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How to make the generator from the wind 220 volts. Let's make a wind generator with our own hands.

With the increase in electricity prices, the search and development of alternative sources. In most regions of the country it is advisable to use wind generators. To fully provide electricity a private house, requires a fairly powerful and expensive installation.

Wind generator for home

If you make a small wind generator, with the help of an electric current you can warm up water or use for a part of the lighting, for example, outbuildings, garden paths and porch. Heating water for household needs or heating is the simplest way to use wind energy without storing it and converting it. The bigger question here is whether there will be enough power for heating.

Before you make a generator, you first need to find out the peculiarities of the winds in the region.

A large wind generator, for many places in the Russian climate, is of little use because of frequent changes in the intensity and direction of the air currents. At a power of more than 1 kW it will be inertial and will not be able to fully spin up when the wind changes. Inertia in the plane of rotation leads to overloads from the side wind, leading to its failure.

With the advent of low-power energy users, it makes sense to use small self-made wind generators for no more than 12 volts to light a dacha with LED lights or to charge telephone batteries in the absence of electricity in the house. When this is not necessary, the generator can be used to heat water.

Type of wind generator

For a windless area, only a sail wind turbine is suitable. To ensure that the power supply is constant, you need a battery of at least 12V, a charger, an inverter, a stabilizer and a rectifier.

For low-winded areas, you can independently manufacture a vertical wind generator with a power of no more than 2-3 kW. There are many options and they are almost inferior to industrial designs. It is advisable to buy windmills with a sailing rotor. The reliable models with capacity from 1 to 100 kilowatts are produced in Taganrog.

In windy regions it is possible to make a generator for the house with your own hands vertical if the required power is 0.5-1.5 kilowatts. Blades can be made from improvised means, for example, from a barrel. More productive devices are advisable to buy. The cheapest are the "sailboats". A vertical windmill costs more, but it works reliably in strong winds.

A small windmill with own hands

At home, a small homemade wind generator is easy to make. To start work in the field of creating alternative energy sources and accumulating in this valuable experience how to assemble a generator, it is possible to manufacture a simple device by itself, adapting the motor from a computer or printer.

12 V wind generator with horizontal axis

To make your own hands a low-power windmill, you must first prepare the drawings or sketches.

At a rotational speed of 200-300 rpm. The voltage can be raised to 12 volts, and the power output is about 3 watts. With it, you can charge a small battery. For other generators, the power must be increased to 1000 rpm. Only in this case they will be effective. But here we need a reducer, which creates significant resistance and, moreover, has a high cost.

Electrical part

To assemble an electric generator, you need the following components:

a small motor from an old printer, drive or scanner;
8 diodes of type 1N4007 for two rectifying bridges;
a capacitor with a capacity of 1000 microfarads;
pVC pipe and plastic parts;
aluminum plates.

The figure below shows the circuit of the generator.

Stepper motor: connection diagram for rectifier and stabilizer

Diode bridges are connected to each winding of the motor, which are two. After the bridges the stabilizer LM7805 is connected. As a result, the output is voltage, which is usually fed to a 12-volt battery.

Power generators on neodymium magnets with an extremely high traction force have become very popular. They should be used carefully. With a strong impact or heating to a temperature of 80-250 0 C (depending on the type), demagnetization occurs in neodymium magnets.

As the basis of the generator, manufactured by own hands, you can take the hub of the car.

Rotor on neodymium magnets

On the hub, a super glue of neodymium magnets with a diameter of about 25 mm is produced in approximately 20 pieces. Single-phase generators are made with the equality of the number of poles and magnets.

Magnets, located opposite each other, should be attracted, that is, they are turned by opposite poles. After gluing neodymium magnets, they are filled with epoxy resin.

The coils are wound round, and the total number of turns is 1000-1200. The power of the neodymium magnet generator is chosen such that it can be used as a constant current source, of the order of 6A for charging the battery by 12 V.

Mechanical part

Blades are made of plastic pipe. It draws blanks 10 cm wide and 50 cm long, and then cut out. A sleeve is produced on the motor shaft with a flange, to which the blades are attached. Their number can be from two to four. Plastic for a long time does not last, but at first it will be enough. Sufficiently durable materials have appeared, for example, carbon and polypropylene. Then you can make stronger aluminum alloy blades.

Balancing of blades is made by cutting off excess parts at the ends, and the angle of inclination is created by heating them with a bend.

The generator is bolted to a piece of plastic pipe with a vertical axis welded to it. The pipe is also coaxially installed weather vane made of aluminum alloy. The axis is inserted into the vertical pipe of the mast. Between them a thrust bearing is installed. The entire structure can freely rotate in a horizontal plane.

The electric board can be placed on the rotating part, and the voltage can be transferred to the consumer through two current-carrying rings with brushes. If the rectifier board is installed separately, then the number of rings will be six, how many pins the stepper motor has.

The windmill is fixed at a height of 5-8 m.

If the device will efficiently generate energy, it can be improved by making it vertically-axial, for example, from a barrel. The design is less subject to lateral overloads than horizontal. The figure below shows a rotor with blades of barrel fragments, mounted on the axis inside the frame, and no tipping force acts on it.

Wind Turbine with a vertical axis and a rotor from a barrel

The profiled surface of the barrel creates additional stiffness, due to which it is possible to use a tin of a smaller thickness.

Wind turbine with a capacity of more than 1 kilowatt

The device should bring tangible benefits and provide a voltage of 220 V, so that you can turn on some electrical appliances. To do this, it must independently start and generate electricity in a wide range.

