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Temperature of living space in winter. How many degrees of heat should be in the winter in the apartment

Heating batteries are today the main existing elements of the heating system in urban apartments. They are effective household devices responsible for the transfer of heat, since it is from them and their temperatures that comfort and coziness in the living quarters for citizens directly depend.

If to refer to the Governmental Resolution Russian Federation №354 dated May 6, 2011, the supply of heating to residential apartments begins at an average daily air temperature of less than eight degrees, if such a mark invariably holds for five days. At the same time, heat starts on the sixth day after a decrease in the air indicator was recorded. For all other cases, the law provides for the postponement of the supply of a heat resource. In general, practically in all regions of the country the actual heating season directly and officially begins in mid-October and ends in April.

In practice, it also happens that due to the negligent attitude of heat supply enterprises, the measured temperature installed batteries in the apartment does not comply with regulated standards. However, in order to complain and demand correction of the situation, it is necessary to know what standards are in place in Russia and how to correctly measure the available temperature of working radiators.

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Norms in Russia

Considering the main indicators, the official temperatures of the heating batteries in the apartment are standardized as shown below. They are applicable for absolutely all operating systems in which, in direct accordance with the resolution of the Federal Agency for Construction and Housing and Communal Services No. 170 dated September 27, 2003, the coolant (water) is fed from the bottom up.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the temperature of the water that circulates in the radiator directly at the entrance to the functioning heating system must correspond to the current schedules, the regulated utility networks for a particular room. These schedules are regulated by the Sanitary norms and rules in the sections of heating, air conditioning and ventilation (41-01-2003). Here, in particular, it is indicated that with a two-pipe heating system, the maximum temperature indices are equal to ninety-five degrees, and for a single-tube heating system, one hundred and five degrees. Measurements should be carried out sequentially in accordance with established rules, otherwise when referring to the higher authorities the testimony will not be taken into account.

Supported temperature

The temperature of the heating batteries in residential apartments in centralized heating is determined according to the relevant standards, showing a sufficient value for the premises, depending on their intended purpose. In this area, the standards are simpler than in the case of working premises, as the tenants' activity is in principle not so high and more or less stable. Proceeding from this, such norms are regulated:

Of course, one should take into account the individual characteristics of each person, all have different activities and preferences, that's why there is a difference in the norms from and to, and not one single indicator is fixed.

Requirements for heating systems

Heating in apartment buildings Based on the result of many engineering calculations, which are not always very successful. The process is complicated by the fact that it is not to deliver hot water to a particular real estate object, but to evenly distribute water to all existing apartments, taking into account all the norms and necessary indicators, including optimum humidity. The effectiveness of such a system depends on how well the actions of its elements are coordinated, which also includes batteries and pipes in each room. Therefore, it is impossible to replace radiator batteries without taking into account the peculiarities of the heating systems - this leads to negative consequences with a heat deficit or vice versa with an overabundance.

As for the optimization of heating apartments, there are such provisions:

In any case, if the owner is embarrassed something, it is worth applying to the management company, housing and communal services, the organization responsible for the supply of heat - depending on what is different from the accepted norms and does not satisfy the applicant.

What should I do if there are inconsistencies?

If the functioning heating systems in a multi-unit apartment house are functionally functioning with variations in the measured temperature only in your premises, you need to check the internal heating systems. First of all, you should make sure that they are not zazvozhensheny. It is necessary to touch the individual batteries on the floor in rooms from top to bottom and in reverse side - if the temperature is uneven, then the cause of the imbalance is air-squeezing and it is necessary to release the air by turning a separate tap on radiator batteries. It is important to remember that you can not open the faucet without first putting any capacity under it, where the water will drain. At first the water will come out with a hissing, that is, with air, the tap should be closed when it flows without hissing and smooth. Some time later should check the places on the battery, which were cold - they should now be warm.

If the reason is not in the air, you need to apply to the management company. In turn, it must within 24 hours send to the applicant a responsible technician who must draw up a written opinion on the non-compliance of the temperature regime and send the team to correct the existing problems.

