home Eco-energy

Heating by the hands of. Heating a private house with your own hands: everything you need to know

With all desire, we will not be able to fully explain the topic of how to make heating in the house yourself, because there are so many options. In order not to scatter, let's take a closer look at two heating systems - a water warm floor and infrared film heating (IPO).

These two are fundamentally different ways and they also require a different approach.

Installation of heating

The main difference between the water warm floor and the IEP is that a boiler room is needed for the water circuit, and the second method only means the presence of uninterrupted power supply in the building. Nevertheless, such heating can be done in the house by oneself, without resorting to the services of highly paid specialists.

It should be borne in mind that such installation is considered for insulated buildings or for premises with sufficient thermal insulation. Also, do not forget that all the instructions are generalized, since for specific schemes you need to bind to a specific structure. To help you on the page is a video clip with additional information.

Warm floor system

Boiler selection

First of all, if you decide to install the system, then you need to choose a boiler, since to make heating in your house yourself, means also to supply it with a coolant.

In fact, it would be most convenient for you to get by using a dual-circuit gas condensing boiler designed for low-temperature heating, but this option has at least two "buts" to be taken into account.

First, for such an aggregate, a neutralizing composition is necessary for the acid residue of the condensate;
Secondly, if you need to combine the "warm floor" with the radiators, it's not quite easy to achieve a lower temperature in the primary circuit and a higher one in the second one. H
Do not forget that such units are more suitable for low temperatures, and for a floor you will hardly need more than 50⁰C even in severe frosts, but this is clearly not enough for this. After all, such boilers even make up cold water do on feed and return to achieve condensation dew.

Great demand when deciding how to make heating in the house is used by two-circuit convection boilers, which are perfectly suitable for both low-temperature and high-temperature heating modes. Here the main thing is not to allow a big difference in temperatures on the supply and return (no more than 20 ° C) to avoid the formation of condensate, which because of the acids dissolved in it is detrimental to the heat exchanger.

In addition, the price of a convection boiler is smaller, but it is less economical than a condensing boiler. Well, if we find in one place, then we lose in another, but without problems with such an aggregate we can combine two circuits - a "warm floor" and radiators.

The power of the device should be selected depending on the volume of the heated area (the instruction attached to the boiler indicates the capacity of the unit relative to the size of the building).

And how to make the heating in the house correctly, if there is no nearby gas main, but still possible interruptions with electricity? In such cases, you, of course, will approach a solid fuel boiler, only it will necessarily need a circulation pump, because a forced delivery of the coolant is needed on the floor contour.

Even if the problems with the power supply are such that it is possible its complete absence, it is possible to install a small diesel power plant in the boiler room.

Such devices are convenient in that they consume, in fact, any solid fuel, including various wastes. As a fuel, any sorts of brown and black coal, coke, firewood, pellets and waste of lumber are suitable here. Also, you can burn old shoes and clothes, paper archives and the like in a firebox.

Council. If you chose the usual solid fuel boiler, then notice what the furnace is made of - it can be steel or cast iron.
Of course, steel is much easier, but cast iron will last much longer.

In the absence of a gas main, also used, working on kerosene, fuel oil and / or solar oil. Such heating is efficient enough, but because of the relatively high cost of fuel, this type of heating is expensive and such units are often installed as backup ones.

Electrode boilers use, as a rule, parallel to other heating units, or they are installed on several pieces, having calculated for the required capacity. Unlike TENovyh, such heaters have an efficiency of up to 95%, which allows quite inexpensive to equip the heating system of the coolant. The EOC can operate either from 220V or from 380V.

For example, 1,25 kW / hour of electric power is enough to heat 200m 2 of single-phase EOU "Ochag-5", but a three-phase "Vulcan-25" at a flow of 6.6 kW / h can already heat 850m 2. This is a relatively new development of heating appliances, but, nevertheless, the popularity of the device is gaining momentum.

Council. It is recommended to use the Argus-Galan liquid for the EOU, the freezing point of which is -40⁰C.
It is strictly forbidden to use various antifreezes that are not designed for such systems, such as "Tosol" or "Argus".