To make a wind generator yourself, first determine the design. It depends on what kind of wind power. If it is weak, the only option can be a sail version of the rotor. More than 2-3 kilowatts of energy can not be obtained here. In addition, it will need a reducer and a powerful battery with a charger.

The price of all equipment is high, so you should find out if it will be profitable for the house.

In areas with strong winds, a self-made wind generator can get 1.5-5 kilowatts of power. Then it can be connected to a home network of 220V. The device with a larger capacity is difficult to do on its own.

Electric generator from DC motor

As a generator, a low-speed motor can be used that generates an electric current at 400-500 rpm: PIK8-6 / 2.5 36V 0.3Nm 1600min-1. The length of the body is 143 mm, the diameter is 80 mm, the diameter of the shaft is 12 mm.

What does the DC motor look like?

For him, a multiplier with a ratio of 1:12 is needed. With one turn of the blades of the windmill, the generator will make 12 revolutions. The figure below shows the layout of the device.

Wind turbine construction scheme

The reducer creates an additional load, but still it is less than for an automobile generator or a starter, where a gear ratio of at least 1:25 is required.

It is advisable to make blades from an aluminum sheet with a size of 60x12x2. If they are installed on the motor of 6 pieces, the device will not be so fast and will not go pesky at large gusts of wind. You should consider the possibility of balancing. For this purpose, the blades are soldered to the bushings with the possibility of winding on the rotor so that they can be moved further or closer from its center.

The power of the generator on permanent magnets of ferrite or steel does not exceed 0.5-0.7 kilowatts. It can be enlarged only on special neodymium magnets.

A generator with a non-magnetized stator is not suitable for operation. With a small wind it stops, and after that it can not start on its own.

For constant heating in the cold season requires a lot of energy, and to build up big house - This is problem. For a summer residence in this plan it can be useful, when there it is necessary to go not more often than 1 time a week. If everything is correctly weighed, the heating system in the cottage works only a few hours. The rest of the time the hosts are in nature. Using a windmill as a constant current source to charge the battery, in 1-2 weeks you can store electricity for heating the premises for such a period of time, and thus create enough comfort for yourself.

To make a generator from an AC motor or an automobile starter, they need to be reworked. The motor can be upgraded to a generator, if the rotor is made on neodymium magnets, protostich to their thickness. It is made with the number of poles, like the stator, alternating with each other. The rotor on neodymium magnets, glued to its surface, should not stick during rotation.

Types of rotors

The designs of the rotors differ in variety. The common variants are shown in the figure below, where the values of the wind energy use factor (KIEV) are indicated.

Types and designs of wind turbine rotors

For rotation, windmills are made with a vertical or horizontal axis. Vertical version has the advantage of convenient maintenance, when the main nodes are located at the bottom. The support bearing is self-aligning and serves for a long time.

Two blades of the rotor "Savonius" create jerks, which is not very convenient. For this reason, it is made of two pairs of blades, spaced on 2 levels with a rotation of one relative to the other by 90 0. As billets, you can use barrels, buckets, pans.

The rotor "Darya", whose blades are made of elastic tape, is distinguished by its simplicity of manufacture. To facilitate promotion, their number must be odd. Movement is jerky, because of which the mechanical part is quickly broken. In addition, the tape vibrates when rotating, making a roar. For permanent use, this design is not very suitable, although the blades are sometimes made of sound-absorbing materials.
In the orthogonal rotor, the wings are made profiled. The optimum number of blades is three. The device is high-speed, but it needs to be untwisted at start-up.

The helicoidal rotor has a high efficiency due to the complex curvature of the blades, which reduces losses. It is used less often than other windmills because of its high cost.

The horizontal blade rotor is the most efficient. But it requires the presence of a stable medium wind, and also requires a hurricane protection. Blades can be made from propylene, when their diameter is less than 1 m.

If you cut the blades from a thick-walled plastic pipe or barrels, you will not be able to reach a power higher than 200 watts. The profile in the form of a segment for a compressible gaseous medium is not suitable. Here you need a complex profile.

The diameter of the rotor depends on how much power is required, as well as on the number of blades. A 10-watt double-blade requires a rotor with a diameter of 1.16 m, and a 100-watt diameter of 6.34 m. For four- and six-blades, the diameter is 4.5 m and 3.68 m, respectively.

If you put the rotor directly on the shaft of the generator, its bearing will not last long, because the load on all the blades is uneven. The bearing bearing for the windmill shaft must be self-aligning, with two or three tiers. Then, for the rotor shaft, bends and displacements during rotation will not be terrible.

A large role in the work of the windmill is played by a current collector, which must be regularly serviced: lubricate, clean, regulate. The possibility of its prevention should be provided, although it is difficult to do.

Security

Wind turbines, whose power exceeds 100 watts, are noisy devices. In the courtyard of a private house, you can install an industrial wind turbine, if it is certified. Its height should be higher than the nearest houses. On the roof, you can not install even a low-power windmill. Mechanical vibrations from his work can create a resonance and lead to the destruction of the structure.

High speeds of rotation of the wind generator require high-quality manufacturing. Otherwise, when the device is destroyed, there is a danger that its parts can fly over long distances and injure a person or a pet. Especially it should be taken into account when making a windmill with your own hands from improvised materials.

Video. Wind generator with own hands.

The use of wind generators is not advisable in all regions, since it depends on climatic features. In addition, making them with your own hands does not make sense without certain experience and knowledge. For starters, you can start creating a simple design with a power of several watts and voltage up to 12 volts with the help of which you can charge your phone or light an energy saving lamp. The use of neodymium magnets in the generator can significantly increase its power.

Powerful wind installations, taking on a significant part of the electricity supply to the house, it is better to purchase industrial ones, to create a voltage of 220V, carefully weighing the pros and cons. If you combine them with other types of alternative energy sources, electricity can suffice for all household needs, including the house heating system.