If the complaint management Company did not react, it is necessary to take measurements independently in the presence of neighbors.

How to measure the temperature?

You should consider how to correctly measure the temperature of the radiator. It is necessary to prepare a special thermometer, open the tap and put under it some capacity with this thermometer. Immediately worth noting - it is permissible to deviate only upwards by four degrees. If this is done problematically, you need to contact the housing office, if the batteries are inflated - apply to the DeS. Within one week, all must be corrected.

There are additional ways to measure the temperature of the heating batteries, namely:

If the temperature is not satisfactory, you should file an appropriate complaint.

Minimum and maximum performance

Like other indicators that are important to ensure the required conditions for people's lives (moisture indicators in apartments, feed temperatures warm water, air, etc.), the temperature of the heating battery has a certain allowable minimum depending on the time of the year. Nevertheless, neither the law nor the established norms prescribe any minimum standards for apartment batteries. Based on this, it can be noted that the indicators should be preserved so that the permissible indoor temperatures mentioned above are normally maintained. Of course, if the temperature of the water in the batteries is not high enough, it will in fact be impossible to provide the optimum required temperature in the apartment.

If the minimum is not established, then the maximum rate Sanitary norms and rules, in particular 41-01-2003, establish. This document defines the norms that are required for an internal heating system. As mentioned earlier, for two-pipe it is a ninety-five degree mark, and for single-tube ones it is one hundred and fifteen degrees centigrade. Nevertheless, the recommended temperatures are from eighty-five degrees to ninety, because at a hundred degrees the water boils.

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To feel comfortable in an apartment or in your own home during the winter period, a reliable heating system is required. In a multi-storey house - this is usually a centralized network, in private homeownership - autonomous heating. For the end user, the main element of any heating system is a battery. From the heat coming from her depends comfort and comfort in the house. The temperature of the heating batteries in the apartment, its norm is regulated by legislative documents.

Standards for heating radiators

If in the house or apartment the autonomous heating, the adjustment of the temperature of the heating batteries and the care for maintaining the thermal regime rests with the owner of the housing. In a multi-storey building with centralized heating, the responsible organization is responsible for compliance with the standards. Heating rates are developed on the basis of sanitary standards, extending to residential and non-residential premises. The basis of the calculations is the need of the ordinary organism. Optimum values are established by legislation and are reflected in SNiP.

It will be warm and comfortable in the apartment only when the norms of heat supply, stipulated by law

When heat is connected and what are the standards

The beginning of the heating season on the territory of Russia falls at a time when the temperature readings fall below + 8 ° C. Turn off the heating when the mercury column rises to + 8 ° C and above, and keeps at this level for 5 days.

To determine if the battery temperature corresponds to the standards, it is necessary to measure

Minimum temperature specifications

In accordance with the norms of heat supply, the minimum temperature should be as follows:

living rooms: + 18 ° C;
corner rooms: + 20 ° C;
bathrooms: + 25 ° C;
kitchen: + 18 ° C;
staircases and vestibules: + 16 ° C;
basement: + 4 ° C;
attics: + 4 ° C;
elevators: + 5 ° C.

This value is measured indoors at a distance of one meter from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the floor. With hourly deviations from the established standards, the heating fee is reduced by 0.15%. The water must be heated to + 50 ° C - + 70 ° C. Its temperature is measured with a thermometer, lowering it to a special mark in a container with tap water.

Norms for SanPiN 2.1.2.1002-00

Cold in the apartment: what to do and where to go

If the radiators do not heat well, the temperature of the water in the tap will be lower than normal. In this case tenants have the right to write a statement with a request for verification. Representatives of the municipal service conduct an inspection of the water supply and heating systems, constitute an act. The second copy is transferred to the tenants.

If the batteries are not warm enough, you need to contact the organization responsible for the heat supply at home

When the complaint is confirmed, the authorized organization must correct it within a week. The recalculation of the rent is made if the temperature in the room deviates from the permissible norm, and also when the water in the radiators during the daytime is below the normative by 3 ° C, at night - by 5 ° C.

