Designing heating systems for suburban cottages: how not to make mistakes

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After the country cottage is built, it is still impossible to live in it, since it is necessary to lay all engineering Communication and to create an efficient and reliable heating system. To ensure comfort, it is required to have a professionally executed heating project for a private house. Only taking into account all the nuances and correctly made calculations will create a microclimate in the rooms that promotes a cozy atmosphere.

The project of the heating system of home ownership assumes the presence of a floor plan of the heat supply structure, which indicates all the required sizes, tolerances and other parameters (read: ""). The design organizations now make three-dimensional drawings for the arrangement of heating of country cottages. How to look like these design solutions, can be seen in the photo.

When it comes to an integrated approach, the design of a private house heating system involves observing a number of important points:

reasonable arrangement of the building with respect to external communications, from electrical networks and ending with gas supply;
the correct location of the cottage in accordance with the sides of the world, since it is necessary that as much solar energy as possible penetrates through the windows;
application of modern window technologies - the heat should not leave the room through the cracks in the frames. For this it is desirable to install three-chamber plastic windows with ventilation valves;
does not prevent the use of the effect of the greenhouse - with reliable even large windows in severe frosts on the sunny side of the building, in the presence of a heat source such as a fireplace, there will be no need for other heating appliances, since the temperature in the rooms will not fall below plus 20-22 degrees;
it is desirable to install a fireplace in the room, even an electric fireplace, which is an autonomous source thermal energy and creates coziness;
without fail it is necessary to insulate not only external walls, but also internal fences - ceilings, floor coverings, partitions between rooms located on one floor. It is necessary to pay attention to the insulation of the upper floor;
in the rooms you need to put soft comfortable furniture, perfectly saving heat.

Design of heating circuits

If you implement all of the above measures aimed at saving heat, the owner of a suburban real estate will be able to switch on at least two weeks later the main heating system and turn it off for a couple of weeks before it.

The project of the heating system of a private house provides for the creation of a basic heat supply structure, which can be:

air - it does not require the laying of pipelines and the installation of radiators. In this case, maintaining the temperature at a constant level is more difficult, and the efficiency is constantly changing depending on external conditions, but this is cheaper compared to other options;
electrical - it would be more popular, but many consumers have limited power. The project of heating a private house using electricity is expensive in maintenance and operation - the cost of electricity is not cheap;
infrared - Similar projects meet modern requirements for heating systems, except for this, there is a tendency for them to become cheaper, because they are based on advanced technologies that are constantly improving (read also: "");
pipeline The most common system, because it is the cheapest source of heating the house. For its arrangement, it will be necessary to create a mini-boiler room, where a heating boiler, pumps, and some monitoring sensors will be located.

Which of the heat supply structures to prefer is decided, in the final analysis, by the owner of a private homeowner, but before that it will not hurt to consult with professionals. It is quite difficult to create such a heating system on its own if there is no relevant knowledge and experience. Allowed mistakes in the implementation of the project cost a significant amount of money.

The project of the pipeline heating system of a private house

There are several options for pipeline designs, but they certainly include the following elements:

heating device;
pipeline;
circulation pump;
radiators;
filters;
expansion tank;
control and regulating devices;
connecting elements.

Professionally drafted projects necessarily take into account the need to perform a set of works to reduce the heat loss of the building. For this purpose, floors, walls, ceilings, window frames and external doors are insulated.

Heating boilers

At the heart of the heating system is a heating unit, on which the source of the energy for heating depends.

To date, manufacturers offer consumers such types of boilers:

Gas appliances. Are the most popular because of the low cost of operation and availability in many settlements gas mains.
Electric aggregates. Heating with their use turns out to be costly.
Solid fuel devices. Are popular in those regions where there are problems with gas supply and electricity. A permanent supply of coal or firewood is needed for several refueling per day.
Liquid fuel heaters. For their functioning use fuel oil, solar paint, which are inexpensive. But in this case there are problems: air pollution by products of working off and necessity of arrangement of a storehouse for liquid fuel.
Devices on waste oil. Also a cheap source of energy, but now the market for such fuel is not established.
Underfloor heating system. Helps solve problems with heating, but its cost can not be called cheap.