Also to solid fuel boilers gas-generating or pyrolysis aggregates, which burn fuel almost without residue. The difference between this device and the usual one is that it has two combustion chambers - one for firewood or coal, and the second - for burning out pyrolysis gas, which is supplied by means of an injector from the first compartment.

And now, how correctly to make heating in the house in the sense of choosing a boiler with solid fuel? Determine what you prefer to heat - wood or coal and choose a pyrolysis unit in the form of a more affordable fuel or universal type. One burning of firewood is enough for 12, and in some brands and for 24 hours of trouble-free operation, but the coal load lasts up to 5 days

Tip: Well, how do you make heating yourself at home, if you need to use several types of fuel?
To do this, there are universal boilers such as gas - diesel or gas - diesel - solid fuel - electricity.
But the efficiency of such units is lower, so it is better to install two different mono-fuel devices.

Contour installation

We continue to consider how to make heating at home and begin to install a warm floor system. The installation of the contour begins with the filling of the beacon screed, which must dry and it will take 28 days. The grout should be poured on a pillow of rubble, but for insulation you can cover the claydite.
Additional insulation is made either extruded polystyrene foam, or foamed polyethylene foam, under which waterproofing is applied. Many advise to create a powerful insulation, but it hardly makes sense - you did not set the house on permafrost!

For the water circuit, either a polyethylene (recommended) or a metal half-inch pipe (16 mm outer diameter) can be used. But when installing polyethylene, before pouring the upper screed, the contour must be filled with water so that there is no deformation and the mortar can not be kneaded on the screen, so as not to damage the pipe. For metal plastic such precautions are unnecessary, it is cheaper, but the efficiency at them is the same.

The pipe is laid either with a snake or with a spiral, as in the photo above with a pitch of 20-25 cm, but this distance also depends on the thickness of the second screed. The fact is that the heat from the circuit rises at an angle of 45⁰, and if the lines do not intersect on the surface of the finishing floor, then under bare feet you will feel zonal temperature changes. For this distance, a screed thickness of 8-10 cm is suitable.
It turns out that the thicker the coupler, the greater the pitch, and the smaller meter of the pipe. This is true, but there is no saving, because you will have to heat a thick layer of concrete. The dimensions given above are the most optimal for the arrangement of a warm water floor.

To connect the system uses a comb, which can be from 2 to 10 channels, which allows you to create a connection to several wings. It is also necessary to install the Mayevsky valve on the crest to lower the air. It is better not to allow the pipe to splice under the screed and if it is not enough for one room - run two circuits.

The beacons are put on the laid pipe, and the second layer of the screed is poured, and that the solution under the profiles is not "floated" - fasten them to the wooden pegs. In the mixture, add a plasticizer, the percentage of which is indicated on the canister.

Council. In order to bend the metal plate without fractures, it is necessary to use a steel spring, 18-20 mm in diameter. Put it on the pipe at the very beginning of the installation and gradually moving, put it on the folds.

Infrared film heating

And now consider one of the options, how to make heating in a house without a boiler, using electricity as an energy carrier. For this we need infrared film heating or abbreviated IPO. The uniqueness of this type of heater also lies in the fact that it can be installed not only on the floor, but also on walls and on the ceiling.
But, since we started from the floor, the IPO will also be installed on the floor (the floor should be flat, preferably - the screed and with waterproofing) - for walls and ceiling you can simply use the same principle. So, first and foremost, you need to determine where you will have furniture arranged so that you do not have to put the film in those places. For sufficient heating of the room, the heater should occupy from 70% to 80% of the total area.
When you calculate the amount of film for the floor, you need to determine the cross-section of the wire needed to connect the IPO, and this can be done by calculating the strength of the current consumed. For this purpose, the current consumed is = IEP capacity / U voltage in the network. Determined with the current consumption, you, with the help of the table, will be able to select the required cross-section of the wire.