Quality requirements utilities, prescribed in the Resolution of May 6, 2011 No. 354 on the rules for providing public services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings

Air multiplicity parameters

Multiplicity of air exchange is a parameter that must be observed in heated rooms. In the living room area of 18 m² or 20 m² the value of the multiplicity should be 3 m³ / h per square meter. m. The same parameters should be observed in regions with a temperature of -31 ° C and below.

In apartments equipped with gas and electric cookers with two burners, and kitchens of the hostel with an area of up to 18 m², the aeration is 60 m³ / h. In rooms with three burners, this value is 75 m³ / h, with a gas stove with four burners - 90 m³ / h.

In a 25 m² bathroom this parameter is 25 m³ / h, in an 18 m ² toilet 25 m³ / h. If the bathroom is combined and its area is 25 m², the air exchange rate will be 50 m³ / h.

Methods for measuring the heating of radiators

In the cocks year-round hot water is supplied, heated to + 50 ° C - + 70 ° C. AT heating period This water is filled with heating devices. To measure its temperature, the faucet is opened and a container is inserted under the stream of water, into which the thermometer is lowered. Deviations are allowed four degrees upwards. If the problem exists, file a complaint with the Housing and Communal Services. If the radiators are airborne, the application must be written in the DEZ. The specialist must appear within a week and fix everything.

Availability measuring device It will allow to constantly control the temperature regime

Methods for measuring the heating of heating batteries:

The heating of the pipe and radiator surfaces is measured with a thermometer. To the result, 1-2 ° C is added.
For the most accurate measurements, an infrared thermometer-pyrometer is used, which determines the reading to within 0.5 ° C.
A constant instrument for measuring can be an alcohol thermometer, which is applied to the radiator, glued with adhesive tape, and topped with foam rubber or other heat insulating material.
Heating of the heat carrier is also measured by electrical measuring instruments with the function "measure temperature". For measurement, wire with a thermocouple is screwed to the radiator.

By regularly recording the data of the device, fixing the testimony in the photo, you can submit a claim to the supplier of heat

Important! If the radiators are not heated enough, after submitting an application to an authorized organization, a commission should come to you, which will measure the temperature of the circulating fluid in the heating system. Actions of the commission should comply with paragraph 4 of the "Control Methods" in accordance with GOST 30494-96. The device used for measurements must be registered, certified and pass state verification. Its temperature range should be in the range from +5 to + 40 ° С, the permissible error is 0,1 ° С.

Adjustment of radiators of heating

Adjusting the temperature of the heating batteries is necessary in order to save on heating the room. In apartments of high-rise buildings, the heating bill will decrease only after installing the meter. If a boiler is installed in a private house that automatically maintains a stable temperature, regulators may not be needed. If the equipment is not automated, the savings will be substantial.

What is adjustment needed for?

Adjusting the batteries will help to achieve not only the maximum comfort, but also:

Remove air, ensure coolant flow through the pipeline and return heat to the room.
Reduce energy consumption by 25%.
Do not open windows permanently due to overheating of the room.

Heating adjustment must be carried out before the start of the heating season. Before this you need to insulate all the windows. In addition, take into account the location of the apartment:

angular;
in the middle part of the house;
on the lower or upper floors.

warming of walls, corners, floors;
hydro- and heat insulation of joints between panels.

Without these measures, adjustment will not be beneficial, since more than half of the heat will warm the street.

Warming corner apartment will help to minimize heat loss

The principle of adjusting the radiators

How to properly adjust the heating batteries? To rationally use heat and ensure uniform heating, the batteries are installed valves. With their help, you can reduce the flow of water or disconnect the radiator from the system.

In district heating systems of high-rise buildings with a pipeline through which the coolant is fed from the top down, it is impossible to regulate the radiators. On the upper floors of such houses it is hot, on the lower floors it is cold.
In a single-pipe network, the coolant is supplied to each battery with a return to the central riser. The heat here is evenly distributed. Regulating valves are mounted on the supply pipes of radiators.
AT two-pipe systems with two risers, the coolant supply is made to the battery and back. Each of them is equipped with a separate valve with a manual or automatic thermostat.