One of the most affordable options for using renewable energy sources is the use of wind energy. About how to do the calculation yourself, collect and install the windmill, read in this article.

Classification of wind generators

The settings are classified based on the following windmill criteria:

the location of the axis of rotation;
number of blades;
material of elements;
step screw.

Wind turbines, as a rule, have a design with a horizontal and vertical axis of rotation.

Version with horizontal axis - propeller construction with one-two-three or more blades. This is the most common execution of air power plants due to high efficiency.

Version with a vertical axis - orthogonal and carousel constructions on an example of rotors of Darya and Savonius. The last two concepts should be clarified, since both have a certain significance in the construction of wind generators.

Rotary Darya is an orthogonal windmill design where the aerodynamic blades (two or more) are symmetrically arranged at some distance and fixed on radial beams. A fairly complex version of the wind turbine, which requires a thorough aerodynamic performance of the blades.

Savonius's rotor is a carousel type windmill design, where two blades of semi-cylindrical shape are located one against the other, forming in general a sinusoidal shape. The coefficient of efficiency of the structures is low (about 15%), but it can be increased almost twice if the blades are installed horizontally and vertically in the direction of the wave and apply a multi-tier design with angular displacement of each pair of blades relative to the other pairs.

Advantages and disadvantages of "wind turbines"

The advantages of these devices are obvious, especially in relation to domestic operating conditions. Users of "windmills" actually get the opportunity to reproduce free electric energy, except for small costs for construction and maintenance. However, the shortcomings of wind power plants are also obvious.

So, in order to achieve efficient operation of the installation, it is necessary to fulfill the conditions for stability of wind currents. Such conditions man can not create. This is purely the prerogative of nature. Another (but already technical) disadvantage is the low quality of the generated electricity, as a result of which it is necessary to supplement the system with expensive electric modules (multipliers, chargers, batteries, transducers , stabilizers).

The advantages and disadvantages in terms of the features of each of the modifications of wind turbines, perhaps, balance at zero. If horizontally-axial modifications differ in high efficiency, then for the steady operation require the use of wind direction controllers and protection devices against hurricane winds. Vertical-axial modifications have low efficiency, but they work stably without a mechanism for tracking the direction of the wind. In this case, such wind turbines are distinguished by a low noise level, exclude the effect of "spacing" in conditions of strong winds, are compact enough.

Self-made wind generators

Making a "windmill" with your own hands is a completely solvable task. Moreover, a constructive and rational approach to business will help to minimize the inevitable financial expenditure. First of all, it's worth drafting a project, necessary calculations balancing and power. These actions will not only guarantee the successful construction of a wind farm, but also guarantee the preservation of the integrity of all purchased equipment.

It is recommended to start with the construction of a micro-windmill, with a power of several tens of watts. In the future, the experience gained will help create a more powerful design. Creating a home wind generator, it is not necessary to focus on obtaining high-quality electricity (220 V, 50 Hz), since this option will require significant financial investments. It is more reasonable to limit ourselves to the use of the initially obtained electricity, which can be successfully used without conversion for other purposes, for example, to support heating and hot water supply systems built on electric heaters (such devices do not require stable voltage and frequency). This makes it possible to create simple scheme, working directly from the generator.

Most likely, no one will argue that heating and hot water supply in the house are inferior in importance to household appliances and lighting devices, for which power is often sought to install domestic windmills. The device is a wind turbine for the purpose of providing the house with heat and hot water - this is the minimum cost and simplicity of construction.

Generalized project for home windmills

Structurally, the home project in many respects repeats the industrial installation. True, household solutions are often based on vertical-axial wind turbines and are equipped with low-voltage direct current generators. Composition of modules of a household wind power station under condition of reception of qualitative electricity (220 V, 50 Hz):

wind turbine;
device orientation to the wind;
animator;
generator of direct current (12 V, 24 V);
battery charge module;
accumulator batteries (lithium-ion, lithium-polymer, lead-acid);
the converter of a direct voltage of 12 In (24 In) in an alternating voltage 220 V.

PIC generator 8-6 / 2.5

How it works? Just. Wind winds the windmill. The torque is transmitted through the multiplier to the shaft of the DC generator. The energy received at the generator output through the charging module is accumulated in the batteries. From the terminals of the batteries, a DC voltage of 12 V (24 V, 48 V) is applied to the converter, where it is converted into a voltage suitable for supplying household electrical networks.

About generators for domestic "windmills"

Most household structures wind installations , as a rule, are designed with the use of low-current direct-current electric motors. This is the simplest version of the generator, which does not require upgrading. Optimum - electric motors with permanent magnets, designed for a supply voltage of about 60-100 volts. There is a practice of using automobile generators, but for this case, the introduction of a multiplier is required, since the autogenerators produce the required voltage only at high (1800-2500) revolutions. One of the possible options is the reconstruction of an induction AC motor, but also quite complex, requiring precise calculations, performing turning operations, installing neodymium magnets in the rotor area. There is an option for a three-phase asynchronous motor with the connection of capacitors of the same capacitance between the phases. Finally, it is possible to manufacture the generator from scratch with your own hands. There are a lot of instructions on this score.

Vertical-axial home-made "windmill"

An efficient enough and the most important inexpensive wind generator can be built on the basis of the Savonius rotor. Here, as an example, we consider a micro-power plant whose power does not exceed 20 W. However, this device is quite enough, for example, to provide electrical energy for some household appliances operating at 12 volts.