In a convenient place for you, install the thermostat to adjust the power of the IPO and connect the film-regulator wires to the cable channel. Make sure that the length of the corrugation is sufficient to connect the thermal sensor under the heater.
To install a temperature sensor in the floor, you need to make a groove to make it flush with the surface. Also make sure that the seat of the device is far from the passage (if the screed is poured on top, it is not necessary).

Cut the film can only be on a specially marked line, and when installing the place of wire connection, close the insulation. IPO can be covered with linoleum, carpet and laminate.

Conclusion

I would like to say that home-made heating Houses of this type, as we have seen, can fully ensure the heating of the building. It is not necessary for him to add radiators.

Even the best materials for the construction of housing will not help to create coziness and warmth if there is no good heating system in the house.

Thanks to modern building materials and facilities, heat loss can be minimized, but without the source of heat, all this is useless.

Heating in a private house with their own hands is not as difficult to construct as many believe. To do this, you need to learn the principles of the heating system, learn some building techniques, and you can mount everything yourself if you use the video lessons presented in this article.

Furnaces have long ago moved far into the past, fireplaces create small heating areas, but hydraulic systems deserve the main attention.

The water heating of a private house differs in appearance and type of functioning. The principle is the same in all cases.

The heat carrier is heated in the heating device, and then by gravity, or by a pump, is transmitted to each device. In them, the liquid transfers heat and, through the pipes, again enters the heating device. Then the whole branch of the cycle repeats.

Let's consider what kinds of boilers

Video: self-editing

A boiler for heating a private house is considered the heart of the whole system. This mechanism "dictates" the functioning of all heating in many aspects.

After all, repair pipes and leaking radiator is cheaper than repairing the boiler.

First of all, the boiler must operate on inexpensive fuel. The most convenient option is the availability of a gas line near the house. Gas heating The private house is cheaper than any other type of heating.
Not very inferior in convenience electric heating of a private house. But, this option will cost more than the previous one. Plus, you'll have to build a special high-power cable.
If housing is located far from gas pipe or an electric line, there are not so many options left. One of them is a liquid fuel boiler (solarium).
Another alternative is heating a private house with solid fuel. In doing so, install a boiler that operates on coal, wood, or pellets. But for boilers of this type will have to buy fuel with a margin and keep them under constant supervision. But, the remark will be fair - modern devices Such a type has a long-term burning function and does not need human intervention.
Power aggregates. Determining the parameters it is necessary to take into account the heated space and the specific power of the mechanism. For a home in the southern region, a device from 0.7 to 0.9 kW per 10 m2 is suitable. For the central regions, the most optimal option is considered options with a power of 1.2 to 1.5 kW. For homes in the northern region, advise devices from 1.5 to 2 kW.

The housing area is divided by the specific power of the boiler and the value of the minimum capacity of the device is obtained. To the obtained results, it is necessary to add 30%, this is done so that in severe frost the device operates in normal mode.

Modern types of boilers are equipped with: automation,. These additions increase the comfort in the house. It is also convenient that you can buy floor or wall type of the unit.

IMPORTANT! Paving the heating main with your own hands, choosing a model of the heating device, you should remember that to install it you will have to find a separate place. This is justified by aesthetic motives and is carried out for security reasons.

Heating devices

Video

Paving their own hands, radiators should be selected after a detailed review of their main characteristics.

According to the material of production, they are divided into:

From cast iron. These species are distinguished by one essential advantage: durability. This material is able to withstand any pressure, bad water, air formations. Such radiators have a very large weight, they are warmed up for a long time and also cool for a long time.
Made from aluminum. But these radiators, if you compare them with radiators made of cast iron, heat up very quickly, easily transmit heat and have a very aesthetic appearance.

The disadvantage of such radiators is called high cost, and not the ability to withstand pressure drops. Therefore, they are not advised to install in the house with central heating. But in a country house this option is used very successfully.