Types of control valves

Modern technologies allow the use of special adjustment valves, which are heat exchangers stop valves, connected to the battery. There are several types of cranes that allow you to regulate heat.

The operating principle of the control valves

According to the principle of action they are:

Ball, providing 100% protection against accidents. Can rotate 90 degrees, let in water or block the coolant.
Standard budget valves without temperature scale. Partially change the temperature, blocking the access of the heat carrier to the radiator.
With thermal head, regulating and controlling the parameters of the system. They are mechanical and automatic.

Exploitation ball valve reduces to turning the adjuster to one side.

Note! The ball valve must not remain half-open, as this may cause damage to the sealing ring, resulting in leakage.

Conventional direct thermostat

The direct-acting thermostat is a simple device installed near the radiator, which allows controlling the temperature in it. Structurally it is a sealed cylinder with a bellows inserted in it, filled with a special liquid or gas, capable of reacting to temperature changes. Its increase causes the expansion of the filler, which increases the pressure on the rod in the regulator valve. It moves and blocks the flow of the coolant. Cooling the radiator causes the reverse process.

The direct thermostat is installed in the heating system piping

Thermostat with electronic sensor

The principle of operation of the device is similar to the previous version, the difference is only in the settings. In a conventional thermoregulator, they are performed manually, in the electronic sensor the temperature is set in advance and is maintained automatically within the specified limits (from 6 to 26 degrees) automatically.

The programmable thermostat of heating radiators with an internal sensor is installed when it is possible to horizontally place its axis

The instruction on adjustment of heat

How to regulate the battery, what actions should be taken to ensure comfortable conditions in the house:

From each battery air is released until the water flows from the tap.
The pressure is regulated. To do this, in the first battery from the boiler, the valve opens for two turns, the second - three turns, etc., adding one turn for each subsequent radiator. Such a scheme ensures optimal passage of the coolant and warming up.
AT enforcement systems Heating medium pumping and control of heat consumption are carried out with the help of regulating valves.
To regulate heat in the flow system, built-in thermostats are used.
In two-pipe systems, in addition to the main parameter, the quantity of coolant in manual and automatic mode is controlled.

A selection of video topics on the topic

What is needed and how does the thermal head for radiators work:

Comparison of temperature control methods:

Comfortable accommodation in apartments of high-rise buildings, in country houses and cottages is provided by maintaining a certain thermal regime in the premises. Modern systems Heat supply allows you to install regulators that maintain the required temperature. If the installation of regulators is not possible, the responsibility for the heat in your apartment is borne by the heat supplying the organization, which you can turn to if the air in the room does not warm up to the values stipulated by the regulations.

Came the cold, central heating turned on, and you do not want to shoot your favorite sweater? Find out what should be the temperature of the batteries in the apartment according to the norms.

As soon as the apartment becomes cooler, you start to think about buying. But no matter how super-modern it may be, it is still an additional cost. If everything has to pay an impressive amount for centralized heating, it becomes quite sad. Therefore, at first, until frost hit, you need to buy a thermometer and check whether the indicators are below normal.

How to measure the temperature of a heating battery

This is the first thing that comes to mind when, feeling the radiator, you understand that it is barely warm. There are also norms: not less than 35-40 ° C, but not more than 95 degrees of heat carrier heating, and ideally from 50 to 70 ° C. The easiest way to check - turn off the tap, merge hot water and measure its temperature. If there is no such possibility, then the usual thermometer is applied to the radiator, adding a couple of degrees to the result. It is very good to make such measurements by an infrared pyrometer.

As we see, the accuracy of such measurements is relative. Therefore, to monitor compliance with the rules better on the microclimate in the apartment. In any residential building, the air must be at least 18 ° C warm, of course, with closed windows.