Set of parts:

Sheet aluminum thickness of 1.5-2 mm.
Plastic pipe: diameter 125 mm, length 3000 mm.
Aluminum pipe: diameter 32 mm, length 500 mm.
DC motor (potential generator), 30-60V, 360-450 rpm, for example, the electric motor model PIK8-6 / 2.5.
Voltage Controller.
Battery.

Manufacture of the Savonius rotor

Three "pancakes" with a diameter of 285 mm are cut from the aluminum sheet. In the center of each, holes are drilled for an aluminum pipe of 32 mm. It turns out something like CDs. Two pieces of 150 mm in length are cut from the plastic tube and cut in half along. The result is four semicircular blades 125x150 mm. All three aluminum "compact discs" are put on a 32 mm pipe and fixed at a distance of 320, 170, 20 mm from the top point strictly horizontally, forming two tiers. Between the discs are inserted blades, two pieces per tier and fixed strictly one against the other, forming a sinusoid. In this case, the blades of the upper tier are shifted relative to the blades of the lower tier by an angle of 90 degrees. The result is a four-bladed rotor Savonius. To fasten the elements, you can use rivets, screws, corners or other methods.

Connection to the engine and installation on the mast

The shaft of DC motors with the above parameters usually has a diameter of not more than 10-12 mm. In order to connect the motor shaft to the windmill tube, a brass bushing, having the required internal diameter, is pressed into the lower part of the pipe. Through the wall of the pipe and bushing, a hole is drilled, threads are cut to screw in the locking screw. Then the windmill tube is put on the generator shaft, after which the connection is rigidly fixed with a locking screw.

The remaining part of the plastic pipe (2800 mm) is the mast of the wind turbine. The generator assembly with the Savonius wheel is mounted at the top of the mast - simply inserted inside the pipe until it stops. As a stop, a metal disk cover is used, fixed to the front end of the motor, having a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the mast. On the periphery of the cover holes are drilled to fix the stretch marks. Since the diameter of the motor housing is smaller than the internal diameter of the pipe, gaskets or stops are used to align the generator in the center. The cable from the generator is passed inside the tube and is output through the window at the bottom. It is necessary to take into account at installation the protection of the generator against moisture, using sealing seals. Again, in order to protect against rain, above the connection of the wind turbine tube to the generator shaft, an umbrella cap can be installed.

Installation of the entire structure is performed on an open well-ventilated area. Under the mast is dug a pit 0.5 meters deep, the lower part of the pipe is lowered into the pit, the construction is leveled by stretches, after which the pit is poured with concrete.

Voltage Controller (simple charger)

The produced wind generator, as a rule, is not capable of producing a voltage of 12 volts due to low speed. Maximum wind speed at a wind speed of 6-8 m / sec. reaches a value of 200-250 rpm. At the output it is possible to obtain a voltage of the order of 5-7 volts. To charge the battery requires a voltage of 13.5-15 volts. The way out is to use a simple pulse voltage converter, assembled, for example, on the basis of the LM2577ADJ voltage regulator. By supplying 5 volts DC to the input of the converter, 12-15 volts are obtained at the output, which is quite enough to charge the car battery.

Ready-made voltage converter for LM2577

This micro-wind generator, of course, can be improved. Increase the power of the turbine, change the material and height of the mast, add a DC-to-AC voltage converter, and so on.

Horizontal-axial wind-driven electrical installation

Set of parts:

Plastic pipe diameter 150 mm, aluminum sheet thickness 1.5-2.5 mm, wooden bar 80x40 length 1 m, sanitary: flange - 3, corner - 2, tee - 1.
The electric motor of a direct current (the generator) 30-60 In, 300-470 rpm.
Wheel-pulley for the engine with a diameter of 130-150 mm (aluminum, brass, textolite, etc.).
Steel pipes with a diameter of 25 mm and 32 mm and a length of 35 mm and 3000 mm, respectively.
Charger module for batteries.
Accumulators.
The converter of voltage 12 V - 120 V (220 V).

Making a horizontal-axial "windmill"

A plastic pipe is necessary for making blades of a windmill. The length of this tube, 600 mm long, is cut along four identical segments. For a windmill, three blades are required, which are made from the obtained segments by cutting a part of the material diagonally along the whole length, but not exactly from angle to corner, but from the bottom corner to the upper corner, with a small indent from the latter. The processing of the lower part of the segments reduces to the formation of a fastening lobe on each of the three segments. For this purpose, one square is cut around a square with a size of approximately 50x50 mm, and the remaining part serves as a mounting lobe.

Blades of the wind turbine are fixed on the wheel-pulley with bolted connections. The pulley is mounted directly on the shaft of the DC motor - generator. As a chassis of the windmill, a simple wooden bar with a section of 80x40 mm and a length of 1 m is used. The generator is installed on one end of the wooden bar. At the other end of the bar is mounted a "tail" made of aluminum sheet. In the lower part of the bar, a metal pipe 25 mm is fixed, designed to act as a shaft of the pivoting mechanism. As a mast is used a three-meter metal pipe of 32 mm. The upper part of the mast is the bushing of the pivoting mechanism, where the windmill tube is inserted. Mast support is made from a sheet of thick plywood. On this support, in the form of a disk with a diameter of 600 mm, a construction of sanitary parts is assembled, thanks to which, the mast can easily be raised or lowered, or mounted - dismantled. Stretching is used to fasten the mast.

All electronics of the windmill are mounted by a separate module, the interface of which provides connection of batteries and consumer load. The module includes a battery charger and a voltage converter. Such devices can be collected independently with the appropriate experience, or purchased on the market. There are a lot of different solutions available on the market, allowing you to obtain the desired output values of voltages and currents.