Video: how to make your own hands

Of steel. The steel panel battery is the best option value for money. But, they have such a disadvantage - poor resistance to corrosion. They are not advised for open-type lines.
Bimetalic. This is a variant of the heating device, where the aluminum device is protected from the influence of pressure. A warmed-up heat carrier moves through the installed steel tube. Such a radiator transfers all the pressure changes that occur in the central heating main, and the aluminum fins fulfill the task of heat release.

After determining the type of radiator, you need to estimate the number of sections. Square meter Space needs 100 watts of heat..

In the data of the passport, it is prescribed what power one section has. The area of the room should be multiplied by the power of one edge, in this way the need for a particular room is calculated in the number of sections.

What pipes connect such a network

Pipes for heating a private house will also require a thoughtful choice. Preference can be given to products made from such material as:

steel;
metal plastic;
polypropylene;
copper.

Video

In fairness, it should be noted - steel pipes gradually pass into oblivion. The inconvenience in installation, the complexity of making connections, fitting to fit, the complexity of working with these materials is many. And besides, they do not differ in long terms of use.

You can lay these blanks using a wrench. But, these materials do not always withstand the operating mode of the heating network. They need to tighten the connections periodically.

Heating private house with their own hands has become the most popular. These materials are devoid of the disadvantages mentioned in the description of previous species.

Connections are performed by soldering, and the pipes are converted into a single whole highway. Threaded joints do not need much use, and reinforced pipes allow you to forget about repair for a long time.

Video

Copper pipes. These products differ only in positive characteristics. They have only one drawback - it's very high price. And not everyone can afford a system of such pipe-rolled materials.

System Selection

You can make heating installation yourself using several methods.

The simplest one is a single-circuit network. In it, the liquid, moving from the boiler, gives off heat and moves from one device to another along a single tube.

In this situation, you can only change the temperature at the output of the heating boiler.

Radiators in such a network are heated differently, and the last one heats up worse than the rest.

It is more convenient to set in a private house own hands double-circuit heating. This trunkline is quite different from the previous one.

In it, on one pipe, the heated liquid is supplied to the radiator, and on the other pipe it passes back to the boiler. In this system, each heater can be equipped with a temperature regulator.

Modern residential buildings are large in size, and such a home heating network with natural circulation effectively does not heat. Therefore, the network with compulsory view circulation. It includes circulating pumps. They can be mounted in the boiler, and can stand on the "return" of the boiler.

Systems "warm floor"

The floor heating of a private house has become very popular these days. Although the manufacturers assure that such heating can completely replace the traditional radiator version, but, this is not entirely justified.

And here to apply heating in a floor in the private house, in addition to the basic - it is quite logical. Such a warm floor is very often mounted in a nursery and a bathroom.

Proceeding from what has been said, we can conclude that it is quite realistic to build a heating main in a private house with our own hands.

In this case, do not forget:

When choosing a heating device, you need to take into account the type of fuel, power reserve, do not need to save on automation and the possibilities of hot water supply.
The radiator is better to choose from cast iron, if the heating rate is important, then you can choose the aluminum.
The number of sections on the radiator must be taken into account with a margin.
The best choice of pipe materials is reinforced products. They need to be taken from good manufacturers.
For comfortable heating of the house, a two-pipe network forced circulation.
The "warm floor" systems are an excellent addition to the main heat supply line.
After the entire network is mounted, it is filled with a heat carrier. Then the necessary pressure is created, and the connections are looked through in detail. They should not leak. If the slightest defects or deviations are detected, it is necessary to disconnect the network, merge the coolant and fix the problem. That, it was not necessary to disassemble the network anew, it is necessary to produce all connections qualitatively during the installation.

Building your own home has many advantages, which make country house building today extremely demanded by our compatriots. But creating a solid foundation, erecting walls and installing a roof is only half the battle. For a comfortable stay it is necessary to take care of the arrangement of the cottage both outside and inside. Of course, people who live in apartment buildings, the issue of heating the premises is not as relevant as for the owners of cottages. Considering the fact that the heat in the house is the main guarantee of comfortable living and the creation of an optimal microclimate, in this article it is necessary to disassemble the features that have a heating scheme for a private house, and who should be entrusted with its installation.