A little warmer should be in the corner rooms - 20 ° C. From 12 am to 5 am, the indicators can be reduced by 3 degrees, at other times the deviation is unacceptable. In this case, the location of the apartment does not play a role, the main thing is that it is residential. Even in a semi-basement room should not be colder.

Cold batteries in the apartment where to complain

They gave heating, and the batteries are cold, what should I do? If the temperature of the radiators in the apartment does not correspond to the norm, then it is necessary to contact the executing organization. You can call, but it's better to go to the emergency dispatch service after all. For this, it is necessary to write all the claims in duplicate in writing. One remains in the service, and on the other must put the incoming registration number.

After the adoption of the application, immediately, it is necessary to specify the time when representatives of this organization will come to conduct the audit. If the time is not agreed, then the commission must arrive no later than two hours after the appeal. Further, temperature measurements are made and a corresponding act is made. It is desirable to attract representatives of the public to the signing. They have the right to sign an act if the opinions of the consumer and the performer diverge.

Compensation for the provision of substandard services

For deviation from the norm, you can require recalculation. For each "underheated" hour the monthly fee for heating is reduced by 0.15%. It should be borne in mind that the performers also have rules on which they can make a break in the provision of the service:

in total not more than 24 hours per month;
not more than 16 consecutive hours at a room temperature of 12 - 18 degrees;
no more than 8 - at 10 - 12 ° C;
no more than 4 - at 8 - 10 ° C indoors.

If the executor does not sink in excess of this norm and on the basis of the act of claim refuses to make recalculation, then the consumer has the legal right to sue.

The efficiency of the heating system depends on many factors. These include the rated power, the degree of heat dissipation of the radiators and the operating temperature. For the last parameter it is important to choose the correct degree of heating of the coolant. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimum temperature in the heating system for water, radiators and the boiler.

What determines the temperature of the water in the heating

For proper operation of heat supply, a graph of the water temperature in the heating system is required. According to it, the optimum degree of heating of the coolant is determined depending on the influence of various external factors. It can be used to determine which temperature of the water in the heating batteries should be in a certain period of time the system works.

A common misconception is that the higher the degree of heating of the coolant, the better. However, at the same time, fuel consumption increases, and current costs increase.

Often the low temperature of the heating batteries is not a violation of the norms of heating the room. A low-temperature heat supply system was simply designed. That is why accurate calculation of water heating should be given special attention.

The optimum water temperature in heating pipes depends largely on external factors. To determine it, you need to consider the following parameters:

Heat losses at home. They are crucial for the calculation of any type of heat supply. Their calculation will be the first stage in the design of heat supply;
Boiler characteristics. If the work of this component does not meet the design requirements - the water temperature in the heating system of a private house will not rise to the required level;
Material for the manufacture of pipes and radiators. In the first case it is necessary to use pipes with a minimum value of thermal conductivity. This will reduce the heat loss in the system during the transport of the coolant from the boiler's heat exchanger to the radiators. For batteries, the reverse is important - high thermal conductivity. Therefore, the water temperature in the radiators central heating, made of cast iron, should be slightly higher than that of aluminum or bimetallic structures.

Can you determine on your own what temperature should be in the heating batteries? It depends on the characteristics of the components of the system. For this you should familiarize yourself with the properties of batteries, boiler and heat supply pipes.

AT centralized system Heating the temperature of the heating pipes in the apartment is not an important indicator. It is important that the norms of air heating in living rooms are observed.

Heating rates in apartments and houses

In fact, the degree of heating of water in pipes and radiators of heat supply is a subjective indicator. It is much more important to know the heat transfer of the system. It, in turn, depends on which minimum and maximum water temperature in the heating system can be reached during operation.

The norms of central heating are quite applicable for autonomous heating. They are detailed in the decision of the PRF №354. It is noteworthy that there is no indication of the minimum water temperature in the heating system.

It is important only to observe the degree of heating of air in the room. Therefore, in principle, the temperature regime of the operation of one system can be different from the other. Everything depends on the influencing factors that were mentioned above.