Combined wind turbines

Combined wind turbines are a serious variant of a home energy module. Actually, the combination involves the unification of a single system of a wind generator, solar battery, diesel or gasoline power station . You can combine in every possible way, proceeding from opportunities and needs. Naturally, when there is an option - three in one, this is the most effective and reliable solution.

Also, under the combination of wind turbines, it is planned to create wind power plants that have at their disposal two different modifications at once. For example, when Savonius rotor and traditional three-blade machine work in one bunch. The first turbine operates at low speeds of the wind flow, and the second only at nominal speeds. This preserves the efficiency of the installation, eliminates unjustified energy losses, and in the case of asynchronous generators, reactive currents are compensated.

Combined systems are options that are technically complex and costly for home practice.

Calculation of the capacity of the wind power station

To calculate the power of a wind generator of horizontal-axial execution, one can use the standard formula:

N = p · S · V3 / 2
N - power of installation, W
p - air density (1.2 kg / m 3)
S - blown area, m 2
V - wind speed, m / sec

For example, the power of an installation with a maximum swing of 1 meter blades, with a wind speed of 7 m / s, will be:

N = 1.2 · 1 · 343/2 = 205.8 W

An approximate calculation of the power of the wind turbine based on the Savonius rotor can be calculated using the formula:

N = p · R · H · V3
N - power of installation, W
R - impeller radius, m
V - wind speed, m / sec

For example, for the mentioned in the text the design of a wind power plant with a Savonius rotor, the power value at a wind speed of 7 m / sec. will be:

N = 1.2 · 0.142 · 0.3 · 343 = 17.5 W

If earlier windmills could not be met often, today this sphere is actively developing and many people have acquired experience in the creation.

The scope of the devices is diverse: they provide electricity at home, pump water, directly connect them to agricultural equipment (for example, crushers) and heat containers with water, which can become heat accumulators for the home.

Industrial models are all good, except for the cost, so consider how to make a wind generator (a windmill) for a private house with your own hands and what it will take.

The essence of the wind turbine is the conversion of the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy. Each element of the system performs its function:

Wind wheel, blades. Catch the movement of air masses, rotate and drive the shaft.
A generator can be installed directly on the shaft, or there may be an angular gearbox that will transfer the movement downwards to the cardan. Due to the use of the reducer, it is possible to achieve an increase in the speed (the multiplier).
The generator - converts rotational energy into electrical energy. If the generator produces a stable current, then it clings to the batteries. If not, the relay-voltage regulator is installed intermediately.
Batteries in the system may not be, but with them the work is more stable - they use a windy clock to recharge and consume the accumulated potential when the wind subsides.
Inverter - serves to convert the voltage to the desired value, for example, in 220V. It is necessary for convenience, since most devices are designed for such a voltage. But the purpose of the windmill can be different, so not every circuit includes an inverter.
An anemoscope is an appliance used for powerful wind turbines. It collects data on wind speed and direction. In self-made structures is almost never found. Usually make a small weathervane and a swivel mechanism.
Mast - or support, on which the propeller will be fixed. At an altitude greater than the chance to catch a stable and strong wind, so it is important to pay attention to the mast, which must withstand the load.

Wind turbines can be horizontal (with a classic air screw) and vertical (rotary). Horizontal installations have the highest efficiency, so they are most often reproduced on their own production.

Vertical type generator

But such windmills need to turn towards the wind, because when the lateral flow it stops working. A rotor wind generator, made by own hands, also has its advantages.

The design of vertical systems can be very different, but they have common features.

Vertically located turbines will catch wind, from where it would blow (horizontal models need to be equipped with a guide), which is very convenient if the wind in a particular locality is not stable, variable.
This design can be placed directly on the ground (of course, if there is enough wind).
Make installation easier than horizontal.

The only drawback is the relatively low efficiency.

Device power

First, it is necessary to determine what kind of capacity the windmill is required, what tasks and loads it must cope with.

Typically, alternative energy sources are installed, as an additional one, which only helps the main power supply.

And the units with a power of 500 watts are already good.

For heating a small house will need about 2-3 kW.

But the power of the windmill depends on 2 factors:

The diameter of the blades.
Wind speed.

The desired ratio can be determined from the table for horizontal devices (at the intersection of wind speed and blade diameter - power in watts).

Wind speed / Diameter of blades	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1m	3	8	15	27	42	63	90	122	143
2m	13	31	61	107	168	250	357	490	650
3m	30	71	137	236	376	564	804	1102	1467
4m	53	128	245	423	672	1000	1423	1960	2600
5m	83	196	383	662	1050	1570	2233	3063	4076
6m	120	283	551	953	1513	2258	3215	4410	5866
7m	162	384	750	1300	2060	3070	4310	6000	8000
8m	212	502	980	1693	2689	4014	5715	7840	10435
9m	268	653	1240	2140	3403	5080	7230	9923	13207

For example, if winds are often blowing from 5 to 8 m / s, and we need a windmill to produce 1.5-2 kW, then we need to consider structures with a diameter of 6 m.

Blades

The shape of the blade can be:

Winged view.
Sailing type.

Sailing is flat, this is a less productive scheme. They do not take into account the aerodynamic forces, but rotate only under the pressure of the wind flow.

Only 10% of wind energy will be converted into electrical energy.

In the winged type, the outer and inner surfaces differ in area. It is also important to arrange the blades at an angle of 6-10 ° to the wind.

What material to use on the blades

In ancient mills a thin wooden frame was made of poles with crosspieces, on which linen "wings" were stretched. When the fabric was dilapidated, it was replaced. Alternatively, thick materials, such as tarpaulins, can be used.

But there are also alternatives, as it is possible to make blades for a wind generator with their own hands:

For a small propeller, you can make plastic blades by cutting a PVC pipe into pieces.
"Sails" is cut from plywood.
A large aggregate can be supplied with blades of wooden boards (it is not important that each blade is heavy, the main thing is that they balance each other).
You can use light metal, for example duralumin.

If the wind in the area is impulsive, it is preferable to make heavy blades, then the system will work more stably.

The diameter of the pipe used should be equal to the fifth part of its length. The segment is cut along into 4 parts, at the base is cut out a square of 5x5 (this will be the attachment point), and then an oblique cut is made, a narrowing blade from the base to the end. The ragged edge is treated with emery.

For those who like to travel, go hiking or fishing, such a device will be simply irreplaceable. What is it and how to make such a generator yourself, read on.

How to organize heating without gas and firewood, read.

Surely, you heard that in the war years released cars that went on firewood. What is the relevance of the gas generator in our time, read in this thread:. And also you will find the instruction on manufacturing the unit with your own hands.

Vertical wind generator with own hands

Materials and equipment used

The dimensions of the turbine can be chosen arbitrarily - the more, the more powerful. In the example, the product diameter is 60 cm.

To make a vertical turbine you will need:

Pipe Ø 60 cm (preferably stainless steel - galvanized, duralumin, etc.).
Strong plastic (two discs with a diameter of 60 cm).
Angles for fixing blades (6 pieces per each) - 36 pcs.
For the basis - the automotive hub.
Nuts, washers screws for fixing.

Equipment and tools:

Fret saw.
Bulgarian.
Drill.
Screwdriver.
Keys.
Gloves, mask.

For balancing blades, you can use a small metal plate, magnets, and with a small unbalance, you can simply drill holes.

Wind turbine drawing

Drawing of the device of wind turbine

Making a vertical windmill

The metal pipe is cut lengthwise so that 6 identical blades are obtained.
Two identical circles are cut from plastic (diameter 60 cm). This will be the upper and lower support of the turbine.
To slightly ease the design, it is possible to cut a circle Ø 30 cm in the upper support in the upper support.
Depending on how many holes there are on the car hub, the same holes for fastening in the lower plastic support are placed along them. Drill with a drill.
According to the template, it is necessary to mark the arrangement of the blades (two triangles forming a star). There are places for attaching corners. The two supports should be identical.
Blades to cut better not one by one, but all at once (using the Bulgarian).
Places of fastenings of corners should be noted and on blades. Then drill the holes.
With the help of corners, the blades are attached to the circles-bases by bolts and nuts through washers.

The longer the blade, the more powerful the unit will be, but the more difficult it will be to balance it, in a strong wind the construction will "blab".

Generator with own hands

For a windmill it is necessary to select a self-excited generator on permanent magnets (such were used in tractors T-4, MTZ, t-16, t-25).

If you put an ordinary car generator, they wind the voltage from the battery, that is: no voltage - no excitement.

So, if you install an auto generator + battery, and for a long time there will be a weak wind, the battery will simply discharge and when the wind appears again, the system will not start.

Or to make a wind generator on neodymium magnets with their own hands. Issue such an aggregate will be at a weak wind of 1.5 kW, maximum, with a strong wind of 3.5 kW. Step Instruction:

Two metal pancakes are made, 50 cm in diameter.

On them around the perimeter on the super-glue are attached 12 neodymium magnets on each (about 50 x 25 x 1.2 mm in size). Magnets alternate: "north" - "south".

Pancakes are placed opposite each other, the poles are also oriented "north" - "south".

Between them is placed a self-made stator. These are 9 coils of copper wire with a cross section of 3 mm. 70 turns each. Between them, they are connected according to the "star" scheme and filled with polymer resin. The coils are wound in one direction. For convenience, the beginning and end of the winding should be marked (for example, with an electrical tape of different colors).

Homemade Generator for Neodymium Magnet Windmill

The thickness of the stator is about 15 - 20 mm. When it is manufactured, it is necessary to provide for the exits of the windings from the coils through bolts with nuts. They will be powered by a generator.

The distance between the stator and the rotor is 2 mm.

The essence of the work is that the north and south of the magnets change places, which causes the electric current to "run" through the coil.

Magnets of rotors will be very attracted. To connect the parts smoothly, you need to drill holes in them and cut the thread for the studs. Rotors immediately align with each other and, gradually, with the help of keys, the upper one goes down to the lower one. After all, the temporary stilettos are removed.

Build process

On the mast the bracket for fixing the stator (it can be three or six lobed) is installed.
The hub is fixed above it with nuts.
There are 4 hairpins in the hub. On them the generator is twisted.
The stator of the generator is connected to the bracket fixedly fixed to the mast.
A blade turbine is attached to the second rotor plate.
From the stator wire terminals are connected to the voltage regulator.

Installation of an installation that will turn the wind into energy

To install the assembled structure on a long mast (and it will be quite heavy), you need to do the following:

In the ground, a solid foundation is concreted.
During pouring, pins are poured into it for fastening a powerful hinge (it's easy to do by oneself).
After full hardening, the hinge is put on the studs and fixed with nuts.
The mast is attached to the movable half of the hinge.
In the upper part of the mast with a flange (welded), attach three to four stretches. It will take a steel cable.
For one of the cables, the mast on the hinge rises (you can pull the car).
Stretches fix the strictly vertical position of the mast.

Wind turbine from the tractor generator

Installation location

From the correct location of the location of the windmill will depend on the effectiveness of its work. You need to find a place where the blades will be available the maximum amount of wind.

It should be an open space, a hill or a building roof - away from trees and houses. And it's not just interference, but also that the device produces some noise during the operation, which means it can interfere with the quiet life of its neighbors.