For the projects of the heating system of a private house it is necessary to pay, since they are not distributed free of charge. This is quite a serious job, requiring high qualification.

Before proceeding with the design, the owner of the property will need the following information:

floor plan a country house;
choice of pipe layout - open or hidden, single or dual circuit. Perhaps in some rooms there is no need for heating, because, for example, in the living room a fireplace is used;
already implemented measures to warm the building;
the place where the boiler is planned to be installed and the area of the room for its placement.

In a word, all the preferences, wishes of the owners of country houses are reflected in the document, which was called the "Terms of Reference". For the customer it is desirable to fix all the relationships with the project and contract organizations on paper, decorating them accordingly.

The creation of a reliable and efficient heating system requires a serious approach, and such work is entrusted to heat engineers.

It is the internal and external planning of the construction of the house that determines the features of the future heating system in it. The fact is that the design of the heat supply of a country wooden cottage or a brick structure will have significant differences. The heat carrier is usually water heated to a certain temperature, a boiler operating on electricity (natural gas, coal, liquid fuel, etc.). The coolant circulates through the pipes laid inside the building.

An example of a private house heating project consists of the following stages:

development of preliminary sketch;
feasibility study and necessary calculations;
the development of a scheme for installing pipes and heating radiators;
creation of a working project. This will avoid a lot of mistakes that beginners make possible during the installation process.

What you should pay special attention to

Every owner of a country cottage, while the design of the heating system in his house is being developed and implemented, should delve into every detail. Such meticulous approach is not always pleasant to the performers of works. In order to avoid misunderstandings with them in the future, we must warn them in advance about the active participation in the implementation of the project.

It has long been known that, provided there is good interaction with the masters, there will be no criticism from them for excessive attention to the work they do. The project documentation should take into account the possibility to make adjustments during the installation and start-up of the system.

Designing a private house is not without calculating heating systems. Calculation of heating means choosing a boiler (electric, solid fuel, liquid or gas), the selection of its required power, the type of heating (gravity or circulation), pipe material, the number of radiators and their layout.

Calculation of the boiler's power depends on many factors and is based on the calculation of heat loss. To get the value of heat loss is taken into account the area of the house the number of windows and type of glazing are you have simple wooden windows or plastic with triple-glazed windows. Number of doors leading out.

In addition, the location of the house relative to the sides of the world and the wind rose also matters. The material from which the house is built, the type of roof, the presence of an attic, the type of climatic zone all this is also taken into account.

Although there are simplified ways to calculate the boiler's power, it is best to entrust this matter to specialists. Having received the necessary amount of power determine the type of fuel. It all depends on the availability of any fuel. In forest remote areas, the choice to admit is small. In addition to firewood and imported coal, other options are generally not available. There is no choice in the steppe gasified areas. Therefore, the choice depends on the conditions of residence in this or that region. More details on the types of heating.

Natural circulation requires compliance with certain rules during installation. First of all, the use of large diameter pipes to facilitate circulation of the coolant. Must be respected pipe incline which ensures the movement of the coolant. The boiler, no matter how it should be located below the radiators.

The stall along which the main flow of the coolant occurs is made from a pipe larger diameter, than wiring for radiators. It is also necessary expansion tank , providing water for the whole system. When the boiler is heated, the water expands and the excess goes into the expander, with a decrease in temperature, the volume of the heat carrier decreases and it is from this tank that water is added that the system does not penetrate the air. When filling the system, the tank is left filled, then 1/3. Required air valve or a plug that allows the air to escape from the system. The advantage of such a system in its autonomy is the operation of the boiler in practice does not depend on the supply of electricity.

In the system with forced circulation It is possible to deviate from the above mentioned rules, especially with regard to the incline of the supply and return pipeline, which somewhat simplifies the installation of the strapping. It's on circulation pump , ensuring the movement of water through the system. In addition, small diameter pipes can be used, which will ultimately affect the cost of installing the entire system. It should be noted that such a system is best used for heating electric or gas boilers, because when the electricity is cut off, the fuel supply is cut off automatically and the boiler does not overheat.