In order to determine what temperature should be in the heating pipes, you should familiarize yourself with the current regulations. In their content there is a division into residential and non-residential premises, as well as the dependence of the degree of air heating on the time of day:

In the rooms in the daytime. In this case, the norm of the heating temperature in the apartment should leave + 18 ° C for the premises in the middle of the house and + 20 ° C in the corner rooms;
In the living rooms at night. A slight decrease is permissible. But at the same time the temperature of the radiators in the apartment should provide respectively + 15 ° C and + 17 ° C.

The management company is responsible for observing these standards. In case of violation, you can request a recalculation of payment for heating services. For autonomous heat supply, a table of temperatures for heating is made, where the values of the heating of the coolant and the degree of loading on the system are introduced. No one is responsible for the violation of this schedule. This will affect the comfort of staying in a private home.

For centralized heating it is mandatory to maintain the required level of air heating in the stairwells and non-residential premises. The temperature of the water in the heating batteries must be such that the air is heated to a minimum value of + 12 ° C.

Calculation of the temperature regime of the heating operation

During the calculation of heat supply, it is necessary to take into account the properties of all components. In particular, this applies to radiators. What optimum temperature should be in heating batteries - + 70 ° С or + 95 ° С? It all depends on thermal calculation, which is performed at the design stage.

First you need to determine the heat loss in the building. Based on the data obtained, a boiler with the appropriate power is selected. Then comes the most difficult stage of design - the determination of the parameters of heat-supply batteries.

They must have a certain level of heat transfer, which will affect the graph of the water temperature in the heating system. Manufacturers specify this parameter, but only for a certain operating mode of the system.

If for maintenance of a comfortable level of heating of air in a room it is required to spend 2 kW of thermal energy - means radiators should have not less heat transfer index.

To determine this, you need to know the following values:

Permissible maximum water temperature in the heating system -t1. It depends on the capacity of the boiler, the temperature limit of the impact on the pipes (especially polymeric);
Optimumtemperature, which should be in return pipes heating - t This is determined by the type of wiring (single-pipe or two-pipe) and the total length of the system;
The required degree of air heating in the room -t.

Tnap = (t1-t2) * ((t1-t2) / 2-t3)

Q = k * F * Tnap

Where k Heat transfer coefficient of the heating device. This parameter must be indicated in the passport; F - area of the radiator; Tnap - Thermal head.

By varying the various parameters of the maximum and minimum water temperature in the heating system, you can determine the optimum operating mode of the system. It is important to correctly calculate the required heating capacity from the very beginning. Most often, the indicator of low temperature in heating batteries is associated with errors in heating design. Specialists recommend to the obtained value of the heatsink power to add a small reserve - about 5%. It will be necessary in case of a critical drop in temperature outside in the winter.

Most manufacturers indicate the heat transfer of the radiators in accordance with the accepted standards EN 442 for the 75/65/20 mode. This corresponds to the norm of the heating temperature in the apartment.

Water temperature in the boiler and heating pipes

After completing the above calculation, it is necessary to adapt the heating temperature table for the boiler and pipes. During the operation of the heat supply, emergency situations should not occur, the frequent cause of which is a violation of the temperature graph.

The normal temperature of water in central heating batteries can be up to + 90 ° C. This is strictly monitored at the stage of preparation of the coolant, its transportation and distribution to residential apartments.

The situation with autonomous heat supply is much more complicated. In this case, the control depends entirely on the owner of the house. It is important to ensure that the water temperature in the heating pipes is not exceeded, which is beyond the scope of the chart. This can affect the safety of the system.

If the indicator of the water temperature in the private house heating system exceeds the norm, the following situations can occur:

Damage to pipelines. In particular, this applies to polymeric pipelines, in which the maximum heating can be + 85 ° C. That is why the normal value of the temperature of heating pipes in an apartment is usually + 70 ° C. Otherwise, deformation of the highway may occur and a rush will occur;
Excess air heating. If the temperature of the heat radiators in the apartment provokes an increase in the degree of heating of the air above + 27 ° C - this is beyond the norm;
Reduction of the life of the heating components. This applies to both radiators and pipes. Over time, the maximum temperature of the water in the heat supply system will lead to a breakdown.