Sometimes, at some distance from the house, a small house is built, in which it is possible to place equipment and accumulators, and on its roof a wind generator is fixed, it is possible even with solar batteries.

Now more and more people are showing interest in alternative energy sources. And the private house is an excellent field for experiments.

The wind energy has been tamed by people for a long time. An example of this is the sailing ships, thanks to which, in the past, seafarers discovered new lands and created a picture of our real world. Also, all probably know the windmills, which were for our ancestors the only mechanized means of labor. They still help people to this day.

Example of a wind generator for installation on the roof

Currently, wind energy is of great interest as an alternative source of electricity. Let's try to figure out whether this excitement is justified around such methods as wind power stations.

Wind power stations

These newfangled devices for generating electricity represent a certain number of generators using wind power for work, combined with other auxiliary equipment. The most advanced countries in the electricity sector are Germany and Denmark. Studies show that energy consumption in these countries is significantly lower than their neighbors. Also, due to the fact that they are introducing renewable energy to other countries, their budget shows a significant increase.

Wind power plants are of two types: with horizontal and vertical arrangement of the axis of rotation.

So it looks like a horizontal wind generator

The first type is also called propeller, and is used most often, since such windmills have the highest efficiency. They are distinguished by a more complex design, including a device for orientation to the wind. Homemade manufacture of propeller type wind turbines is difficult. Such installations operate only at high wind speeds, therefore their use in conditions of weak winds is inexpedient.

The second type is vertical wind generators, they have a simpler design, and are unpretentious with respect to wind speed. The downside of such devices is their low efficiency. Any of the types of windmills has a significant disadvantage - this is a low quality of the received electricity, which obliges to take measures to eliminate this shortcoming. As compensators, stabilizing devices, converters and batteries are used.

horizontal wind generator circuit

The design of a standard wind farm has the following components:

wind motor;
element, guiding the engine in the wind;
reducer;
generator;
charger;
accumulator battery;
inverter (DC to AC converter).

If we do not delve into technical issues, the process of generating electricity by wind farms can be described as follows:

Before installation of the wind generator in a particular place, a number of preparatory measures are carried out.

In this area, the direction and strength of the wind is studied, and if the location turns out to be promising, the question of the profitability of erecting the station is being solved.

Choosing a wind farm

Now in every region of our country you can find organizations offering windmills for the house. The choice of one or another device is made based on the needs of the consumer of electricity. For example, for a multitude of diverse electricity consumers, a powerful installation is required.

In order to make possible the operation of agricultural machinery, it will be sufficient to design a low-power generator. In any case, the calculation and installation of systems using renewable energy resources is best entrusted to specialists. The purchase of a particular type of windmill is preceded by a thorough analysis of the wind speed on the site.

Scheme of wind power plant

Also it is necessary to take into account such moments as average annual electricity consumption and peak loads, as well as the terrain landscape. If within a radius of a hundred meters from the windmill there is a building or, for example, a tree, then the mast should have a height exceeding this obstacle by 10 meters. It is possible, of course, to lift the windmill even higher, however it will be economically impractical.

The positive side of using wind generators

The inexhaustibility of wind energy.
A simpler device and faster payback, compared to other alternative energy sources.
Stable electricity production.
Environmental Safety.

Negative sides of windmills

How much are the wind generators

Windmills vary depending on the strength and wind speed used. The market presents various units in a wide range. A plant with a capacity of up to 6 kW can supply electricity to a store, a cafe or even a small agricultural land.

If there is a need to supply electricity to a medium-sized village, the capacity of the power plant should be around 18-25 kW.

On average, for simple windmills for the house, suppliers will ask at least seven hundred thousand rubles. Installations for solving more serious problems will cost much more, three million is a very real price.

Small wind power

As it was said above, wind power plants are very noisy structures. However, there are also options that are suitable for those places where a high noise level is unacceptable. Small objects, such as shops, can be provided with electricity by such silent installations.

The most popular options at the moment are vertical models, which have the following advantages:

noiseless operation, eliminating vibration;
protection from strong gusts;
protection from lightning;
ability to adjust to the direction of the wind.

Wind turbines for the house can be easily installed with their own hands, and they are easy to operate. There is such a variant of domestic wind generators, like a sail-type windmill. Perhaps he can scare off someone with his external unattractiveness, but his use can be justified even in a weak wind. As well as standard windmills, such units are neutral with regard to environmental pollution, are inexpensive and almost silent.

Prospects for the development of power plants that use wind power

It is said that there will be enough natural resources for our time, however, the time when alternative energy will take the leading position among all options for generating electricity is not far. Even today, in many countries, wind power stations for the home can be found. In our country, alternative energy is developing at a slow pace, which can be explained by poor financing from the state.

Also, the slow development in our country is conditioned by the large reserves of cheaper energy resources. Be that as it may, consumers in our country are faced with high energy tariffs, especially in remote areas. For such places, alternative energy sources are very appropriate, since often there is no centralized energy supply at all.

In defense of the development of wind power in Russia, we can note the fact that our territories have a huge wind power potential. The Far North and the Far East of our country can be attributed to the most windy zones.

In some regions of Russia, wind energy is very actively used, for example:

Chukotsky Autonomous District.
Astrakhan Region.
Republic of Bashkortostan.
Komi Republic.
Kaliningrad region.
Rostov region.
Murmansk region.

