second belt of SOS in the reservoirs should be removed along the water area in all directions from the water intake to a distance of 3 km - in the presence of upwind winds up to 10% and 5 km - in the presence of drought winds of more than 10%. 2.3.2.6. The boundary of the ZSO belt in water bodies across the territory should be removed to both sides along the coast by 3 or 5 km in accordance with 2.3.2.5 and from the water cut at a normal retaining level (NPA) by 500-1 000 m in accordance with 2.3.2.4. 2.3.2.7. In some cases, taking into account the specific sanitary situation and with the appropriate justification, the territory of the second belt can be increased in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision. 2.3.3. Borders of the third belt 2.3.3.1. The boundaries of the third zone of SSS of surface water supply sources on the watercourse upstream and downstream coincide with the boundaries of the second belt. The lateral borders should pass along the line of watersheds within 3-5 km, including tributaries. The boundaries of the third belt of the surface source on the reservoir completely coincide with the boundaries of the second belt.2.4. Determining the boundaries of the WSS of waterworks and pipelines
2.4.1. The zone of sanitary protection of water supply facilities located outside the water intake area is represented by the first belt (strict regime), water conduits - with a sanitary protection stripe. 2.4.2. The boundary of the first belt of the WSS of waterworks is taken at a distance: from the walls of reserve and regulating tanks, filters and contact clarifiers - at least 30 m; from water towers - at least 10 m; from other premises (sedimentation tanks, reagent farm , warehouse of chlorine, pumping stations, etc.) - not less than 15 m. Notes. 1. In agreement with the Center of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance, the first belt of SSS for independent water towers, depending on their design features, may not be established. 2. When the water distribution facilities are located on the territory of the facility, these distances may be reduced in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, but not less than 10 m. 2.4.3. The width of the sanitary protection strip should be taken on either side of the extreme water lines: a) in the absence of groundwater at least 10 m with a diameter of the water lines to 1,000 mm and not less than 20 m with a diameter of the water lines more than 1,000 mm; b) in the presence of groundwater - at least 50 m, regardless of the diameter of the water lines. If necessary, it is allowed to reduce the width of the sanitary protection zone for water lines passing through the built-up area, in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision. 2.4.4. In the presence of a chlorine supply depot on the territory of the water distribution facilities, the dimensions of the sanitary protection zone to residential and public buildings shall be established taking into account the safety rules for the production, storage, transportation and use of chlorine.3. Main activities on the territory of the ZSO
3.1. General requirements
3.1.1. Activities are envisaged for each ZSO belt in accordance with its purpose. They can be a one-time, carried out before the beginning of operation of water intake, or a permanent regime. 3.1.2. The volume of the following main activities on the territory of the SIZ, if there is an appropriate justification, should be clarified and supplemented with reference to specific natural conditions and sanitary conditions, taking into account the current and prospective economic use of the territory in the area of SIZ.3.2. Activities on the territory of the federal district of underground sources of water supply *
3.2.1. Activities for the first belt 3.2.1.1. The territory of the first zone of the ZSO should be planned for drainage of the surface runoff beyond its boundaries, planted, fenced and provided with protection. Pathways to structures must have a hard coating. * The aim of the measures is to preserve the constancy of the natural water composition in the water intake by eliminating and preventing the possibility of its contamination. 3.2.1.2. Not allowed: landing of high-tree trees, all types of construction, not directly related to the operation, reconstruction and expansion of water supply facilities, incl. the laying of pipelines for various purposes, the placement of residential and utility buildings, people living, the use of pesticides and fertilizers. 3.2.1.3. Buildings should be equipped with sewerage with wastewater discharged to the nearest domestic or industrial sewerage system or to local sewage treatment plants located outside the first zone of the WSS, taking into account the sanitary regime in the territory of the second belt. In exceptional cases, in the absence of sewerage, watertight receptacles of sewage and household waste located in places that exclude contamination of the territory of the first zone of the SZO during their export should be arranged. 3.2.1.4. Water facilities located in the first zone of the sanitary protection zone should be equipped with a view to preventing the possibility of contaminating drinking water through the heads and wellheads, manholes and overflow pipes of tanks and devices for pouring pumps. 3.2.1.5. All intakes must be equipped with equipment to systematically monitor the compliance of the actual production rate with the operation of the pipeline designed capacity, provided for its design and justification of the boundaries of the ZSO. 3.2.2. Activities for the second and third belts 3.2.2.1. Identify, tampon or restore all old, inactive, defective or improperly exploited wells that present a danger with respect to the possibility of contamination of aquifers. 3.2.2.2. Drilling of new wells and new construction related to the disturbance of the soil cover is carried out with obligatory coordination with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision. 3.2.2.3. Prohibition of injection of waste water into underground horizons, underground storage of solid waste and development of the earth's interior. 3.2.2.4. Prohibition of the storage of fuel and lubricants, pesticides and mineral fertilizers, storage tanks of industrial wastes, slurry tanks and other objects that cause the danger of chemical contamination of groundwater. The location of such facilities is allowed within the third zone of the ZSO only when protected groundwater is used, provided that special measures are taken to protect the aquifer from contamination in the presence of a sanitary and epidemiological report of the Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance issued in view of the conclusion of the bodies of geological control. 3.2.2.5. Timely implementation of the necessary measures for the sanitary protection of surface waters having a direct hydrological connection with the aquifer in use, in accordance with the hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters. 3.2.3. Activities for the second belt In addition to the activities specified in section 3.2.2, the following additional measures are to be carried out within the second zone of the SZZ of underground water sources. 3.2.3.1. It is not allowed to: place cemeteries, cattle cemeteries, suction fields, filtration fields, manure storages, silo trenches, livestock and poultry enterprises and other objects that cause the danger of microbial contamination of groundwater; application of fertilizers and pesticides; cutting of the main forest and reconstruction. 3.2.3.2. Implementation of measures for the sanitary improvement of the territory of settlements and other facilities (sewerage equipment, the installation of watertight cesspools, the organization of tapping of surface runoff, etc.).3.3. Activities in the territory of the SOS of surface water sources "