Heating system of a private house: general information

In order to understand the principle of installing a heating system for a home, it is important to remember and consider several rules. They affect not only the installation work, but also the selection requirements necessary equipment, which is best suited for your particular structure.

It is important to note that in the context of this article, we will only consider the water type of house heating, which implies the use of several boilers, as well as pipes. The most important thing is that the heating system of a private house must be reliable and correctly designed. Water heating is simple in installation, and also differs by its longevity

The heating system of a private house works on the principle of heating the coolant in the boiler, which provides radiators with heat. This process is cyclical and has certain features of the technological process. It is very realistic to carry out heating by oneself in a private house, but the functionality of the system depends on how suitable it will be for your cottage and how much power the home boiler will choose.

The main types of systems

To date, the scheme of heating a private house exists in 2 two variations, namely a single-tube and two-pipe. Let's consider in detail each of them. Single-tube is the most affordable and easy to install. It looks like a ring, which consists of alternately installed radiators for heating the rooms. The coolant moves from the radiator to the radiator, and then comes back. Everything is clear and simple even to a person who has no idea about the principle of heating a private house. Of course, many will think that this scheme is considered the best, affordable, durability and ease of installation - this is what you need, something that affects the initial choice.

Of course, everything is not as easy and simple as it may seem to an inexperienced eye. Think, the coolant, which was heated to a certain temperature level (often, not more than 75 degrees), moves to the beginning of the circuit. He is the first to receive required amount heat, but it cools down a couple of degrees.

The second radiator still does not notice that the coolant has started to cool down. But on the third or fourth it already becomes noticeable.

Getting to the last radiator, the coolant will be heated to a maximum of 45 degrees. And with this indicator, it is almost impossible to heat the house. It is worth noting that in this case there are two ways out of the current situation, namely:

Create additional sections for the latest radiators according to the scheme, which will significantly increase the heat transfer area.
Increase the level of temperature inside the coolant that exits the boiler to heat the rooms. This will require you to make considerable financial investments in order to maintain the equipment at a proper level.

Whatever it was, these 2 options have a financial component, which, alas, is not aimed at reducing spending, and even vice versa - increases their number. And then every homeowner himself sets priorities and makes a choice.

Two-pipe system

It can not be said that a two-pipe system is better than a single-tube system. Of course, this scheme is more efficient, due to the fact that for each radiator is distinguished by a separate pipe equipped with a coolant. The only similarity is the presence of a similar reverse circuit.

It is worth noting that such a system is very simple to implement, and the only thing that needs to be determined first is to use a beam or a collector circuit.

The latter scheme, in turn, can be called improved and modern. For its use in the attic, a special device is installed, which performs the functions of the collector.

Can I create a heating system myself?

First of all it should be noted that experts in the construction industry are confident that no difficulties in self-assembly There is no heating device for a private house. Of course, you can turn to the professionals for your business for help, but be prepared that you will have to pay a considerable amount of money for the work done. In order for the system to function without interruption, it is necessary to select the correct device for heating. Of course, the construction market has a wide range of heating equipment and boilers is by no means an exception. All of them differ in their power performance characteristics, as well as the principle of operation. All boilers can also be divided into the fuel on which they operate. You can independently evaluate the volume of work and choose the position that will suit you most. It is necessary to build on what kind of fuel is easier and cheaper to buy in the region where you live. Recently, more and more often manufacturers of heaters have started the production of combined models that work simultaneously from two types of fuel and allow heating all the premises of the house.

Suppose, in combinations: gas-wood, gas-light, coal-light, solar-coal. At the moment when one fuel ends, you can replace it with another one. Proceeding from this, you can make a simple conclusion - you need to choose the equipment that works from the available fuel for you and is easy to install.

Heating systems by the way of circulation

If for private houses the scheme of heating a private house with their own hands is used, then the movement of the coolant will be effected due to influence on gravity, then such a system will be called natural or self-sufficient. It is characterized by a density hot water an order of magnitude lower, but at the moment when it starts to rise, displaced by cold water, which enters the cauldron, starts to heat up and a cycle repeats.