As practice shows, wind power plants and other alternative energy sources are at least twice as effective as power stations that use traditional types of energy. Therefore, in order to obtain the same amount of electrical energy, it is necessary to build twice as many stations. Reasoning in this vein, one can come to the conclusion that there is a huge overrun of materials and occupied space, which negatively affects the ecology.

wind farm in California

Investments for the construction of wind turbines are comparable to the costs of building a nuclear power plant, with the calculation of the generated capacity. If we talk about the cost of the generated kilowatt of electricity, then contrary to beliefs it is non-zero. All due to the fact that there are operational costs.

It can be concluded that the renewability of energy is somewhat arbitrary, since non-renewable materials are used for the construction of wind farms, the production of which, by the way, is far from being environmentally friendly.

Development alternative energy, in which wind energy is used, is proceeding slowly because of the enormous laboriousness of the process of manufacturing equipment, the need for large areas and the instability of work.

How to make wind power stations with your own hands

It's no secret that the cost of windmills is very high, and not everyone can afford it.

An example of a homemade windmill

Therefore, more and more "Kulibin" attempts to make such installations themselves. In order to make a windmill with your own hands you will need:

Plywood or sheet iron.
Tree.
Steel strip.
Steel pipe.
Bearings.

The first thing to do is weld the rotor spider and the shaft. In those cases where wood is used instead of metal, glue must be used to attach to the axis. The blades are fastened with bolted joints at the same distance from each other. When the drum is assembled, the joints are treated with paint. The next stage is the creation of the frame. To do this, you need corners and ball bearings.

After another coat of paint is applied, the lower end of the axis is complemented by pulleys. Next, it is necessary to hook the belt onto the pulley and connect it to the generator. Such self-made windmills have a capacity of about 800 W, and are designed for wind speeds up to ten meters per second.

Domestic Windmills

To provide electricity to the house, in which a family of four lives, a windmill with a capacity of 10 kW is required at least. More suitable option, providing several low-power wind generators, combined in a common system.

In order that nothing could affect the power supply of the object, it is recommended to use several types of alternative sources in one system. In the end, it turns out that if the wind energy is weak, can help out, but if this is not enough, you can resort to the help of a diesel generator.

It has now become much easier to receive electricity from alternative sources, wind power also belongs to them. Today, a small windmill for a country house or suburban area can be collected by almost every enthusiast with their own hands, how exactly this can be done correctly, read in this article.

There are two variants of the design of windmills:

Windmill (wind generator) with vertical axis.
Windmill (wind generator) with horizontal axis.

The principle of the wind generator.

The principle by which any windmill works is the same. The wind rotates the blades, which, in turn, rotate the rotor of the generator of electrical energy. In the stator placed in the generator case, a magnetic field is generated and an alternating current is generated, which we need for further use.

There are a lot of wind turbine designs, they can differ both in power and appearance.

However, for all models of devices there are the main constituent parts:

Electric generator.
The blades.
Current Inverter.
Reducer (sometimes).

A current inverter is required to convert the resulting AC current to DC. Reducer is needed to increase the number of revolutions of the shaft, which, in turn, increases the efficiency of the windmill.

However, reducers do not put on all windmills, they are often installed on wind generators high power.
Received electric Energy through the controller is fed to the batteries, and then to the inverter. Here the current is converted, stabilized and fed to lighting devices or small household appliances 220v.

Scheme connecting a homemade windmill 220v

We create a wind generator with our own hands at home.

An uncomplicated low-power windmill can be created at home. Based on the selected type of wind turbine, you can start assembling it.
An example of a wind turbine assembly will be considered on a hybrid model combining the Darier and Savonius generator.

Assembling the rotor

The basis of the rotor will be.

Windmill rotor with own hands

On each of the metal disks, neodymium magnets are placed in an amount of 6 pcs, while alternating their polarity and placing them at an angle of 60 degrees, the diameter of the circumference of the magnets should be 165 mm.

On the second disk, annular magnets are likewise arranged. To ensure that in the process of working the magnets firmly "sat" in their places they are filled with epoxy resin.

We collect the stator.

The basis for the stator will be 9 coils with wound 60 turns on each, the thickness of the wire used should be 1 mm. Next, the 1.4.7th coils for the first phase, 2.5.8 for the second phase and, respectively, 3.6.9 for the third phase are connected in series.

In a pre-prepared form of plywood are stacked - a layer of parchment paper, fiberglass and finished coils. After that, the contents are filled with epoxy. After solidification, a finished stator is removed from the mold.

We collect the generator.

All parts of the generator are ready, and you can start assembling them. The generator will be fixed using a bracket with studs. Generator assembly consists of several stages:

In the lower and upper rotors 4 holes are marked and drilled, then the thread for the studs is cut. This is necessary in order to smoothly put the rotors in place.
In the stator similar to the rotor, the same holes for the studs are drilled.
The lower rotor is fixed to the bracket with magnets upwards, then the stator and the upper rotor, which is turned with magnets, is placed down.
The entire structure is fixed with pins and nuts to the flange with bearings.

Windmill blades are made of various materials: wood, fiberglass, aluminum. A rather interesting solution is the manufacture of blades made of PVC pipes. This design is good in that it has very little weight and allows the generator to rotate even at very low wind speeds.

Making blades

Take meter billets from PVC pipes and cut along into two equal parts.
Cut out the semicircles of the future blades of tin and bolted to the edges of the pipes. For manufacturing, galvanized steel having a thickness of 0.75 mm can be used.

For the manufacture of orthogonal blades, it is necessary to cut out two pieces of tin with dimensions of 1000x40 mm and 4 parts in the form of a drop. The pieces are bent at the edges and drops are attached to them. The blades are attached to the finished frame in size 200x200 mm.
Further, the windmill is installed on the mast and the wires and equipment are installed. Such windmills are not very difficult to assemble and will allow owners of summer cottages and private houses to be autonomous from power grids.