3.3.1. Activities for the first belt 3.3.1.1. On the territory of the first belt of the SOS of the surface water supply source, the measures specified in 3.2.1.2, 3.2.1.2, 3.2.1.3. ____________ * The aim of the measures is to minimize the microbial and chemical contamination of water sources of water supply, which, with modern processing technology, ensures the production of drinking water. 3.3.1.2. It is not allowed to discharge any sewage, incl. sewage of water transport, as well as bathing, washing clothes, watering cattle and other types of water use, affecting the quality of water. The water area of the first belt is protected by buoys and other warning signs. On navigable reservoirs above the water intake, buoys with lighting should be installed. 3.3.2. Activities for the second and third belts of the ZSO 3.3.2.1. Identification of objects polluting the sources of water supply, with the development of specific water protection measures, provided by sources of financing, contractors and coordinated with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Center. 3.3.2.2. Regulation of the allocation of territory for the new construction of residential, industrial and agricultural facilities, as well as the harmonization of technology changes in existing enterprises associated with increasing the risk of contamination by sewage water supply. 3.3.2.3. Preventing the diversion of wastewater in the catchment area of the water supply source, including its tributaries, which do not meet the hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters. 3.3.2.4. All works, incl. extraction of sand, gravel, dredging within the water area of the ZSO are allowed in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision only when justifying the hydrological calculations for the absence of deterioration of water quality in the water intake section. 3.3.2.5. The use of chemical methods for controlling eutrophication of water bodies is allowed provided that preparations that have a positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation are used. 3.3.2.6. In the presence of navigation, it is necessary to equip ships, landing stages and firewalls with devices for the collection of fan and subglacial waters and solid waste; Equipment on the docks of drain stations and receivers for the collection of solid waste. 3.3.3. Activities for the second belt In addition to the activities specified in section 3.3.2, within the second zone of the SOS of surface water sources, the activities of paragraphs 3.2.2.4, paragraph 1, 3.2.3.1, 3.2.3.2, as well as the following are subject to implementation. 3.3.3.1. There is no logging of the main use and reconstruction forests, as well as the fixing of standing timber and the logging fund for long-term use for logging enterprises. Only logging and sanitary felling of the forest are allowed. 3.3.3.2. Prohibition of the location of camps and grazing, as well as any other use of a reservoir and land, forest land within a coastal strip of at least 500 m width, which can lead to deterioration in quality or a decrease in the amount of water from the source of water supply. 3.3.3.3. The use of water sources within the second zone of SOS for bathing, hiking, water sports and fishing is allowed in established places, provided that hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters, as well as hygienic requirements for recreational areas of water bodies, are observed. 3.3.3.4. Within the boundaries of the second zone of the sanitary protection zone, the discharge of industrial, agricultural, urban and storm sewage is prohibited, the content of which in chemical substances and microorganisms exceeds the hygienic standards of water quality established by sanitary regulations. 3.3.3.5. The boundaries of the second zone of the ZSO at the intersection of roads, hiking trails, etc. are designated by posts with special signs (annex 2).3.4. Measures for the sanitary-protective strip of waterways
3.4.1. There should be no sources of contamination of soil and groundwater within the sanitary protection zone of water lines. 3.4.2. It is not allowed to lay water conduits in the territory of landfills, wastewater fields, filtration fields, irrigation fields, cemeteries, cattle cemeteries, as well as laying of main water conduits through the territory of industrial and agricultural enterprises.Annex 1
The program of studying sources of drinking water supply
1. Underground sources
1.1. The geological structure of the area of the location of the source and the general characteristic of its hydrogeological conditions; type of the selected aquifer (artesian - pressure head, ground - non-pressure), depth (absolute mark) of the roofing of the aquifer, capacity, water-bearing rocks (sands, gravel, fractured limestones); conditions and places of feeding and unloading of the aquifer; general information on the water availability of the horizon (operational reserves); information on the existing and future use of the aquifer for water supply and other purposes. 1.2. General information on the hydrogeological conditions of the area (field), the conditions for feeding aquifers proposed for use in water supply, the topographic, soil and sanitary characteristics of the water intake area, the characteristics of the aquifer planned for operation (lithological composition, thickness, protection of the aquifer by overlapping rocks, dynamic water level at design water abstraction). 1.3. Data on the permeability of layers overlapping the seams, data on the possible effect of the feeding zone on water quality. 1.4. Sanitary characteristics of the area immediately adjacent to the water intake; distance from water intake to possible sources of water pollution: abandoned wells, absorbing funnels, dips, wells, abandoned mine workings, storage tanks, etc.
2. Surface sources
2.1. Hydrological data: catchment area, surface runoff mode, maximum, minimum and average costs, speed and water level at the water intake site, average freezing and opening times, estimated discharge of used water and its compliance with the minimum flow in the source, data on the characteristic of tidal currents. 2.2. General sanitary characteristic of the basin in the part that can affect the water quality at the water intake: the nature of the geological structure of the basin, the soil, vegetation, the presence of forests, croplands, populated areas; industrial enterprises (their number, size, location, nature of production); The reasons that influence or can influence the deterioration of water quality in a water body, the ways and places of disposal of solid and liquid wastes in the source area; presence of domestic, industrial wastewater polluting the reservoir, the amount of wastewater discharged, facilities for their cleaning and their location; distance from the place of draining of sewage to water intake; the presence of other possible causes of pollution of the source (navigation, rafting, watering, winter dumps on ice, bathing, water sports, land reclamation, use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, etc.). Characteristics of the self-cleaning capacity of the reservoir. For reservoirs, in addition, indicate: the area of the mirror and the volume of the reservoir, the useful and "dead" volume, the regime of nutrition and use, the water in the reservoir, the reservoir plan, its maximum and minimum depth, the nature of the bottom, shores, bottom sediments, , overgrowing, silting, the direction of the prevailing winds and currents, the speed of movement of water in the reservoir.
3. General Information
3.1. Data on the possibility of organizing the sanitary protection zone of the water supply source, the approximate boundaries of the sanitary protection zone along its individual belts. 3.2. Data on the need for treatment of the source water (disinfection, clarification, deironing, etc.) 3.3. Data on adjacent water intakes with the same feeding area (location, productivity, water quality).
State-sanitary-epidemiological rationing
Russian Federation
State sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations
2.1.4. DRINKING WATER AND WATER SUPPLY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Zones of sanitary protection of sources of water supply and water pipes for drinking purposes
Sanitary rules and regulations
SanPiN2.1.4.1110-02
Ministry of Health of Russia
Moscow2002
1. Developed by the Department of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene of the Moscow Academy of Medical Sciences. THEM. Sechenov (Prof. Mazaev VT, Associate Professor Shlepnina TG), Research Institute of Human and Environmental Hygiene them. A.N. Sysina RAMS (Candidate of Medical Science Nedachin AE), Federal Center for Sanitary Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Kudryavtsev BM), Ph.D. Gasilina MM, with the participation of the Department of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Ministry of Health of Russia (AP Veselov).
3. Approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation G.G. Onischenko on the 26th of February 2002.
4. The decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on March 14, 2002 No. 10 was implemented as of June 1, 2002.
5. Registered in the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on April 24, 2002. Registration number is 3399.
6. Sanitary regulations and norms "Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and water supply lines for domestic and drinking water supply." SanPiN2.1.4.027-95 "from the moment of introduction of SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02, force (Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 14 March 2002 No. 11).
APPROVED
The main state
sanitary doctor of the Russian Federation
Federation - First Deputy
Minister of Health
Russian Federation
GG Onishchenko
2.1.4. DRINKING WATER AND WATER SUPPLY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Zones of sanitary protection of sources
water supply and water supply
drinking purposes
Sanitary rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02
1. General Provisions
1.1. Sanitary rules and norms (SanPiN) "Sanitary protection zones for sources of water supply and drinking water pipelines" are developed on the basis of the Federal Law "On Sanitary and Epidemiological Well-being" of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, 1650), Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2000, No. 554, which approved the Regulations for the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulation on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service ration "(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 31, Article 3295).
1.2. The sanitary and hygienic rules and regulations determine the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization and operation of sanitary protection zones (SZOs) for water supply sources and drinking water pipelines.
1.3.Following of sanitary rules is mandatory for citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities.
1.4. Zones of sanitary protection are organized on all water pipes, regardless of the departmental supplies that supply water from both surface and underground sources.
The main purpose of creating and providing a regime in the ZSS is sanitary protection from contamination of sources of water supply and waterworks, as well as the territories where they are located.
1.5. The sanitary protection zones are organized in three belts: the first belt (strict regime) includes the territory of the location of water intakes, sites of all waterworks and the water channel. Its purpose is to protect the water intake and water intake facilities from accidental or deliberate pollution and damage. The second and third belts (belts of restrictions) include a territory designed to prevent water pollution from sources of water supply.
Sanitary protection of water conduits is provided by a sanitary-protective strip.
In each of the three belts, as well as within the sanitary protection zone, according to their purpose, a special regime is established and a set of measures aimed at preventing deterioration of water quality is established.
1.6.Organizatsii ZSO must be preceded by the development of its draft, which includes:
a) determination of the boundaries of the zone and its constituent belts;
b) a plan of measures to improve the sanitary condition of the territory of the Federal District and prevent contamination of the source;
c) the rules and the economic use of the territories of the three belts of the ZSO.
When developing a draft SOS for large water pipelines, provision is made for the SIZ containing the hygienic basis for their organization for the water supply system.
1.7.Determination of SSS boundaries and development of a complex of necessary organizational, technical, hygienic and anti-epidemic measures depend on the type of water supply sources (underground or surface) designed or used for drinking water supply, on the degree of their natural protection and possible microbial or chemical contamination.
1.8. Pipelines with underwater intake of ZSOs should be organized as for a surface water supply source.
The pipelines with artificial replenishment of groundwater SSS are organized both for a surface source (with respect to water intake for infiltration pools) and for underground sources (to protect infiltration pools and production wells).
1.9. The primary decision on the possibility of organizing a ZSS is adopted by the project of the district planning plan or the master plan when the source of water supply is selected. In the general plans for the development of populated areas of the sanitary protection zones of water supply sources are indicated on the plan for planning restrictions.
When a source of domestic and drinking water supply is selected for an individual facility, the possibility of organizing a SSS should be determined at the stage of selecting a site for the construction of a water intake.
1.10. The sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the selection to the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision center, the customer presents materials characterizing the source of water supply, incl. the approximate boundaries of the DSO and possible sources of pollution. The volume of materials is defined in the annex. 1.
The act of choosing a site (route) is signed if there is a positive sanitary and epidemiological report of the center for state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance.
1.11. The SST project should be an integral part of the project for domestic and drinking water supply and should be developed simultaneously with the latter. For existing water pipelines that do not have designated sanitary protection zones, the design of the SSS is being developed specifically.
1.12. The design of the ZSO should include a textual part, cartographic material, a list of the planned activities, agreed with land users, the terms of their execution and performers.
1.12.1. The text part should contain:
a) characterization of the sanitary condition of water supply sources;
b) the analysis of water in the amount provided for by existing sanitary norms and regulations;
c) hydrological data (basic parameters and their dynamics over time) - near-surface source of water supply or hydro-geological data - near-ground source;
d) data characterizing the mutual influence of a subterranean source and a surface water body with the presence of a hydraulic link between them;
e) data on the prospects of construction in the vicinity of the source of drinking water supply, incl. residential, industrial and agricultural facilities;
f) the identification of the boundaries of the first, second and third belts of the ZSO with the appropriate justification and a list of measures with an indication of the deadlines for implementation and responsible organizations, individual entrepreneurs, identifying the sources of financing;
g) rules and the economic use of the territories included in the zone of sanitary protection of all belts.
1.12.2. The cartographic material should be presented in the following volume:
a) a situational plan with the projected boundaries of the second and third belts of the ZSOs and the introduction of water intake sites and sites for water supply facilities, a source of water supply and a basin of its supply (with tributaries) on a scale - a near-surface source of water supply - 1:50 000 - 1: 100 000, : 10,000 - 1: 25,000;
b) hydrological profiles along characteristic directions within the feeding area of water intake - with an underground water supply source;
c) the first zone of the SSS at a scale of 1: 500 - 1: 1,000;
d) the plan of the second and third belts of the ZSO on a scale of 1:10 000 - 1:25 000 - with a subsurface source and at a scale of 1:25 000 - 1:50 000 - with a surface water source with the deposition of all objects located on the given territory.
1.13. The SSR project with the action plan should have a conclusion of the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision center and other interested organizations, after which it is approved in the established order.
1.14.The established boundaries of the ZSOs and its constituent belts can be revised in the case of arising or forthcoming changes in the operation of sources of water supply (including the productivity of groundwater abstraction) or local sanitary conditions for the conclusion of the organizations specified in paragraph 1.13 of this SanPiN. The design and approval of new boundaries of FZOs should be performed in the same order as the initial ones.
1.15.Sanitary measures should be carried out:
a) within the first zone of the ZSO - by the municipal authorities or other owners of the water pipelines;
b) within the second and third belts of ZSO - the owners of facilities that have (or can have) a negative impact on water quality of water supply sources.
1.16.The state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance in the territory of the ZSS is carried out by the bodies and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation by developing the monitor for conducting hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, coordinating water-conservation activities and monitoring the quality of the source water.
1.17. The lack of an approved draft of the ZSO is not a basis for the release of water conduit owners, owners of facilities located within the boundaries of the ZSO, organizations, individual entrepreneurs, and citizens from fulfilling the requirements imposed by these sanitary rules and regulations.
2. Determination of the boundaries of belts of SSS
2.1. Factors determining SSS
2.1.1. The extent of the spread of contamination depends on:
Source of water supply (surface or underground);
The nature of pollution (microbial or chemical);
The degree of natural protection from surface contamination (for underground sources);
Hydrogeological or hydrological conditions.
2.1.2. The time of survival of microorganisms (2 zones) must be taken into account in determining the size of the ZOS belts, and for the chemical contamination the range of distribution, taking its composition into an aquatic environment stable (3 zones).
Other factors limiting the possibility of the spread of microorganisms (adsorption, water temperature, etc.), as well as the ability of chemical impurities to transform and reduce their concentration under the influence of physical and chemical processes occurring in sources of water supply (sorption, precipitation, etc.) can be taken into account if the laws of these processes are sufficiently studied.
2.2. Determination of the boundaries of the ZCO belts of an underground source
2.2.1. Borders of the first belt
2.2.1.1. Water abstractions of groundwater should be located outside the territory of industrial enterprises and residential buildings. Location on the territory of an industrial enterprise or residential development is possible with proper justification. The boundary of the first belt is established at a distance of at least 30 m from the water intake
The use of protected groundwater and at a distance of not less than 50 m - the use of insufficiently protected groundwater.
The boundary of the first SOS zone of the group of underground water intakes should be located at a distance of less than 30 and 50 m from the extreme wells.
For water intake from protected groundwater located on the site, excluding the possibility of contamination of soil and groundwater, the size of the first zone of the WSZ is allowed to be reduced, subject to hydrogeological justification, to a consultation with the Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance.
2.2.1.2. Protected underground waters include pressure and non-pressure inter-reservoir waters that have a continuous waterproof roof within all ZSO belts, excluding the possibility of local feeding from overlying inadequately protected aquifers.
Unprotected groundwaters include:
a) groundwater, that is, groundwaters of the first from the surface of the earth, a non-pressure water column that receives food on the area of its distribution;
b) pressure and interstitial interstitial water that, under natural conditions or as a result of the operation of water intake, feeds on the area of SSS from overlying inadequately protected aquifers through hydrogeological windows or permeable roof rocks, as well as from watercourses and reservoirs by direct hydraulic communication.
2.2.1.3. For artificial floods with artificial replenishment of underground water resources, the boundary of the first stage is established as for an underground insufficiently protected source of water supply, at a distance of not less than 50 m from the water intake and at least 100 m of the otin-filtration structures (basins, canals, etc.).
2.2.1.4. Borders of the first belt of infiltration water intakes of groundwater include a coastal area between the water intake and surface water body, if the distance between them is less than 150 m.
2.2.2.1. The definition of the boundaries of the second and third belts should take into account that the inflow of subterranean waters from the aquifer to the water intake occurs only the power of the water intake, the shape and size of which depend on:
Tipavodozabora (separate wells, groups of wells, linear series of wells, horizontal drains, etc.);
Values of water intake (water discharge) and lowering the level of groundwater;
Hydrological features of the aquifer, its feeding conditions and drainage.
2.2.2.2. The boundary of the second belt of SSS is determined by hydrodynamic calculations, based on the studies that microbial contamination entering the aquifer beyond the second belt does not reach the water intake.
The main parameters determining the distance from the boundaries of the second zone of the ZOS to the water intake are the time for the advancement of microbial contamination with the flow of groundwater to the quarantine (T m). When defining the boundaries of the second belt T mis taken from Table. 1.
TimeTM - calculation of the boundaries of the 2nd ZOS belt
| Hydrogeological conditions | T m (in the day) |
|
| Within the limits of I and II climatic regions | Within the III climatic region * |
|
| I. Insufficiently protected groundwater (groundwater, as well as pressure and non-pressure interstitial water, having direct hydraulic communication with an open reservoir) | ||
| 2. Protected underground waters (pressure and non-pressure inter-reservoir waters that do not have direct hydraulic connection with an open reservoir) | ||
| * Climatic areas in accordance with the existing SNiP. |
||
2.2.2.3. The boundary of the third SOS belt, designed to protect the aquifer layer of chemical pollution, is also determined by hydrodynamic calculations. At the same time, one should proceed from the fact that the time of movement of chemical contamination to the quarantine must be greater than the calculated T x.
T x is adopted as the lifetime of the water intake (the usual lifetime of the harvesting operation is 25-50 years).
If the reserves of groundwater provide an unlimited lifetime of water abstraction, the third belt should ensure a correspondingly longer preservation of the quality of groundwater.
2.2.2.4. For infiltrative water intake of underground waters, it is necessary to install the second and third belts of SOS and for the surface reservoir feeding it, in accordance with § 2.3.2 and 2.3.3.
2.2.2.5. The determination of the boundaries of the second and third directions of the ZSO underground sources of water supply for various hydrogeological conditions is carried out in accordance with the methods of hydrogeological calculations.
2.3. Determining the boundaries of the ZCO belts of the surface source
2.3.1. Borders of the first belt
2.3.1.1. The boundary of the first zone of the ASW water pipeline with a surface source is established, taking into account specific conditions, within the following limits:
a) for watercourses:
Upstream - not less than 200 m of the takeoff;
Downstream - not less than 100 m of the takeoff;
On the shore adjacent to the water intake - no less than 100 m from the water line of the summer-autumn meadow;
In the direction to the opposite bank of the bank, if the width of the river or canal is less than 100 m, the entire water area and the opposite shore 50 m wide from the water-cut line in summer-autumn use, with a river or channel width of more than 100 m - a strip of water less than 100 m wide;
b) for the reservoirs (reservoirs, lakes), the boundary of the first belt should be established depending on local sanitary and hydrological conditions, but not less than 100 m in all directions along the water area of the water intake and along the shore adjacent to the water intake from the water cutoff line of the autumn-autumn meadow.
Note: at the water intake of the ladle type, the limits of the first zone of the SOS include the whole bucket area.
2.3.2. Borders of the second belt
2.3.2.1. The boundaries of the second belt of SOS waterways (rivers, canals) and reservoirs (reservoirs, lakes) are determined depending on natural, climatic and hydrological conditions.
2.3.2.2. The boundary of the second belt on the watercourse for microbial self-purification should be removed upstream of the water intake so that the running time along the main watercourse and its tributaries, the 95% water supply in the watercourse, was at least 5 days - forI A, B, C and D, as well asII A climatic region, and at least 3 days-forI D, II B, C, D, as well as III climatic region.
The water velocity in m / day is assumed to be averaged over the width and length of the watercourse, or for its individual sections, by pruning fluctuations in the flow velocity.
2.3.2.3. The boundary of the second belt of the SOS water-current downstream must be determined taking into account the elimination of the influence of wind-deflecting currents, but not less than 250 m from the water intake.
2.3.2.4. The lateral boundaries of the second SOS belt of water cutoff during the summer-autumn mezhanee should be located at a distance:
a) with a flat terrain - no less than 500 m;
b) with a mountainous terrain - to the top of the first slope facing the water supply source, but not less than 750 m with a gentle slope and at least 1,000 m at steep.
2.3.2.5. The boundary of the second zone of the SOS on the reservoirs should be removed along the water area in all directions from the water intake to a distance of 3 km - in the presence of windwaters up to 10% and 5 km - in the presence of drought winds of more than 10%.
2.3.2.6. The boundary of the ZSO belt in the basins of the territory should be removed in both directions along the shore by 3 or 5 km in accordance with 2.3.2.5 and from the water cut at a normal retaining level (NPA) by 500-1 000 m in accordance with clause 2.3 .2.4.
2.3.2.7. In some cases, taking into account the specific sanitary situation and with the appropriate justification, the territory of the second belt can be increased in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
2.3.3. Borders of the third belt
2.3.3.1. The boundaries of the third zone of surface water sources on the watercourse upstream and downstream coincide with the boundaries of the second belt. The lateral boundaries must pass along the line of water within 3-5 km, including the tributaries. The boundaries of the third belt of the surface source on the reservoir completely coincide with the boundaries of the second hemisphere.
2.4. Determining the boundaries of WSS and pipelines
2.4.1. The zone of sanitary protection of waterworks located outside the water intake area is represented by the first belt (strict regime), water conduits - sanitary protection stripe.
2.4.2. The boundary of the first zone of the WSS of waterworks is adopted at a distance:
From walls of spare and regulating tanks, filters and contact clarifiers - not less than 30 m;
From water towers - not less than 10 m;
From the rest of the premises (sedimentation tanks, reagent farm , warehouse of chlorine, pumping stations, etc.) - not less than 15m.
Notes.
1. In agreement with the Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance, the first zone of the ZSZ for stand-alone water towers, depending on their design features, may not be established.
2. The location of water supply facilities on the territory of the facility can be reduced in accordance with the agreement of the state sanitary and epidemiological supervision center, but not less than 10 meters.
2.4.3. The width of the sanitary-protective strip should be taken on both sides of the extreme water lines:
a) in the absence of groundwater at least 10 m at the diameter of the water lines to 1,000 mm and at least 20 m with a diameter of the water lines more than 1,000 mm;
b) in the presence of groundwater - not less than 50 mV not depending on the diameter of the water lines.
If necessary, it is allowed to reduce the width of the sanitary protection zone for waterways passing through the built-up area, in agreement with the center of the state sanitary-epidemiological surveillance.
2.4.4. In the presence of a chlorine supply warehouse for the location of waterworks, the dimensions of the sanitary protection zone to residential and public buildings shall be established taking into account the safety rules for the production, storage, transport and use of chlorine.
3. Main activities in the territory of ZSOs
3.1. General requirements
3.1.1. The events are envisaged for each ZSO belt in accordance with its purpose. They can be simultaneous, carried out prior to the beginning of the operation of the water intake, or by a permanent regime.
3.1.2. The scope of the following main activities on the territory of the SZO, if there is an appropriate justification, should be clarified and supplemented in relation to specific environmental conditions and the sanitary situation, taking into account the current and prospective economic use of the territory in the area of SIZ.
3.2. Measures on the territory of ZSO underground sources of water supply *
3.2.1. Activities for the first belt
3.2.1.1. The territory of the first belt of the ZSO should be planned for drainage of the surface runoff beyond its boundaries, planted with greenery, fenced and provided with protection. Pathways to structures must have a hard coating
_________
* The purpose of the event is to maintain the constancy of the natural water composition in the water intake by eliminating and preventing the possibility of its contamination.
3.2.1.2. Not allowed: planting of high-tree trees, all types of construction, not directly related to the operation, reconstruction and expansion of water supply facilities, including the laying of pipelines for various purposes, the placement of residential and household buildings, people living, the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
3.2.1.3. Buildings should be equipped with sewerage to the nearest domestic or industrial sewerage system or to local sewage treatment plants located outside the first zone of the WSS, taking into account the sanitary regime in the second zone.
In exceptional cases, if there is no localization, watertight receivers of sewage and household waste should be arranged located in places that exclude contamination of the territory of the first zone of the SSR during their export.
3.2.1.4. Water facilities located in the first zone of the sanitary protection zone should be equipped with the aim of preventing the possibility of drinking water contamination through the well heads and wells, manholes and overflow pipes of reservoirs and pouring devices of pumps.
3.2.1.5. All intakes must be equipped with equipment to systematically control the compliance of actual production with the operation of the water pipeline designed capacity, provided for its design and justification of the boundaries of the BSS.
3.2.2. Events at the second and third stages
3.2.2.1. Identification, tamponing or restoration of all old, inactive, defective or improperly exploited wells, representing a danger with respect to the possibility of contamination of aquifers.
3.2.2.2. Drilling of new wells and new construction related to the disturbance of the soil cover is carried out by adherence to the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
3.2.2.3. Prohibition of the injection of waste water into subterranean horizons, underground storage of solid waste and the development of subsoil.
3.2.2.4. Prohibition of the placement of warehouses of combustible and lubricating materials, pesticides and mineral fertilizers, storage tanks, sludge storages and other objects that cause the danger of chemical pollution of groundwater.
The location of such objects is allowed within the boundaries of the third zone of the ZSO only with the use of protected groundwater, provided that special measures are taken to protect the aquifer from contamination in the presence of a sanitary and epidemiological report of the central state sanitary and epidemiological supervision issued in view of the conclusions of the bodies of geological control.
3.2.2.5. Timely implementation of the necessary measures for the sanitary protection of surface waters that have a direct hydrological connection with the aquifer in use, in accordance with the hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters.
3.2.3. Activities for the second belt
In addition to the activities specified in section 3.2.2, the following additional measures are to be carried out within the second zone of the SOS of underground water sources.
3.2.3.1. Not allowed:
Placement of cemeteries, cattle cemeteries, field of segregation, filtration fields, manure storages, silo trenches, livestock and poultry enterprises and other objects that cause the danger of microbial contamination of groundwater;
Application of fertilizers and pesticides;
Felling of the main forest and reconstruction.
3.2.3.2. Implementation of measures for sanitary improvement of the territory of settlements and other objects (equipment with sewerage, installation of watertight cesspools, organization of diversion of surface runoff, etc.).
3.3. Measures on the territory of the Western surface water supply sources "
3.3.1. Activities for the first belt
3.3.1.1. On the territory of the first zone of the surface water source, the measures specified in 3.2.1.2, 3.2.1.2, 3.2.1.3.
____________
* The purpose of the event is to minimize the microbial and chemical contamination of water supply sources, which, with modern processing technology, can provide drinking water quality.
3.3.1.2. It is not allowed to lower any sewer, incl. sewage water transport, as well as bathing, washing clothes, watering cattle and other types of water use, affecting the quality of water.
The water area of the first belt is protected by buoys and other warning signs. On the navigable reservoirs above the water intake there must be installed buoys with illumination.
3.3.2. Activities at the second and third stages of the ZSO
3.3.2.1. Identification of objects polluting the sources of water supply, with the development of specific water protection measures provided by sources of financing, contractors and coordinated with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance.
3.3.2.2. Regulation of the allocation of territory for the new construction of residential, industrial and agricultural facilities, as well as the coordination of changes in technologies of existing enterprises, related to the increase in the degree of danger of pollution by sewage from the source of water supply.
3.3.2.3. Preventing the diversion of wastewater in the catchment area of the water supply source, including its tributaries, which do not meet the hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters.
3.3.2.4. All works, incl. extraction of sand, gravel, dredging within the water area of the FZS are allowed by agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision only on the basis of hydrological calculations of the absence of deterioration of water quality in the water intake.