Selection of material for the pipeline

Now in construction use steel, copper and polymer pipes:

Steel pipes are more tolerant of overheating although the installation of these pipes is more laborious.
Polymer pipes are easy to process, easy to assemble, and durable in operation. The big drawback is the fear of overheating of the coolant. At high temperature, they begin to burst.
The most expensive in processing and installation are copper pipes , but also the most durable and wear-resistant, are not afraid of corrosion and overheating though mechanically less than steel.

Types of radiators

At the moment, a lot of models of radiators from various materials are distributed:

Despite the different material, with different heat transfer coefficient, there are radiators in the manufacture of radiators general principles. Whatever configuration was not registers , make it possible to disassemble and assemble the radiator, which allows you to increase or decrease the number of registers in one radiator. This makes it possible to regulate the quantity applied heat in a separate room. The location of the registers in the room should be specified at once, so that in subsequent finishing they do not interfere with the installation of different furniture.

Consider the example: we have one storey log house in which there are four rooms and a bathroom, a non-residential attic, covered with roofing paper and slate. The house is located in a region where the average winter temperature -35 C 0. Total area of the house 60 sq. M. meters. The average specific power factor for this region is 2.0 kW. We take this figure in the directory SNiP. We calculate by the approximate formula the boiler power: Wk = SdWd where W to - Boiler capacity; S д - the area of the house; W ud - specific power which is calculated for one room. We have W to = 60 * 2.0 / 10 = 12.0 kW. select the nearest power boiler in the direction of increase.

For example, calculations showed the need for 12 kW capacity of the boiler, and on sale we have 10 kilowatts and 15 kilowatt boilers, we take 15 kW.two-pipe from natural circulation. The number of radiators is equal to the number of windows plus one radiator in the bathroom to the wettest room in the house. Radiators should be located under the windows with the expectation that the middle of the battery coincides with the center of the window.

If we needed warm floor , for example in the children's room, then a more powerful boiler will be needed and it will be necessary to cut into the system circulation pump, which enhances circulation by increasing heat transfer. Here is not considered the most difficult variant of heating.

Another example: it will be two-storey house with a central entrance. On the first floor there is a living room, a dining room, a kitchen, a bathroom, a bathroom, a boiler room, a garage. Second floor: four bedrooms, bathroom, shower room. total area 200 square meters. An approximate calculation of the boiler output is carried out according to the above formula can only change the specific power. Now consider a specific heating system. By calculations, we have enough boiler capacity 30 kW, power outages are not therefore worth electric double-circuit boiler 35 kW capacity, capable of automatically maintaining the specified temperature in the boiler.

The automation responds to the temperature change in the supply line and, if necessary, switches the boiler on or off. Type of circulation forced, The pump is put on the return line (the pipe that goes into the boiler and brings the cooled water down. bypass , which, when the energy is turned off, will allow circulate heat carrier naturally.

All the same, many people who live in private homes prefer to have energy-independent heating system whether it is a solid fuel or gas boiler. Modern manufacturers provide a wide choice of models of boilers of different power functionality, the choice is entirely yours.

It is hardly possible to overestimate the importance of the heating system in the private sector. Especially when you consider that the owner of his own home has to take care of the reliability and efficiency of heating on his own. But not every developer will say that he has all the rooms normally warmed up in the winter, that you do not have to spend too much money to pay for the consumed heat. Why is that? Time is not enough, money, knowledge? The solution exists: in order to provide comfortable living conditions and not to be ruined due to excessive fuel consumption - you need to carefully plan, you need a high-quality heating project.

What is the design of the heating system

What are the advantages of designing?

General practice shows that when building a house on a detailed project, on average, it is possible to save over 15 percent of funds and to reduce the construction time by 20-30 percent. Approximately the same situation develops if we consider separately only the heating systems. In addition to saving, there are other obvious benefits.

Draft 3D air heating design

The project of heating an apartment or a private house allows:

Reduce capital costs. The homeowner buys a heat generator, pumps and heating appliances that will fully match the performance for specific housing and operating conditions, without unnecessary "power reserves" that directly affect the cost of the equipment.
Reduce operating costs. Less will be spent fuel (thermal energy), less often will have to maintain the mains and equipment.
To assemble a safe and durable system. Failures and accidents of heating systems are very costly due to damage to their own and others' property. Eliminating mistakes can be extremely difficult technically.
To achieve a comfortable temperature regime in all rooms, including the ability to manually or automatically adjust the operation of heating, depending on various circumstances.
Based on the project documentation (detailed and unambiguous) it is easy to choose the right artist. Applicants will be able to provide accurate, comprehensive commercial proposals.
Build relationships with contractors solely on the basis of schemes, drawings, lists-specifications. This virtually eliminates discrepancies and misunderstandings, makes it possible to compile qualitative schedules and estimates - to clearly monitor costs and timing.

What documentation does the customer receive?

The project of heating the house is not just a file with the list of works, crowned with the cost of materials and installation. In most cases, the project is a solid multi-page document consisting of a descriptive text part and a number of drawings and various schemes.

Important! The project is developed exclusively in accordance with the requirements of existing regulatory documents and contains all the necessary information to create a reliable and efficient system.

Usually the project includes the following documents:

"Introductory": title page, summary, concordance sheet, project composition.
Technical conditions.
Technical task.
Explanatory note. The rationale for solutions is described, general characteristics of the future system, climatic conditions, object (heat loss level, configuration, purpose, nature of operation) are described. Information is given in the form of tables or text.
Working documentation for installation works. It will be graphic files: drawings, diagrams, plans. For example - a structural diagram, a draft design, a floor plan or axonometric drawing. Often the content and composition of the taxiway is determined by the customer himself (this is indicated in the technical task). The following points are highlighted:
- Features of heating the room / floor / zone (the necessary air temperature, the need for thermal energy).
- Type of wiring, general network configuration, dimensions and sections of pipelines.
- Dimensions and arrangement of heating devices.
- Place of installation of the main equipment.
- Characteristics of the heat generator (indicate the power, the temperature of the coolant at the inlet / outlet, operating pressure).
- Zones of maintenance and functioning of heating appliances and heat generators.
- Detailing (development) of individual units: heat generator, heating appliances, boiler room, collector cabinet, boiler.
- Some nuances of editing (given in the notes).
- Specification of equipment and components. Requirements / recommendations are given for: a boiler, burners, heating devices, automatics and thermostats, pumps, water heater, expansion tank, a collector, a chimney, pipelines (a cross section, a material, sometimes - a brand, a producer), tanks and bunkers for fuel, consumables.
Technical specifications for other building systems. The goal is to link the projects of different engineering systems.
On the order of the homeowner - the calculation of the cost of installation and materials.
Information about the company performing design: tolerances, licenses, certificates.
Coordination of the project with regulatory bodies, architects, etc.

How to order a heating house project

Who to entrust the design of the heating system

Now, heating projects for private houses are carried out using specialized software that allows you to find the most effective options for both standard buildings and for individual tasks.

Project documents must be agreed upon and signed by the developer and the auditor (heating project apartment building, a public building is rented for state examination). Therefore, it is important that the designer has not only invaluable experience, but also permission to carry out design work. As a rule, these services are provided by firms that are engaged in installation heating systems or the sale of equipment. Obviously, it is best to order a project, as well as equipment and installation in the same company. Then the developer can protect himself from not always transparent separation of responsibility between the engineer-developer, installers and sellers. In addition, with the "integrated approach" you can get a decent discount.

How does this happen

As a rule, the design process follows the same scenario. Let's try to list the main stages:

The landlord provides the initial data: the house plan (with the size and purpose of the premises), the land plot plan, the technical conditions for engineering support, the terms of reference, etc.
The designer creates a sketch scheme. Execution of premises is in progress. The possibility of applying various solutions for the object is considered, the parameters of the main equipment (type, brand, supplier) are determined.
The necessary calculations are made: thermal, hydraulic, working equipment parameters.
Based on preliminary calculations and a draft design, a feasibility study for the system is developed. Preliminary schemes are drawn up, the specification is specified with the customer, details are discussed. The final cost of works is determined.
The documents are reviewed by the controlling organizations. If necessary, adjustments are made until all the approvals and conclusions are received.
A detailed working documentation and specification is created.
The project is transferred to the customer.

The plan of heating the cottage floor with the explication of the premises

Important! Engineering calculations usually do not fall into project documentation. Estimates can also be considered an "option".

How much does it cost to make a heating project

Project organizations offer developers several packages of services: engineering design, wiring diagram, draft design. The choice is made depending on the needs of the customer, the wiring diagram and sketches, in fact, are stages of full-fledged design, truncated versions of the main product.

The project itself can "pull" for a significant amount - up to ten percent of the cost of all heating. The price of the project depends on the complexity and detail of the technical assignment. For example, for a private house with an autonomous system, a builder can have only a wiring diagram, which will be about one-third cheaper. Calculation of the cost of the project in any case is determined by the area of the object, the quotations are indicated per square meter. At the same time, for example, if it is necessary to make the project of heating an apartment building with an area of 1000 m 2, then a substantial discount (up to 50 percent) is often provided, and if it is a cottage with less than 200 squares, the price may increase in comparison with the base one. A separate cost per square meter can be voiced for the design of radiator heating or a hot water floor (it costs less for the customer), as well as the development of a boiler or automation system.

Video: design of heating systems

Where should we start creating heat supply schemes for a private house? The basis of this is the design of heating systems. It includes an analysis of the characteristics of the building, climatic features of the region, as well as the calculation of the optimal temperature regime of operation. In practice, it is impossible to make a detailed calculation without experience - for this purpose it is necessary to involve specialists or independently to understand all the subtleties of the process.

Basic rules for designing heat supply

The simplest calculation of the heating system involves selecting the optimal pipe diameter, as well as calculating the nominal power of the equipment. To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic rules. The design of water heating can differ significantly from a similar PLEN or a warm floor.

First of all, it is necessary to analyze all external and internal factors that will subsequently affect the operation of heat supply. Correct design gas heating It should also include ensuring the security of the system. To solve this complex task, it is necessary to perform the following steps:

Creating a private house system. It will subsequently indicate the location of pipelines, heating appliances and a boiler.
Calculation of required heat supply characteristics. The design of gas heating for a private house also provides for the creation of forced ventilation systems to ensure the safety of work.
Determination of heat losses at home, calculation of seasonal load on heat supply.

Based on the obtained data, design and installation of heating systems is carried out. In particular, the pipes of the required diameter are chosen, the heat output of radiators and batteries is calculated, the optimum boiler output is determined.

Correct design and calculation of heating systems is carried out with the help of special programs. The accuracy of future heat supply parameters depends on their functionality.

Methods of organizing independent heating

First of all, you need to consider. The choice of a particular one depends directly on the specific conditions - the kind of energy carrier, the total area of the building, the degree of its thermal insulation, etc. Only after the analysis it is possible to carry out the design of the heating in a country house.

One of the most important parameters when choosing a heat supply scheme is the type of energy carrier. Depending on this, the following design options are possible:

Water. This system consists of a boiler, piping and radiators. Boilers, in turn, can differ in the type of energy source used - gas, diesel or solid fuel;
Air. This is the most complex design of a private house system, since it must take into account not only the degree of heating inside the premises, but also the temperature of the air outside. For cottages are most often used electric heaters;
Alternative. It includes geothermal heating, as well as the installation of solar collectors.

The Otvec heating system is designed to calculate the basic parameters of all the above. In addition to it, you can use other software packages. However, you should carefully read their functional capabilities.

The design of electric heating can be combined with the development of other systems - solid-fuel or gas. Modern technologies allow their full adaptation in general scheme heat supply.

Designing of water heat supply

For the correct implementation of the scheme of water heat supply, it is first necessary to draw up a technical design for the heating design. It includes the results of a primary analysis of the building's operational characteristics, the main external factors, and the optimal operating mode of the system.

Drawing up a technical task is a prerequisite for the design of water heating. You can do it yourself, or by using specialists. The latter option is optimal in the case if the heat supply system of the house is difficult. It includes the following components:

Several circuits of heat supply. This scheme is typical for the design and installation of heating systems of the collector type;
Optimization of costs with the help of additional elements - a thermal battery, a control and regulation device. These include thermoregulators and programmers;
Reduction of thermal losses of the system due to the use of innovative materials and technologies. To do this, install polymer pipes, bimetal radiators, etc.