Who to entrust the drawing up of the scheme?

Whatever scheme for heating a private house with their own hands would not be chosen, it is important to note that for each house it must be compiled individually. This is necessary in order to take into account all the features of the structure, so that during further operation there are no errors or malfunctions in the equipment operation. It is the individual drawing of the chosen system that is the guarantee of durability and reliability of heating devices. If everything is calculated correctly, you and your family, living even in big house, you can heating season spend the amount of fuel equivalent to that which is paid monthly by residents of urban apartments. In order not to risk, entrust this matter to specialists. It is they who will be able to determine which heating distribution in the private house will be most optimal. Before you begin the installation of the system, be sure to contact the appropriate utilities, in which you can obtain permission to conduct communications. If you do not do this, a sudden check can reveal a violation, which will entail considerable expenditure. It should be noted that the drawing up of a scheme from a specialist has a number of advantages, namely:

you can accurately determine the type of the most optimal boiler;
save on consumables (with a good calculation);
get all the necessary recommendations that will help simplify the installation process;
competent experts provide a guarantee for each developed scheme, so that you are not afraid, and boldly embarked on its implementation within the walls of your home.

If you have already decided that the heating of a private house with your own hands, the schemes of which must be compiled for each building individually, will be conducted without involving specialists, then you can easily start choosing the necessary equipment and tools. But do not think that by purchasing consumables, mounting tools and the equipment itself, you will get a guarantee of a successful installation. In fact, this is not all that you need.

Installation and cutting of pipes is important only after all the large equipment has been installed.
When attaching fasteners, it is important to ensure that no sagging occurs. If they are found, they must be eliminated as soon as possible. This is necessary in order to extend the service life and improve the heating in the house.
If you have problems with fastening the connecting sections, then it is recommended to use a welding device for this.
After welding, do not immediately start operating the system, you need to wait for the time necessary not only for cooling, but also for hardening the material.

In this article, we examined what kind of heating schemes a private house own schemes exist and what advantages each has.

What are the parameters to consider when designing and installing a heating system, and can all this be done independently without resorting to the services of expensive specialists? This will be discussed later.

For those who have never faced the issues of designing heating systems and selecting the right equipment, it will be difficult to correctly select individual components. The fact is that the heating system is not sold in the kit - it needs to be collected from different elements, which should be combined without problems. Among the main components of the heating system, the boiler, as well as the pipes and radiators, are selected first. It is also important to choose the coolant and its quantity in the system. And now about all the components more specifically.

Boiler for heating the house

The main element of any heating system is the boiler. It is he who produces the necessary amount of heat and transfers it to the heat carrier, which carries it through the rooms to the radiators. The structure of all boilers is practically the same - they are all equipped with two chambers, one of which burns fuel, and another passes the coolant. The first chamber is called the combustion chamber, the second - the heat exchanger. Heating boilers can be single-circuit or dual-circuit. The advantage of dual-circuit boilers is that they are also a source of hot water in addition to heating. When buying a single-boiler will have to additionally purchase a boiler.

The main difference of boilers apart from their power is the fuel, which is used for combustion and heat generation. Among the main types of boilers are electric, gas, liquid or solid fuels.

Electric boilers - pleasure is not cheap, because such a boiler consumes a lot of electricity, the cost of which is not so low. But interruptions with electricity happen rarely, which can not be said about other types of fuel. Electric boilers are often used in places where gas has not yet been carried out.

The most common type of boiler is gas. This can be explained by a number of reasons: economy, convenience in operation, constant fuel supply. Of course, this option is suitable for those who build a house in the area connected to gas supply. Recently, there is less and less settlements, where there is no gas, so this version of the boiler is the most optimal.

Boilers for liquid fuels are very rarely used. First, they need expensive fuel (diesel or gasoline), and secondly, the smell of its combustion will fill the whole house.

Solid fuel - peat, firewood, briquettes - is used in areas where gas has not yet been carried out. It is less expensive than electricity, but there is much more trouble with it: order and delivery, and constant periodic loading into the combustion chamber. Often such a boiler is used as a backup in the event of a power outage or gas supply drops. For such emergency situations, it is the optimal solution to the problem of temporary heating.

Among the relatively new methods of heating, the use of heat pumps has recently gained popularity. The principle of operation of such a system is that the pumps are installed in the wells to a depth of about 30-60 m, where they accumulate dissociated energy and transfer it to the boiler heat exchanger. The disadvantage of such a system is the complexity of installing pumps, requiring the use of special equipment and attracting specialists. The same applies to scheduled maintenance or repairs. But plus it has a lot of benefits, because fuel in this case is not just cheap - it's free, which allows you to heat the house and enjoy hot water almost free and not depend on fuel supply.

Pipes for heating the house

The next mandatory component heating system are the tubes. It is they who carry the coolant to the premises of the house. Depending on the location of the pipes, the heating system can be divided into two types: one-pipe and two-pipe. In the first case, pipes and radiators are connected in series, which affects the efficiency of the system: if the first radiators are heated to the desired temperature, then the temperature of the latter can be 25 degrees, which is clearly not enough to heat the room. For this reason single-pipe system try to replace the two-pipe.

The two-pipe system, in its turn, also has two types, differing in the way of joining the pipes. The first provides parallel connection each radiator to the central tube. The second is a radial connection, in which the pipes of each radiator are connected to the main riser. The second option is less economical, because it requires considerable expenses for pipes.

AT two-pipe system there is a pipe "return", through which the cooled coolant is already fed into the boiler's heat exchanger. This design provides the most cost-effective and efficient distribution of heat in the house.

The pipes themselves can also differ in material and size. The required diameter of the pipes is determined by the calculation. As for the material, in recent years, pipes from PVC or plastic have been increasingly used instead of heavy and expensive metal pipes. They are lighter, cheaper, smaller in diameter, practically not clogged and without problems can be laid behind gypsum plasterboard walls, remaining unnoticed.

Radiators for heating

Radiators of the heating system can be aluminum or cast iron. For a private house, lighter and cheaper aluminum radiators. They are easy to install with a high heat output. True, they are sensitive to sudden changes in pressure and temperature in the system, as well as to the influence of an aggressive environment. But in conditions of use in a private house, these shortcomings are not so important, and the economy and simplicity of installation on the contrary play an important role.

The principle of the heating system

Let's consider in more detail the principle of the heating system. It is based on the circulation of the coolant in closed system. There are two types of circulation: forced and natural. Natural circulation characterized by driving the coolant due to temperature and gravity drops: heated water rises, displacing the cold, and the cold falls down under the influence of gravity. Such a system, though reliable, requires complex calculations that determine the number and location of radiators, the amount of coolant, the location of the boiler, etc.

More common is a system with forced circulation. Although the structure of the system is complicated by the additional installation of the pump, the system itself works more efficiently, because the coolant heats up and moves through pipes and radiators much faster. Many companies producing gas boilers by default built in them a hydraulic pump, so that you do not have to buy and install it.

Calculation of house heating

After reviewing the basic schemes of the heating system and its components, you can easily choose which ones are right for you. In order to determine the boiler output, the number of radiators and the total length of the pipes, it is necessary to carry out a small and simple calculation, an example of which is given below.

The calculation begins with the determination of the required boiler output. The boiler can also be purchased "by sight", but there is too much chance of not guessing and either overpay for a too potent boiler or squeeze all the forces from too weak.

To determine the required power, the formula is used:

Where W is the required power, kW;
k - coefficient of correction, depending on the region of development;
S is the total area of the house, m2.

To the value obtained by the formula is usually added up to 20% of the power reserve in case the temperature in winter turns out to be lower than the average. In this case, the boiler will not be overloaded, working at full power. The power thus obtained is rounded to the nearest standard power and, accordingly, the desired boiler is selected. Such a calculation is necessary for the purchase of an automatic heating boiler, the operation of which will not be continuously monitored. This will increase the level of security when using it.

The next step is to determine the necessary number of radiators in each room of the house. According to the standards, a laborious calculation is used for this, taking into account the type, specific heat, hydrodynamics of the coolant, etc. For ordinary amateur builders, this calculation is a dense forest, so let's go the easier way.

First you need to determine the coolant. The most common option is water. To calculate the number of radiators for steam or water heating there is a simplified version, which is usually used.

In order to simplify the power required to heat a room of 10 m2, one of the walls of which is external, 1.2 kW is accepted. If there are two or more windows in the room, a wide doorway or other factors capable of lowering the temperature, the power value increases to 1.3 kW. Based on this, it is possible to calculate required power for heating each room in the house by multiplying their areas by 1.2-1.3 and dividing by 10.

The resulting power is multiplied by 5 and rounded to an integer, thus obtaining the required number of radiator sections in each room. For reliability, you can add a few more sections, especially if the room has entrance doors or large window openings. The number of additional sections is selected from 5 to 10. Also additional sections may be needed when using cast-iron radiators, because cast iron has a lower heat transfer coefficient than aluminum, and therefore it gives heat more slowly.

Further, the scheme of the house is carried out with the application of a boiler, radiators and piping on it, which ensures the supply of coolant to all premises. Having made such a scheme on a scale, it is easy to calculate the number and length of pipes and the total number of radiators. By adopting a single-pipe heating system, it is possible to significantly reduce the cost of purchasing pipes.

Calculation of coolant

Another important point is the calculation of the amount of coolant in the system. If water is chosen as the coolant, it must be taken into account that at different temperatures it takes up a different volume. In no case should you allow both overheating and freezing of pipes, which can lead to the breakdown of the entire system.

For calculation it is necessary:

calculate the volume of radiators, multiplying the volume of each section by their number. The volume of sections should be indicated in the passport and is usually 0.2-0.28 liters;
calculate the total volume of pipes, multiplying the area of their cross-section by the total length;
add two obtained values, having received the total volume of the system;
find the temperature difference in the system in working order. Usually the coolant is heated to temperatures in the range of 15-70 degrees, that is, the difference is 55 degrees;
find the amount of coolant by subtracting from the coefficient of expansion of the coolant temperature difference and the total volume of the system. The result of this calculation is the difference in volume when heated;
find the required amount of coolant in the system by subtracting the value obtained in the previous paragraph from the total volume.

What do you need to know when installing a home heating yourself?

In addition to the basic elements of the heating system for installation, it is necessary to prepare and purchase auxiliary parts and materials: brackets, nipples, tees, gaskets, etc. When assembling it is desirable to do the strapping of all the elements, using special materials or linen threads.

For those who have never faced the installation of a heating system, it is not superfluous to familiarize yourself with certain rules:

radiators should be located only near window openings;
the distance from the floor to the bottom point of the radiator should not be less than 100 mm, and from the sill to the top point - less than 60 mm;
all sections in all rooms must be at the same height;
the fins of the radiators must be positioned vertically, the horizontal arrangement is unacceptable;
the system must necessarily be equipped with at least one drain, regardless of its structure and type of coolant. The drain is designed to completely replace the coolant in the system, which must be periodically conducted.
After installing the system, it is filled with a coolant, and its test run is carried out. After creating the necessary pressure, you need to carefully inspect all the joints of individual elements, checking for leaks. If the slightest defects or deviations occur in normal operation, the system must be immediately disconnected, the coolant must be drained and the fault removed. Usually, problems arise in the places where the sections of radiators or pipes are joined, where the strapping is performed poorly, because of which the leakage is broken. So it's better to take care of quality connections even during installation, than to re-assemble the entire system.

That's all the tips for calculating and installing the heating system. The main thing in its equipment is a competent combination of economy and quality, as well as maximum attention during installation. A separate emphasis should be placed on the calculation. If it is carried out correctly, it will show the most favorable variant of the choice of the necessary equipment and parameters of operation. Otherwise, the system may not work at all, do not provide the right heat in the premises or periodically break down, requiring repair.