Also a violation of the water temperature graph in the system autonomous heating provokes the formation of air congestion. This is due to the transition of the coolant from the liquid state to the gaseous state. In addition, this affects the formation of corrosion on the surface of the metal components of the system. That is why it is necessary to accurately calculate what temperature should be in the heat supply batteries, given their material of manufacture.

The most frequent violation of the thermal regime of operation is observed in solid fuel boilers. This is due to the problem of adjusting their power. When the critical temperature level in the heating pipes is reached, it is difficult to quickly reduce the boiler output.

Effect of temperature on the properties of the coolant

In addition to the above factors, the temperature of the water in the heat supply pipes affects its properties. This principle is based on the operation of gravitational heating systems. When the water heating level is increased, its expansion occurs and circulation occurs.

However, in the case of using antifreezes, exceeding the standard temperature in the heating batteries can lead to other results. Therefore, for heat supply with a coolant other than water, you first need to know the permissible parameters of its heating. This does not apply to the temperature of central heating heat sinks in the apartment, since fluids based on antifreezes are not used in such systems.

Antifreeze is used in the event that there is a possibility of low temperature influence on the heating batteries. Unlike water, it does not begin to change from a liquid state to a crystalline state when it reaches 0 ° C. However, if the work of heat supply is included in the norms of the temperature table for heating upwards, the following phenomena can occur:

Foaming. This entails an increase in the volume of the coolant and, as a consequence, an increase in the pressure. The reverse process will not be observed when the antifreeze cools down;
Formation of calcareous plaque. The composition of antifreeze includes a certain amount of mineral components. If the norm of the heating temperature in the apartment is violated in a larger direction, their precipitation begins. Over time, this will lead to clogging of pipes and radiators;
Increase in the density indicator. Malfunctions may occur circulating pump, if its nominal power was not calculated for the occurrence of such situations.

Therefore, it is much easier to monitor the water temperature in the heat supply system of a private house than to control the degree of antifreeze heating. In addition, the compositions on the basis of ethylene glycol during evaporation release a gas harmful to humans. At present, they are practically not used as a coolant in autonomous systems heat supply.

Before pouring in the heating of the antifreeze, all rubber gaskets must be replaced with paranitic gaskets. This is due to the increased permeability index of this type of coolant.

Ways to normalize the temperature regime of heating

The minimum value of water temperature in the heating system is not the main threat to its operation. This, of course, affects the microclimate in living quarters, but in no way affects the functioning of heat supply. If the water heating rate is exceeded, emergency situations may occur.

When designing the heating scheme, it is necessary to provide for a number of measures aimed at eliminating the critical increase in the water temperature. First of all, this will lead to an increase in pressure and an increase in the load on the internal surface of pipes and radiators.

If this phenomenon is one-time and short-lived - the components of the heat supply may not suffer. However, such situations arise with the constant impact of certain factors. Most often this is the incorrect operation of a solid fuel boiler.

Setting up a security group. It consists of an air vent, a drain valve and a manometer. If the temperature of the water reaches a critical level - these components remove the excess coolant, thereby ensuring a normal circulation of the fluid for its natural cooling;
Mixing unit. It connects the return pipe and the supply pipe. In addition, a two-way valve with servo drive is installed. The latter is connected to the temperature sensor. If the value of the degree of heating exceeds the norm - the valve opens and mixing of hot and cooled water flows;
Electronic heating control unit. It records the temperature of the water in various parts of the system. In the event of a thermal failure, it will issue the appropriate command to the boiler processor to reduce power.

These measures will help to prevent incorrect heating operation even at the initial stage of the problem. It is most difficult to regulate the water temperature level in systems with a solid fuel boiler. Therefore, for them special attention should be paid to the selection of the parameters of the safety group and the mixing unit.

The influence of water temperature on its circulation in heating is described in detail in the video: