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Review of industrial electric boilers of high power. Heating boilers for electricity - types and features of the application

Using electricity as fuel, and electric boilers firmly hold their positions among other types of heat generating plants.

Electric boilers stand out among other appliances that produce heat, ecological purity and relatively low cost. However, the high operating costs caused by the high cost of electricity, negate these benefits. Advantages of the electric boiler are: small overall dimensions, easy installation and operation, noiselessness and no need for smoke duct equipment. Due to this, electric mini-boiler rooms have become widespread as an additional (emergency) heat generator.

In most of the electric boilers, heating of the coolant is carried out by tubular electric heaters - electric heaters installed in the boiler. The number of heaters varies, depending on the model. Thanks parallel connection TEN, if one of them fails, the boiler will continue to function on the others. The ion method of heat generation is also used. In this case, the coolant itself plays the role of a conductor of electricity. The electrodes are located in the tank and when the discharge passes between them, heat is released. However, boilers of this type are demanding for the composition of the coolant. Practically all systems of electric boilers are equipped with circulation pumps and expansion tanks.

To reduce electricity consumption, with an increase in outdoor temperature, electric boiler rooms equipped with an adjustment system that allows you to turn off some of the heaters. Also reduce the operating costs allows the installation of a meter that takes into account the day and night rate. If you install the accumulator, you can accumulate electricity at night and spend it in the daytime. To connect the electric boiler requires a separate line, equipped with safety automatics.

The positive qualities of electric boiler houses

At delivery these systems are completed turnkey. This means that the customer receives the product, equipped with all the units and units necessary for boiler operation. It remains only to install it and connect it to the heating system, as well as to the power supply system. This saves the customer's money and reduces installation time.
Electric boilers operate in automatic mode and do not require constant presence of the operator.
The small overall dimensions and the fact that all the units are integrated in one housing make it possible to install the device directly in a heated room. This is facilitated by the aesthetics of the boiler.
The use of heaters, (TEN) made of stainless steel, is a guarantee of reliability of the device.
In addition, the advantage is the possibility of changing the boiler output as the outside temperature changes. The possibility of changing the boiler temperature within each installed capacity.
The presence of system status indicators, as well as temperature and pressure sensors on the boiler control panel, makes it possible to monitor the operation of the boiler room, including in case of an emergency situation.
The design of the control panel of the mini-boiler house provides for the connection of remote equipment (sensors, timers or other devices) to it.
An electric boiler safety system that meets all modern requirements is a guarantee of its safe operation. If overcurrent currents occur, in any of the power stages, the automation will immediately turn off the power of this stage. The same will happen if there is a short circuit. It is not possible to turn on the boiler when the tank is partially filled with a coolant. When the coolant reaches the critical temperature, the boiler is automatically switched off. The explosion valve protects the boiler from destruction due to excess internal pressure.

Weaknesses of electric boiler plants

It is necessary to check at the electrical substation the possibility of providing the power necessary for the operation of the mini-boiler house and to mount a separate line for connecting the boiler.
It is necessary to provide for the possibility of stopping the mini-boiler room due to interruptions in the supply of electricity both in the event of an accident and when conducting preventive works on the line.

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Individual heating is introduced everywhere, and every year it is becoming more popular. No wonder: an autonomous boiler house makes users independent of state heating mains, allows you to turn the heating on and off at will, and also control its power. In addition, in the long run individual heating saves an impressive amount of money.

Boiler rooms on firewood make sense first of all for objects that are far from gas mains, or in the timber and timber processing industries, which simply do not use liquid or gaseous fuels, and also the issue of waste disposal should be addressed. At the same time, wood-fired boiler houses are suitable for servicing residential, domestic, industrial, social and administrative buildings: in other words, they are completely universal.

Wall mounted boiler

How meaningful is this possibility, like application for home? What kind of food is needed for them? How to connect them correctly? What safety measures should be observed during installation and operation? As you can see, there are a lot of questions, and that's not all. At present, ordinary consumers try to live well in terms of comfort and comfort, which means that the attitude towards heating boilers becomes the most demanding. Nobody wants to mess with the service anymore - everyone wants to install, connect and forget.

Types of electric boilers

First of all, it should be noted that, based on their name, they work directly from the electric current network. That is, the heating medium is heated in contact through the heating elements. Hence the classification, which is based on different heating appliances and appliances.

Boilers with heating elements

The principle of operation of such a heating unit is simple and reliable. The design consists of a container in which several heating elements are mounted. Water, getting into the tank, heats up directly from these elements. The number of required heaters depends on the power of the boiler itself. You can give an example. If you need a boiler with a capacity of twelve kilowatts, then its design must contain six heaters. In this case, the power of each should be two kilowatts.

Typically, such boilers are equipped with a good automation system, which monitors the effective operation of the device as a whole. When the coolant cools, it includes as many heating elements as is necessary at this particular moment to raise the temperature to the set temperature. All operations for setting the operating mode are performed on the control panel.

Currently, manufacturers offer two types of equipment - single-circuit and double-circuit boilers. The design and operation principle of the dual-circuit analog is interesting. This is a conventional single-circuit boiler with an additional installed boiler. This unit operates according to the following principle. If only the heating of the room occurs, then the heating elements in the boiler system are switched on. If there is a need for hot water for household needs, the heating elements of the boiler are switched off, and the boiler is switched on. That is, the work takes place alternately.

The advantages of such a heating unit include simplicity of design, its cheapness, ease of installation and connection. There are no complex knots and constructive elements in it. As a heat carrier, all liquids known to date, used in heating systems, can be used.

Disadvantages also exist. First, large sizes. After all, for heating to work well, it is necessary to heat a large amount of water. Secondly, this is the formation of scale, if ordinary water is used as a coolant.

Electrode boilers

To begin with, water is an electrolyte, that is, a conductor of electric current. This property is given to the salts dissolved in it. But in any case, where there is a dense medium (and water is one), there is always resistance. Go ahead. Where there is resistance, it means that there will necessarily be heat generated during the overcoming of this resistance. These are the laws of physics.

Now about the boiler itself. It establishes two electrodes, on which a potential difference is created. Water, being an electrolyte, begins to pass through itself a current, which heats it. Note that the current inside the coolant will also be variable.

The advantages of such models include the compactness of the design. For them, there is no need for large volumes of water and, accordingly, a volumetric tank. They are often used in open systems heating - without a circulation pump, they are perfectly able to cope with the duties assigned to them. Add simplicity and cheapness of the design - it does not have any complicated parts and details.

Mounting of electrode boilers

In the event that a leakage of the coolant occurs, and the boiler is left without water, nothing terrible will happen. No conductor - no current. In this regard, TEN boilers are inferior in safety. They are equipped with a thermostat, which is responsible for switching off the heating elements. If it does not work, and such situations already existed, then the minimum that can happen is a short circuit. A maximum is a fire. I do not want to frighten anybody and reduce the quality characteristics of TEN units, but every situation must be viewed from all sides.

Since the electrode heating units operate on the principle of heating the coolant by direct electric current, only water can be used as a coolant here. But it should be ordinary tap, because it contains salts that make it an electrolyte. Distilled water in this case will not work. And the last drawback - the electrodes gradually dissolve in the water, which means they will have to be bought and replaced periodically.

Induction boilers

This type of electric heating boiler is a cylindrical housing in which a dielectric tube is mounted, onto which, in turn, a coil is wound. A metal core is inserted into the pipe. The principle of operation of such a system is that an electric current moving along the coil creates an electromagnetic field. Due to electromagnetic induction, an electric current appears in the rod itself. But what is interesting is that there is nowhere to flow in the core of the current, which means that a difference in potentials is starting to be created (we already talked about it in the section on electrode boilers). There is a migration of charged particles inside the metal from which the core is made. This leads to the fact that the latter starts to bask. Here to you and thermal energy.

It would seem that such a complex construction and multistage in the formation of thermal energy should lead to a drop in the efficiency. But this does not happen. Why?

First, there is a reliable external thermal insulation of the device.
Secondly, the insignificant heat, which is released by the winding of the coil, also goes to the heating of the coolant.
Thirdly, the coil emits only induction currents, which are completely absorbed by the core. That is, there are no energy losses.

Induction boilers of new generation 3kW-250kW

Many modern "kulibinas" have learned how to make induction boilers by their own hands. This requires a 50-millimeter cross-linked polyethylene pipe, a wire from the winding of any powerful transformer (it has excellent enamel isolation), a metal rod as a core (this can even be an armature). It is very important to fix the metal rod securely so that it does not touch the edges of the pipe. The latter, in turn, is closed on both sides by press fittings (plugs).

If we talk about the merits, it should be noted that such a boiler can work for a very long time. Its resource is almost unlimited. Such a thick coil winding will last for a long time, the scum does not form scale, and it is not subject to overheating. And if you buy a factory product, then as a guarantee against the leakage of the coolant is an all-in-one construction. And the last plus - to such a boiler there is no difference what kind of coolant to heat, if only it was liquid. But the drawback of such a model is one - it is today an expensive pleasure in terms of both acquisition and operation (it consumes a lot of current).

General Features

All modern heating electric boilers have a number of design and functional features. For example:

Mandatory installation of the automation system, where the main role is played by the thermostat. This device monitors the temperature of the coolant and the switching modes of operation. Today, some models are provided with thermal sensors that are installed outside the structure. They are responsible for controlling the temperature inside the premises.
In nature, there are no electric boilers with a power of less than 3.5 kilowatts, so any model is connected only through a distribution electric cabinet or shield. You can not include these settings in a normal outlet - they do not even have a plug. And do not try to install it. Up to 7.0 kilowatts, the boilers are connected to an alternating current network, higher power units will require a current of 380 volts in your house.
All the electrical energy used to produce heat goes only to heating the coolant. According to the laws of physics, this is a 100% process. And if some kind has an efficiency of less than 100%, then do not blame the principle of the operation of electric boilers - it all depends on the design, insulation and other indicators.

How to calculate power

Calculation of boiler output

Any boiler intended for a heating system is calculated according to the power according to the same principle - one kilowatt per ten square meters of the room area. But do not be surprised and afraid of the resulting figures, because this is the nominal power.

Usually the boiler is gaining necessary heat, heats the house, and afterwards reduces the speed, only maintaining the necessary temperature. Therefore, the costs will not correspond to the calculated capacity.

How to connect the unit correctly

If we consider an electric heating boiler in terms of fire safety, then it meets all standards and requirements. It will simply not be possible to ignite such an aggregate. The only thing that can lead to a fire is incorrectly selected wiring in terms of insufficient cross-section of the wire itself. If the cross-section is small, then there is a high probability of heating and ignition. To properly select the wire, or more precisely, its cross-section, it is necessary to apply the rule known to all electricians - one eight-ampere current per square millimeter of section.

Assortment of modern equipment

The optimal solution for using an electric boiler is its connection to the "warm floor" system. This is due to the fact that among all known sources of heat electric - the most expensive. A warm floor does not require high temperatures, so here you can save a lot. In such situations, wall-mounted electrical units are most often used. They are not only compact, but also are kind of mini-boiler houses, in the construction of which a circulating pump has already been installed and expansion tank, if such is necessary.

In general, with a pump to date in its category is an effective model. Efficiency is due to a uniform distribution of the heat carrier through the heating devices. And this allows not only to evenly distribute heat throughout the rooms, but also save on electricity, lowering the temperature of the coolant itself.

Conclusion on the topic

At present, alternative solutions have appeared for electric boilers. For example, infrared heaters, film warm floor, heat pumps of different types and groups. All this becomes quite a serious obstacle to the rise of popularity. Alternative solutions are easier in everything - in installation, in price, in maintenance. Will electric boilers leave the market or remain? Everything will depend on new design solutions and technologies that will be introduced into this type of equipment.

How are the electric boiler houses? Absolutely easy. Electric boiler room is not much different from water heating. accompanied by the placement of pipes and batteries in the house. A coolant passes through them, the role of which can be performed by water. Heating of the heat carrier takes place by means of tubular electric heaters. And then with the help of the pump, the coolant is distributed along a system of pipes and radiators.

Such electro boiler rooms often are spare when emergencies arise. They are used by various utilities, as well as by technical workers who carry out repair or preventive works. After all, sometimes, if it stops working, it can cause very great damage. However, electric boiler rooms can be not only spare, but also basic.

Advantages of electric boiler houses

Can work not necessarily on electric power. There are other types of fuel. For example, coal or wood, fuel oil or oil, gas. But with all this diversity electric boiler room has its advantages. I must say that electric is cheaper due to the cost of equipment. Therefore, when buying and installing this unit, you will not need large financial investments.

Electric energy is the second type of fuel after gas at a low cost. Therefore, in the absence of centralized gas mains near your home, you can connect such equipment as, for example, electrical. Additional monetary savings will be even more significant if we recall that electric boiler houses do not require any service.

Disadvantages of electric boiler: how to eliminate them?

But do not forget about the shortcomings of electric boiler houses. First of all, the cost of electric energy stops many people who want to buy this equipment. But we will tell you the secret that there is a way to help pay for electricity almost as much as for natural gas.

First of all, you can install a counter that works on two tariffs. At night, energy costs a little, and in the daytime more. Supplement the system with a buffer tank that accumulates heat. At night, the room is heated and the container is heated. In the daytime the counter does not work, as the room heats the buffer tank.

Electric boiler installation with delivery

Automated electrical boiler houses have equipment in a convenient assembled position. Therefore, they are easy to transport from one place to another. The unit has three sectors:

in the first place electric power equipment
in the second - electrode boilers
in the third - additional equipment

All equipment is equipped with automatic control. Therefore, constant presence and interference in the work of specialized personnel is not required. The dispatcher can control such equipment at a great distance.

Construction of an electric boiler in the suburbs

Professional installation of an electric boiler room You are guaranteed by Savard. Our experts carry out, observing all norms and rules established by SNiP. We provide a guarantee for all units that we sell and install.

You can order on any day of the week during business hours. Also you can leave an application through the site, our specialists will call you back in the near future and answer all your questions. We offer our customers only the best from foreign manufacturers at a reasonable price.

Steam and hot water industrial electric boilers of high power are designed for heating and hot water supply of industrial and agricultural facilities. Boiler equipment is also used for heating cottage and suburban settlements.

Types of industrial electric boilers

By technical specifications, industrial electric boilers, are classified into several groups. The differences are related to the principle of heating, functionality and internal device. The main classification is related to the product obtained as a result of the work:

Electric steam boiler - the derivative is superheated water. Depending on the design and internal device, the consumer receives wet or dry steam.
Hot water boiler - works like a conventional boiler equipment, warming the water to a temperature no higher than the boiling point. The boiler is installed where there is no need for steam, to connect to traditional water heating and hot water systems.

Each type of boiler equipment has its strengths and weaknesses, which are important when choosing the right device.

Electric steam boilers

Electric steam boilers for industrial facilities, use the principle of repeated overheating of the coolant. In fact, this means that the heating medium is heated twice before entering the heating system.

The following principle of heat exchange in steam boilers is used:

The water overheats above the boiling point, up to 130 ° C, which leads to increased vaporization.
Steam is sent to a special collector, where the liquid particles are collected and screened out.
Dry steam, sent to reheat.

Double heating of the steam leads to an increase in the pressure in the heat exchanger. At the output, the parameters are from 0.01 MPa to 0.55 MPa. By prior order, it is possible to increase the parameters to 0.8 MPa. For this reason, steam boilers are also called heat generators high pressure. Their operation is justified if it is necessary to obtain dry and wet steam for medium-sized enterprises.

Industrial hot water boilers

Application of hot water boilers for heating production facilities, it is advisable for those enterprises where there is no need for a pair. Heating of the coolant is carried out up to 95-98 ° С. Water, heating, creates a slight pressure in the heating system. For this reason, hot water boilers are called low-pressure boilers.

For industrial purposes, three types of electric boilers are used:

Induction.
TENovye.
Electrode.

In the first two cases, the principle indirect heating coolant. In induction electric boilers, the heating is carried out by using an electromagnetic coil, in the TEN analog, the heating is performed by the surface of the tubular heater.

Electrode boilers of industrial type, are less common, but they use less electricity, approximately 40%. The steam generator with electrodes is manufactured by CEP.

To increase the energy efficiency of industrial electric hot water boilers of high power, installation of additional equipment is required: circulating pumps, indirect heating boiler, etc.

How to choose an electric boiler for production

The choice of a boiler for electric heating is based on several important parameters:

The principle of heating - induction devices, are more expensive, approximately 10-15%, than TEN analogues. But, the lack of the latter, the rapid failure of the tubular heater.
In conditions continuous operation, even with the installation of a filtration and water treatment system, the service life of the heater does not exceed 5-7 years. Induction heater, will work 3-4 times longer. Cheaper ones are electrode boilers.
Number of circuits - electric boiler houses, they work for hot water and heating of industrial enterprises. Possibility of cooking household hot water, there are two-circuit heaters.
Single-circuit models are connected to the DHW via an indirect heating boiler. For industrial use, storage tanks with a capacity of several thousand liters are installed.
Efficiency - industrial electric boilers for heating industrial buildings, induction type and equipped with heaters for electricity consumption, practically do not differ. TEN models, require more investment during operation.
Assembly - the production of boilers is performed by several domestic and foreign companies. Not all heat generators have the same build quality and reliability. Preference is to give time-tested brands.

Advantage of TEN and induction boilers, possibility of connection to energy-saving industrial heating systems. During the seasonal shutdown of production, the anti-freezing mode is set, in which the boiler automatically maintains the heating of the coolant within 10-15 ° C.

Calculation and selection of the boiler

Calculation of an electric boiler for an industrial building is carried out by an exceptionally competent heat engineer engineer. The following parameters are taken into account in the calculations:

Heat loss - it is necessary to audit the building for possible heat loss. After the study, measures are described to reduce heat loss. Based on the results, the required thermal power heater.
The cost of electricity - to each industrial production, allocate a limit of electricity. After calculating the boiler's performance, calculate which model is suitable for heating, without exceeding the set limit. Consider the need for additional equipment in electricity. It may be necessary to increase the limit set by the energy sales company.

Boilers with two circuits, for industrial purposes are extremely rare. For hot water supply, install a separate boiler or continuous water heater. If necessary, use a storage tank of indirect heating, connecting it directly to the heating system.

Manufacturers of industrial boilers

Wanting to save on buying an electric boiler for heating an industrial enterprise, some customers make the mistake of purchasing boiler equipment of poor quality.

The technology of manufacturing industrial electric boilers is rather complicated. Compliance with phased assembly is possible only in the factory. "Samopalnye" devices, at best, will work for several years, after which they will fail, at worst, lead to a fire.

To buy is worth exclusively factory products of proper quality. Judging by the experience of operation, high quality of assembly and reliability, distinguishes electric boilers of the following brands:

Attsu is an Italian manufacturer specializing in the manufacture of industrial steam generators. Maximum output, 3 mW. Boilers Attsu, equipped with a microprocessor controller. It is possible to cascade several devices, in order to increase power.
STEAM ELMO - steam generators, with high steam output. You can choose a model that can produce up to 5000 kg of steam / hour. Boilers STEAM ELMO, installed in the block-modular boiler. The maximum increase in steam production, up to 20,000 kg / h.
CEP - steam generators, with a maximum output of 250 kW. Boilers of electrode type, with a maximum temperature of heating, up to 160 ° С. CEP - a domestic electric boilers, characterized by high efficiency.
EVAN Professional EPO - in the lineup, includes boilers, sizes from 36 to 240 kW. TENN water heating boiler, flow type. Advantage of boiler equipment Evan Professional EPO - microprocessor control, automatic protection, preventing the failure of automation, with voltage drops and during a short circuit.
ZOTA Prom is another domestic TEN electric boiler, which operates to heat the coolant, without the possibility of producing steam. Maximum performance of the model range, 400 kW. Produces 9 m³ of hot water per hour. In ZOTA Prom, tubular heaters made of stainless steel are installed, with a diameter of 13 mm.
ACV E-tech P - German boiler, Belgian assembly. Electric boiler, uses the flow method of heating. The maximum productivity, 260 kw. The series includes single-circuit and double-circuit boilers. Inside the electric boiler ACV E-tech P, a storage tank with a maximum capacity of almost 400 liters is installed. Convenient electric boiler for heating the house with a large area and cooking hot water.
Savitr PROF and MAX - heating boilers with one and two contours, designed for comfortable heating of premises, with a maximum area of up to 2400 m². Boilers Savitr PROF and MAX, this is the best solution for heating car repair shops and small production halls. The products are produced by a Russian concern with the same name.
Intois Optima - TEN electric boiler, intended for connection to heating systems in residential and industrial sectors. In the production of Russian boilers, innovative technologies are used that ensure high safety of operation and a long service life. Intois Optima is an electric boiler of a new generation.
NEVSKY class "Industrial" - another TEN model of the electric boiler, manufactured by the Russian plant. The maximum heated area is 5000 m². An electric boiler NEVSKY class "Industrial", connects to the microprocessor controller, is controlled remotely and has a multi-level protection system.

The water boiler and the steam generator are selected in each specific case, separately. Depending on the operating conditions, an electrode or TEN electric boiler is chosen. Domestic boilers are not inferior to quality and reliability, even to eminent European models.

Requirements for an industrial boiler room with electric boiler

The rules for the safe operation of electric steam boiler houses are described in detail in a document dated May 28, 1993, approved by Rostechnadzor of the Russian Federation. The norms, in particular, stipulate the location of the boiler equipment, measures to prevent the emergence of emergencies and the defeat of maintenance personnel by electric current.

The norms describe the need for the following:

The electric boiler equipment must have a high degree of automation. Provides for automatic control, for self-disconnection and activation of the unit, in the event of an emergency.
Installation of industrial electric heating boilers, is permitted in any technical room of an industrial enterprise, with an average moisture content. The electric boiler is selected with an appropriate degree of protection against moisture.
Installation and connection of an electric heat generator is performed by a specialist with the required level of access. All installation works are carried out with observance.

Any violation of the terms of connection and installation leads to the right of the energy distributing company, to refuse to supply electricity to the enterprise.

Electrical safety of the boiler room

Electric boilers for heating industrial premises must be grounded. Held regular maintenance heating systems. When connecting to an electrical outlet, be sure to observe the following conditions:

Automation and RCD are installed.
The electric boiler is connected to a separate three-phase voltage line.
To prevent the failure of the automation of the industrial boiler house, a voltage regulator with the necessary sinusoid is installed.
To ensure the uninterrupted operation of the boiler, it is recommended to use a generator that operates on diesel fuel.
Servicing personnel, without the necessary permit, to perform work on inspection and repair of boiler equipment, is not allowed.

The staff is regularly instructed about safe maintenance and repair. Warning signs are placed in the boiler room and the instruction is posted with a step-by-step action plan in the event of an emergency.

Requirements for water for electric boilers

Electric boilers of induction and TEN type, work with any kind of coolant. Some models are capable of heating the antifreeze in any proportions. To make up the boiler, install a filtration and water treatment system.

Electrode heating devices work exclusively with a special coolant with a high salt content. In the process of electrolysis, accompanying the heating of the coolant, the volume of liquid in the water circuit decreases. After a while, you need to refuel the heating system with a new portion of the coolant.

Industrial boilers - belong to heating equipment with a high degree of danger. Installation, connection to the mains and subsequent maintenance, are carried out exclusively in accordance with the rules specified in the PUE and described in the recommendations of Rostechnadzor.