3.3.2.5. The use of chemical methods of fighting with the eutrophication of water bodies is allowed under the condition of using drugs that have a positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation.
3.3.2.6. In the presence of navigation, equipment for ships, landing stages and firewalls with devices for collection of fan and sub-water and solid waste is necessary; equipment at the docks of drain stations and receivers for collection of solid waste.
3.3.3. Activities for the second belt
In addition to the measures specified in section 3.3.2, within the second zone of the SSR, surface water supply sources are subject to fulfillment of the activities of paragraphs 3.2.2.4, paragraph 1, 3.2.3.1, 3.2.3.2, and the following.
3.3.3.1. There is no logging of the forest of main use and reconstruction, as well as the consolidation of timber for logging enterprises at the root and the long-term use timber fund. Only harvesting and sanitary felling of the forest are allowed.
3.3.3.2. Prohibition of the location of camps and livestock, as well as any other use of a reservoir and land, forest land within a coastal strip of at least 500 m width, which can lead to deterioration in quality or a decrease in the amount of water supplied to the water supply.
3.3.3.3. Use of sources of water supply within the second zone of SOS for bathing, tourism, water sports and fishing is allowed in the established places, subject to hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters, as well as hygienic requirements to recreational areas of water bodies.
3.3.3.4. Within the boundaries of the second zone of the sanitary protection zone, the discharge of industrial, agricultural, urban and storm sewage is prohibited, the content of which in chemical substances of microorganisms exceeds the hygienic standards of water quality established by sanitary rules.
3.3.3.5. The boundaries of the second zone of the ZSO on the intersection of roads, hiking trails, etc. are designated by posts with special signs (annex 2).
3.4. Measures for the sanitary-protective strip of conduits
3.4.1. There should be no sources of contamination of soil and groundwater within the sanitary protection zone.
3.4.2. It is not allowed to lay waterways of garbage dumps, sifting fields, filtration fields, irrigation fields, cemeteries, cattle cemeteries, as well as laying of main water pipelines of industrial and agricultural enterprises.
Annex 1
The program of studying sources of drinking water supply
1. Underground sources
1.1. The geological structure of the area of the location of the source and the general characteristics of its hydrogeological conditions, the type of aquifer chosen (artesian - pressure, ground-free), the depth (absolute elevation) of the bedding of the aquifer, the thickness, water-bearing rocks (sand, gravel, fractured limestone); conditions and places of feeding and unloading of the aquifer; community studies on the water availability of the horizon (operational reserves); information on the ongoing and future use of the aquifer for water supply and other purposes.
1.2. General information on the hydrogeological conditions of the area (field), the conditions for feeding the aquifers expected to be used for water supply, the topographic, soil and sanitary characteristics of the water intake area, the characteristics of the water-bearing horizon planned for operation (lithological composition, thickness, protection of the aquifer by overlapping rocks, water abstraction).
1.3. Data on water permeability of layers, overlapping seams, data on the possible influence of the feeding zone on the quality of water.
1.4. Sanitary characteristics of the area immediately adjacent to the water intake; distance from water intake to possible sources of water pollution: abandoned wells, absorbing funnels, dips, wells, abandoned mine workings, storage tanks, etc.
2. Surface sources
2.1. Hydrological data: drainage basin, surface runoff regime, maximum, minimum average costs, speed and water level at the water intake site, average time for discharge and opening, estimated water flow rate and its compliance with the minimum flow in the source, and data on the characteristic of tidal currents.
2.2. The overall sanitary characteristics of the basin in its part, which can affect the water quality at the water intake:
Characteristics of the geological structure of the basin, soil, vegetation, the presence of forests, croplands, populated areas;
Industrial enterprises (their number, size, location, nature of production);
Causes that influence or can influence the deterioration of water quality in a water body, the ways and places of disposal of solid and liquid wastes in the area where the source is located; presence of domestic, industrial wastes, polluting the reservoir, the amount of wastewater discharged, facilities for their cleaning and their location;
Distance from the place of discharge of sewage to water intake;
The presence of other possible sources of pollution (shipping, timber floating, watering, winter dumps to ice, bathing, water sports, land reclamation, use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, etc.).
Characteristics of the self-cleaning ability of the reservoir.
2.4. For storage facilities, in addition, the following shall be indicated:
The area of the mirror and the volume of the reservoir, the useful and "dead" volume, the regime of feeding and use, the working out of water in the reservoir, the reservoir plan, its maximum and minimum depth, the nature of the bottom, shores, bottom sediments, the presence of flowering, overgrowing, silting, the direction of prevailing winds and currents, movement of water in the reservoir.
3. General Information
3.1. Data on the possible organization of the sanitary protection zone of the source of water supply, the approximate boundaries of the sanitary protection zone along its individual belts.
3.2. Data on the need for treatment of the source water (disinfection, clarification, deferrization, etc.).
3.3. Data of an osmosis water intake with the same area of supply (location, productivity, water quality).