An important condition for the design of LPG heating is the organization of fuel storage. For this, you can use cylinders or gasholder. The latter option is preferable if the area of the house is quite high.

What parameters should be considered when designing a gas heating for a private house? First, the pipe layout is determined. It can be with the top and bottom feeder, vertical or horizontal, as well as single-tube or two-tube. During the design and calculation of heating systems, the question of optimizing the parameters is solved:

Increase in heat transfer of heating elements due to new materials of manufacture;
Installation of boilers operating in low-temperature mode. This will reduce energy costs;
Application of new control systems for heating.

Also, the heating design of the cottage should include the calculation of pipe diameter, hydraulic load and thermal operation.

During the design of heating in a country house you need to make a small margin of power. It can be useful when installing additional radiators and batteries.

Creation of air heating systems

The main problem of designing a gas heat supply for a private house is the uneven distribution of thermal energy in the volume of each room. This is especially true for large buildings. In this case, we can consider the design of heating systems for a private air-type house. Its advantage is a low inertia - the heating of air in the premises occurs much faster than with water heating. However, it is necessary to take into account the complexity of design and installation of heating systems of this type:

Laying the air ducts is carried out until the repair is completed. The mains should be hidden behind the walls, as they are large enough;
Arrangement of channels for air intake from the street. This applies to the design of gas-type heating, but only if an atmospheric open burner is planned;
Combination with the air-conditioning system. For this you can use the same pipelines. However, it is necessary to draw up a scheme of channel overlapping correctly, so that there is no possibility of simultaneous operation of heating and conditioning;
In the system of graphic design of heating Otvec there is an opportunity to make an optimum arrangement of pipes and a heater. Due to this, it is possible to optimize the place for the installation of an air heating system.

For better performance, it is recommended that you do forced warm air. Those. when compiling a heating and calculation project, the system provides for the installation of fans or similar devices to increase the speed of air circulation.

As an air heating source, you can use solid fuel boilers, similar gas models and even fireplaces. Such an approach will improve the efficiency of heat supply.

Projects of film heating of premises

All of the above systems are cumbersome and labor-consuming to install. It should also be taken into account that the design of water heating is accompanied by complex calculations. In contrast, the PLEN is less demanding on the quality of the circuit design.

However, there are special installation conditions, which must be specified in the preparation of the technical design for the design of PLEN heating. They are due to the specific design of the heating elements.

At the heart of the film heat supply is the effect of generating IR waves, which, when hit on an object, begin to heat its surface. In this regard, for the design of heating in a country cottage must take into account such conditions:

Good thermal insulation of the room. In particular, this applies to surfaces where the film will be installed;
The maximum coverage area of IR radiation. The best option - installation on the ceiling;
Correct power calculation, based on W / m². During the design of electric heating, it is taken into account that the rated power of the system should not be greater than the maximum possible load on the local electrical grid.

In addition to these factors, the increased fire safety of film IR heat supply is taken into account. The maximum surface heating is + 45 ° C, which can not harm people, decorative coatings or furniture.

In the project of heating the PLEN of a private house, the film coverage area should be at least 75% of the total surface. Otherwise, it is impossible to achieve the optimum temperature regime of the system operation.

Design of central heating systems

It is much more difficult to design a multi-apartment heating system. Difficulties are associated with the adaptation of the system to the central highway, as well as the uniform distribution of the coolant to all consumers.

Until recently, the organization of heat supply of multi-storey buildings was carried out only one way - connecting to the central heating main. This entailed the impossibility of changing the temperature regime of the system by tenants of apartments, as well as the direct dependence on the quality of services of the management company.

Designing of heating systems in an apartment building is carried out by special engineering bureaus. The following factors are taken into account:

The number of floors in the house, its area. Separately calculated parameters for residential and non-residential premises;
Degree of thermal insulation of walls and window constructions. At the same time, the design temperature of the outside air for heating design should be compensated for by heated internal air, taking into account the thermal losses of the building;
Thermal operation. To reduce losses during passage hot water on the external highways its temperature can be from + 90 ° C to + 110 ° C. To reduce this indicator, an elevator unit is set up in each house, which is also taken into account when drawing up a technical design for the design of heat supply.

Given all these features, most residents apartment buildings At the first opportunity refuse services central heating. As an alternative to it, autonomous heating systems for an apartment building are designed, which are almost completely analogous to the above.

Over time, the performance of the house may deteriorate. Accordingly, it is necessary either to improve the thermal insulation of the external walls, or to increase the level of air heating in the apartments.

Calculated part of the heating system - main stages and parameters

Heating calculation program

In the modern world, technological progress does not stand still, but in many houses for heating, simple furnaces are still used. Despite the fact that this type of heating is one of the most popular and customary options, it has some significant drawbacks. For example, the most significant of them can be considered the need for coal or firewood, as well as a noticeable difference in air temperature during the furnace heating and after its cooling.

In such cases, a qualitatively selected scheme for heating a private house centralized system heating with the use of electric or gas boilers.

Here you can see an independent comparison of different heating systems in the country house

The heating system of a private house with natural circulation

The simplest version of the heating system of a private house consists of several components: a boiler, pipelines, an expansion tank, a radiator system. These elements are enough to create a complete heating system with natural circulation (which is also called the gravity system).

The scheme of heating a single-story private house

Constructions of this type are often used in low-rise construction, in places where voltage swings are not uncommon, since the work of such a design is based on the difference in the density of the coolant at different temperatures.

Typical scheme of heating a small house with natural circulation

Example of a scheme for installing a pipeline for heating a house

Heating scheme of a country house

The system of water heating of a country house, depending on the design features, can be divided into several types:

single-tube and two-tube (depends on the type of connection of the heating device);
with the associated movement of water and a dead-end scheme (depends on the type of laying of the highway);
with the bottom and top podvodkoj (depends on a place of passage of a riser with hot water);
with horizontal and vertical risers.

On the video you can see examples of different heating systems in private houses

The main elements of the heating system

A heating system that can operate in an autonomous mode consists of a huge number of different elements. To clearly understand and imagine the principle of the operation of such a system, it is necessary to understand the purposes and principle of the work of its individual components.

Boiler

The boiler is the most important part of any heating system, since it is in it that fuel combustion occurs and heat develops. To date, two types of boilers are produced, which differ from each other with their functional features: single- and double-circuit. It is these species that are used in the majority.

Single-circuit boilers can perform a single function - heating the house, while the two-circuit can also heat the water. Despite the fact that the dual-circuit boiler is more popular, it is considered less reliable than single-circuit. The reason is this: if the dual-circuit boiler fails, the whole house will remain not only without heat, but also hot water. If a single-circuit boiler fails, the house will remain without heat, but a small supply of hot water will still be present.

Difference between single-circuit and double-circuit boilers

Two-circuit boilers are equipped with special appliances, thanks to which water is heated, and in single-circuit devices it heats directly in the boiler itself, then moves along the radiators, and then returns again to the boiler.

Depending on the type of installation, the boilers are divided into floor and wall. Suspended boilers, where mainly gas atmospheric burners are used, are much better suited to fluctuations in gas pressure in main pipelines (since floor in such situations fail much faster).

Single-wall wall heating boiler installation scheme

Universal boilers

Such boilers allow using almost any kind of fuel, but the most effective will be a specialized boiler, for example, for solid fuel or for heating with diesel fuel. The heat supply project is obliged to show the owner of the house what the efficiency of the different boilers is, how much gas, coal, wood or diesel will cost.

Of course, universal boilers may seem to somebody outdated devices, but the technology of the fuel industry is constantly evolving. For example, a boiler that is designed for special fuel briquettes is a high-tech and environmentally friendly heating system. Of course, there will be smoke and other products of wood combustion, but everything is not as critical as it was in London, in the 18th century, when the sky could not be seen from the smoke of the fireplaces. Technologies have changed and quite seriously.

Various universal heating boilers

Heating boilers

This type of boilers is now extremely popular. The principle of operation is based on the fact that the boiler does not heat the coolant, but the air in the room. Depending on the design of the boiler, this air can even be fed through special channels to neighboring rooms. The boiler consists of closed system, inside which there are pipelines with a large internal surface area. The holes of the pipes go straight into the room, passing through the incandescent pipeline, the air heats up and begins to participate in the heat exchange scheme.