Protection of waterworks. The boundaries of sanitary protection zones
State sanitary and epidemiological regulation
Russian Federation
State sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations
2.1.4 DRINKING WATER AND WATER SUPPLY OF PUBLIC AREAS
Zones sanitary protection water supply sources and drinking water pipelines
Sanitary rules and regulations
SanPiN2.1.4.1110-02
Ministry of Health of Russia
Moscow2002
1. Developed by the Department of Human Ecology and Hygiene environment Moscow Medical Academy. THEM. Sechenov (prof. Mazayev VT, associate professor Shlepnina TG), Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene named after V.I. A.N. Sysina RAMS (Ph.D. Nedachin A.E.), Federal Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Kudryavtseva B.M.), Ph.D. Gasilina M.M., with the participation of the Department of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Health of Russia (A.P. Veselov).
3. Approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation G.G. Onishchenko February 26, 2002
4. Introduced into force by the order of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of March 14, 2002 No. 10 from June 1, 2002.
5. Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on April 24, 2002, Registration number 3399.
6. Sanitary rules and norms "Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and water pipelines of household and drinking water supply. SanPiN2.1.4.027-95" from the moment SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02 enters into force (Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated March 14, 2002 No. No. 11).
APPROVED
Chief State
sanitary doctor of the Russian
Federation - First Deputy
Minister of Health
Russian Federation
G.G. Onischenko
2.1.4 DRINKING WATER AND WATER SUPPLY OF PUBLIC AREAS
Zones of sanitary protection of sources
water supply and plumbing
drinking purpose
Sanitary rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02
1. General Provisions
1.1. Sanitary rules and norms (SanPiN) "Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines" were developed on the basis of the Federal Law "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" dated March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, 1650), Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2000 No. 554, which approved the "Provisions for the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation" and "Provisions on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standards" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 31, Art. . 3295).
1.2. These sanitary rules and norms determine the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization and operation of sanitary protection zones (SPZ) of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines.
1.3. Compliance with sanitary rules is mandatory for citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities.
1.4. Zones of sanitary protection are organized on all water pipelines, regardless of departmental affiliation, supplying water from both surface and underground sources.
The main goal of creating and ensuring the regime in the WSS is sanitary protection from pollution of water supply sources and water supply facilities, as well as the territories on which they are located.
1.5. Zones of sanitary protection are organized in the composition of three zones: the first zone (strict regime) includes the territory of the location of water intakes, sites of all water supply structures and a water supply canal. Its purpose is to protect the water intake and water intake facilities accidental or intentional contamination and damage. The second and third zones (zones of restrictions) include the territory intended to prevent water pollution from water supply sources.
Sanitary protection of water pipelines is provided by a sanitary protection zone.
In each of the three zones, as well as within the sanitary protection zone, according to their purpose, a special regime is established and a set of measures is determined to prevent deterioration of water quality.
1.6. The organization of the WSS should be preceded by the development of its project, which includes:
a) determination of the boundaries of the zone and its constituent belts;
b) a plan of measures to improve the sanitary state of the territory of the WSS and prevent pollution of the source;
c) the rules and regime of economic use of the territories of the three zones of the SPZ.
When developing a project for a water treatment plant for large water pipelines, a provision on a water treatment plant is preliminarily created, containing the hygienic foundations of their organization for a given water supply system.
1.7. Determination of the boundaries of the WSS and the development of a set of necessary organizational, technical, hygienic and anti-epidemic measures depend on the type of water supply sources (underground or surface), designed or used for drinking water supply, on the degree of their natural protection and possible microbial or chemical pollution.
1.8. Water pipelines with under-channel water intake of the WSS should be organized as for a surface source of water supply.
Water pipelines with artificial replenishment groundwater SSS is organized both for a surface source (relative to the water intake for infiltration basins) and for an underground source (to protect infiltration basins and production wells).
1.9. The fundamental decision on the possibility of organizing a WSS is made at the stage of the district planning project or master plan, when a water supply source is selected. In the general plans for the development of populated areas, the zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources are indicated on the planning constraints scheme.
When choosing a source of drinking water supply for a separate facility, the possibility of organizing a WSS should be determined at the stage of selecting a site for the construction of a water intake.
1.10. Nasanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the choice to the center of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, the customer submits materials characterizing the source of water supply, incl. approximate boundaries of the WSS and possible sources of pollution. The volume of materials is specified in the app. 1.
The act on the selection of the site (route) is signed in the presence of a positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the center of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance.
1.11. The ZSO project should be part of drinking water supply project and be developed simultaneously with the latter. For existing water pipelines that do not have established sanitary protection zones, the project of a water treatment plant is being developed specially.
1.12. The composition of the project of the WSS should include a text part, cartographic material, a list of planned activities, agreed with land users, deadlines for their implementation and performers.
1.12.1. The text part should contain:
a) characterization of the sanitary state of water supply sources;
b) analyzes of water quality in the amount provided by the current sanitary standards and the rules;
c) hydrological data (basic parameters and their dynamics in time) - for a near-surface source of water supply or hydrogeological data - for an underground source;
d) data characterizing the mutual influence of an underground source and a surface water body in the presence of a hydraulic connection between them;
e) data on the prospects of construction in the area of the location of the source of domestic and drinking water supply, incl. residential, industrial and agricultural facilities;
f) determination of the boundaries of the first, second and third zones of the SSS with appropriate justification and a list of measures with an indication of the deadlines and responsible organizations, individual entrepreneurs, with the definition of funding sources;
g) rules and regime of economic use of territories included in the sanitary protection zone of all belts.
1.12.2. Cartographic material should be presented in the following volume:
a) a situational plan with the projected boundaries of the second and third zones of the WSS and the application of places of water intakes and sites of water supply facilities, a water supply source and its supply pool (with tributaries) on a scale - a near-surface water supply source - 1:50 000 - 1: 100 000, with underground -1 : 10,000 - 1:25,000;
b) hydrological profiles along characteristic directions within the area of water intake supply - with an underground source of water supply;
c) the plan of the first zone of the ZSO on a scale of 1: 500 - 1: 1000;
d) the plan of the second and third zones of the WSS on a scale of 1:10 000 - 1:25 000 - with an underground water source and on a scale of 1:25 000 - 1:50 000 - with a surface water source with the application of all objects located on this territory.
1.13. The project of the SSO with the action plan must have the conclusion of the center of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance and other interested organizations, after which it is approved in the prescribed manner.
1.14. The established boundaries of the WSS and its constituent belts can be revised in the event of any arising or impending changes in the operation of water supply sources (including the productivity of groundwater intakes) or local sanitary conditions at the conclusion of the organizations specified in clause 1.13 of these SanPiN. The design and approval of the new boundaries of the WSS should be carried out in the same order as the original ones.
1.15. Sanitary measures should be carried out:
a) within the first zone of the WSS - by public utilities or other owners of water pipelines;
b) within the second and third zones of the WSS - by the owners of facilities that have (or may show) a negative impact on the water quality of water supply sources.
1.16. State sanitary and epidemiological supervision on the territory of the ZSO is carried out by the bodies and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation by developing and monitoring hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, coordinating water protection measures and monitoring the quality of the source water.
1.17. The absence of an approved project of the SZO is not a reason for exempting the owners of the water supply system, owners of facilities located within the boundaries of the SZO, organizations, individual entrepreneurs, as well as citizens from fulfilling the requirements of these sanitary rules and regulations.
2. Determination of the boundaries of the ZSO belts
2.1. Factors determining the SPZ
2.1.1. The spread of contamination depends on:
Type of water supply source (surface or underground);
The nature of the contamination (microbial or chemical);
The degree of natural protection from surface pollution (for an underground source);
Hydrogeological or hydrological conditions.
2.1.2. When determining the size of the ZSO belts, it is necessary to take into account the survival time of microorganisms (belt 2), and for chemical pollution - the range of propagation, assuming its stable composition in the aquatic environment (belt 3).
Other factors limiting the possibility of the spread of microorganisms (adsorption, water temperature, etc.), as well as the ability of chemical contaminants to transform and reduce their concentration under the influence of physicochemical processes occurring in water supply sources (sorption, precipitation, etc.) can be taken into account if the patterns of these processes have been sufficiently studied.
2.2. Determination of the boundaries of the ZZO belts of an underground source
2.2.1. Boundaries of the first belt
2.2.1.1. Groundwater intakes should be located outside the territory of industrial enterprises and residential buildings. Location on the territory industrial enterprise or residential development is possible with proper justification. The boundary of the first zone is established at a distance of at least 30 m from the water intake
When using protected groundwater and at a distance of at least 50 m - when using insufficiently protected groundwater.
The boundary of the first zone of the WSS of the group of underground water intakes should be located at a distance of less than 30 and 50 m from the extreme wells.
For water intakes from protected groundwater located on the territory of the facility, excluding the possibility of soil and groundwater contamination, the size of the first zone of the WSS may be reduced, subject to the hydrogeological justification in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
2.2.1.2. Protected groundwater includes confined and non-confined interstratal waters that have a continuous waterproof roof within all zones of the WSS, which excludes the possibility of local recharge from the overlying insufficiently protected aquifers.
Insufficiently protected groundwater includes:
a) groundwater, that is, groundwater of the first free-flow aquifer from the earth's surface, which is fed on the area of its distribution;
b) pressurized and non-pressurized interstratal waters, which in natural conditions or as a result of the operation of the water intake are fed in the area of the WSS from the overlying insufficiently protected aquifers through hydrogeological windows or permeable roof rocks, as well as from watercourses and reservoirs by direct hydraulic connection.
2.2.1.3. For water intakes with artificial replenishment of groundwater reserves, the boundary of the first belt is established, as for an underground insufficiently protected source of water supply, at a distance of at least 50 m from the water intake and at least 100 m from infiltration structures (basins, canals, etc.).
2.2.1.4. The boundaries of the first belt of infiltration water intakes of groundwater include the coastal area between the water intake and the surface water body, if the distance between them is less than 150 m.
2.2.2.1. When determining the boundaries of the second and third belts, it should be borne in mind that the inflow of groundwater from the aquifer to the water intake occurs only from the water intake recharge area, the shape and size of which in terms of plan depends on:
Type of water intake (individual wells, groups of wells, a linear row of wells, horizontal drains, etc.);
The amount of water intake (water flow) and the lowering of the groundwater level;
Hydrological features aquifer, the conditions of its nutrition and drainage.
2.2.2.2. The boundary of the second belt of the WSS is determined by hydrodynamic calculations based on the conditions that microbial pollution entering the aquifer outside the second belt does not reach the water intake.
The main parameters that determine the distance from the boundaries of the second zone of the WSS to the water intake is the time of microbial pollution advance with the flow of groundwater to the water intake. (T m)... When defining the boundaries of the second belt T m taken according to table. 1.
VremyaT m - calculation of the boundaries of the 2nd zone of the ZSO
| Hydrogeological conditions | T m(in days) |
|
| Within I and II climatic regions | Within the III climatic region * |
|
| I. Insufficiently protected groundwater (groundwater, as well as pressurized and non-pressurized interstratal waters having a direct hydraulic connection with an open reservoir) | ||
| 2. Protected groundwater (confined and non-confined interstratal waters that do not have a direct hydraulic connection with an open reservoir) | ||
| * Climatic regions in accordance with the current SNiP. |
||
2.2.2.3. The boundary of the third zone of the WSS, designed to protect the aquifer from chemical pollution, is also determined by hydrodynamic calculations. At the same time, it should be assumed that the time of movement of chemical pollution to the water intake should be greater than the calculated T NS.
T x is taken as the life of the water intake (the normal life of the water intake is 25-50 years).
If groundwater reserves provide an unlimited service life for the water intake, the third zone should ensure a correspondingly longer preservation of groundwater quality.
2.2.2.4. For infiltration water intake of groundwater, it is necessary to install the second and third belts of the WSS and for the surface water body that feeds it, in accordance with clauses 2.3.2 and 2.3.3.
2.2.2.5. Determination of the boundaries of the second and third belts of the WSS of underground water supply sources for various hydrogeological conditions is carried out in accordance with the methods of hydrogeological calculations.
2.3. Determination of the boundaries of the ZSO belts of a surface source
2.3.1. The boundaries of the first belt
2.3.1.1. The boundary of the first belt of the WSS water supply system with a surface source is established, taking into account specific conditions, in the following limits:
a) for watercourses:
Upstream - at least 200 m of the outlet;
Downstream - at least 100 m of the outlet;
Along the shore adjacent to the water intake - at least 100 m from the water edge of the summer-autumn low-water period;
In the direction to the opposite side of the diversion bank with a river or canal width of less than 100 m - the entire water area and the opposite bank 50 m wide from the water's edge during summer-autumn fall, with a river or canal width of more than 100 m - a strip of water area with a width of at least 100 m;
b) for water bodies (reservoirs, lakes), the boundary of the first belt should be established depending on local sanitary and hydrological conditions, but not less than 100 m in all directions along the water intake area and along the shore adjacent to the water intake from the water edge of the summer-autumn low-water period.
Note: at the bucket-type water intakes, the entire water area of the ladle is included within the first zone of the WSS.
2.3.2. The boundaries of the second belt
2.3.2.1. The boundaries of the second zone of the WSS of watercourses (rivers, canals) and reservoirs (reservoirs, lakes) are determined depending on natural, climatic and hydrological conditions.
2.3.2.2. The boundary of the second belt on the watercourse for the purpose of microbial self-purification should be removed upstream of the water intake so that the travel time along the main watercourse and its tributaries, with a water consumption in the watercourse of 95% of availability, was at least 5 days - for I A, B, C and D, as well as II And climatic regions, and at least 3 days - for I D, II B, C, D, as well as III climatic region.
The speed of water movement in m / day is taken as averaged over the width and length of the watercourse or, for its individual sections, near-edge fluctuations in the current speed.
2.3.2.3. The boundary of the second zone of the WSS of the watercourse downstream should be determined taking into account the exclusion of the influence of reverse wind currents, but not less than 250 m from the water intake.
2.3.2.4. The lateral boundaries of the second zone of the WSS of the water cut during the summer-autumn dry season should be located at a distance:
a) with flat terrain - not less than 500 m;
b) in case of mountainous terrain - up to the top of the first slope facing the water supply source, but not less than 750 m with a gentle slope and not less than 1,000 m with a steep one.
2.3.2.5. The boundary of the second zone of the WSS on water bodies should be removed along the water area in all directions from the water intake at a distance of 3 km - in the presence of surge winds up to 10% and 5 km - in the presence of blown winds of more than 10%.
2.3.2.6. The boundary of the 2nd zone of the WSS on the reservoirs of the territory should be removed in both directions along the coast for 3 or 5 km in accordance with clause 2.3.2.5 and from the water's edge at a normal retaining level (LPL) of 500-1,000 m in accordance with clause 2.3 .2.4.
2.3.2.7. In some cases, taking into account the specific sanitary situation and with appropriate justification, the territory of the second zone can be increased in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance.
2.3.3. The boundaries of the third belt
2.3.3.1. The boundaries of the third belt of the WSS of surface water supply sources on the watercourse upstream and downstream coincide with the boundaries of the second belt. Lateral boundaries should follow the watershed lines within 3-5 km, including tributaries. The boundaries of the third belt of a surface source in the reservoir completely coincide with the boundaries of the second belt.
2.4. Determination of the boundaries of the ZZO water supply facilities and water pipelines
2.4.1. The zone of sanitary protection of water supply facilities located outside the territory of the water intake is represented by the first belt (strict regime), water pipelines - by the sanitary protection zone.
2.4.2. The boundary of the first belt of the WSS of water supply facilities is taken at a distance:
From the walls of spare and regulating tanks, filters and contact clarifiers - at least 30 m;
From water towers - at least 10 m;
From the rest of the premises (sedimentation tanks, reagent facilities , chlorine warehouse, pumping stations and others) - at least 15m.
Notes.
1. By agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, the first zone of the ZSO for separately standing water towers, depending on their design features, may not be installed.
2. With the location of water supply facilities on the territory of the object, the indicated distances may be reduced by agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, but not less than 10m.
2.4.3. The width of the sanitary protection strip should be taken on both sides of the extreme water supply lines:
a) in the absence groundwater not less than 10 m with a diameter of water conduits up to 1,000 mm and at least 20 m with a diameter of water conduits over 1,000 mm;
b) in the presence of groundwater - at least 50 m, regardless of the diameter of the water conduits.
If necessary, it is allowed to reduce the width of the sanitary protection strip for water pipelines passing through the built-up area, in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance.
2.4.4. If there is a chlorine supply warehouse on the territory of the location of water supply facilities, the dimensions of the sanitary protection zone to residential and public buildings are established taking into account the safety rules for the production, storage, transportation and use of chlorine.
3. The main activities on the territory of the ZSO
3.1. General requirements
3.1.1. Measures are provided for each zone of the ZSO in accordance with its purpose. They can be one-time, carried out before the start of the operation of the water intake, or permanent of a mode nature.
3.1.2. The scope of the following main activities on the territory of the ZSO, if there is an appropriate justification, should be clarified and supplemented in relation to specific natural conditions and sanitary conditions, taking into account the modern and promising economic use of the territory in the ZSO area.
3.2. Activities on the territory of the WSS of underground water supply sources *
3.2.1. First Belt Activities
3.2.1.1. The territory of the first zone of the WSS should be planned to divert surface runoff beyond its boundaries, landscaped, fenced and provided with security. Paths to structures must have a solid surface
_________
* The purpose of the measures is to preserve the constancy of the natural composition of water in the intake by eliminating and preventing the possibility of its pollution.
3.2.1.2. Not allowed: planting tall trees, all types of construction that are not directly related to the operation, reconstruction and expansion of water supply facilities, including the laying of pipelines for various purposes, the placement of residential and utility buildings, human accommodation, the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
3.2.1.3. Buildings should be equipped with sewerage Wastewater to the nearest household or industrial sewerage system or to local treatment plants located outside the first zone of the WSS, taking into account the sanitary regime on the territory of the second zone.
In exceptional cases, in the absence of sewerage, waterproof receivers of sewage and household waste should be arranged, located in places that exclude contamination of the territory of the first zone of the WSS during their removal.
3.2.1.4. Water supply facilities located in the first zone of the sanitary protection zone must be equipped with a view to prevent the possibility of contamination drinking water through the heads and mouths of wells, hatches and overflow pipes of tanks and devices for filling pumps.
3.2.1.5. All water intakes should be equipped with equipment for systematic monitoring of the compliance of the actual flow rate during the operation of the water supply system with the design capacity provided for in its design and justification of the boundaries of the WSS.
3.2.2. Activities for the second and third belts
3.2.2.1. Identification, plugging or restoration of all old, inactive, defective or improperly operated wells that pose a hazard in terms of the possibility of contamination of aquifers.
3.2.2.2. Drilling of new wells and new construction associated with disturbance of the soil cover is carried out in accordance with the obligatory agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
3.2.2.3. Prohibition of the pumping of waste water into underground horizons, underground storage of solid waste and the development of subsoil.
3.2.2.4. Prohibition of the placement of warehouses for fuels and lubricants, pesticides and mineral fertilizers, industrial waste accumulators, sludge storage facilities and other facilities that cause the danger of chemical pollution of groundwater.
The placement of such objects is allowed within the third zone of the WSS only when using protected groundwater, provided that special measures are taken to protect the aquifer from pollution in the presence of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, issued taking into account the conclusion of the geological control bodies.
3.2.2.5. Timely implementation of the necessary measures for sanitary protection surface waters having a direct hydrological connection with the used aquifer, in accordance with the hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters.
3.2.3. Events for the second belt
In addition to the measures specified in section 3.2.2, within the second zone of the WSS of underground water supply sources, the following additional measures are subject to implementation.
3.2.3.1. Not allowed:
Placement of cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, drainage fields, filtration fields, manure storages, silo trenches, livestock and poultry enterprises and other facilities that pose a danger of microbial contamination of groundwater;
Application of fertilizers and pesticides;
Final felling and reconstruction.
3.2.3.2. Implementation of measures for sanitary improvement of the territory settlements and other objects (sewerage equipment, installation of watertight cesspools, organization of drainage of surface runoff, etc.).
3.3. Activities on the territory of the ZSO surface water supply sources "
3.3.1. First Belt Activities
3.3.1.1. On the territory of the first zone of the WSS of a surface water supply source, the measures specified in clauses 3.2.1.1, 3.2.1.2, 3.2.1.3 should be envisaged.
____________
* The aim of the measures is to maximize the reduction of microbial and chemical contamination of water in water supply sources, allowing modern technology processing to ensure the production of drinking quality water.
3.3.1.2. It is not allowed to drain any waste water, incl. sewage water transport, as well as bathing, washing clothes, watering livestock and other types of water use that affect the quality of water.
The water area of the first belt is fenced with buoys and other warning signs. In navigable water bodies, buoys with lighting should be installed above the water intake.
3.3.2. Activities for the second and third belts of the ZSO
3.3.2.1. Identification of objects that pollute water supply sources, with the development of specific water protection measures, provided by funding sources, contractors and coordinated with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
3.3.2.2. Regulation of the allotment of territory for new construction of residential, industrial and agricultural facilities, as well as coordination of changes in technologies of existing enterprises associated with an increase in the degree of danger of pollution by wastewater from a water supply source.
3.3.2.3. Prevention of wastewater disposal in the catchment area of the water supply source, including its tributaries, that do not meet the hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters.
3.3.2.4. All works, incl. extraction of sand, gravel, bottom-dredging within the water area of the WSS are allowed by agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision only on the basis of hydrological calculations that there is no deterioration in water quality in the water intake section.
3.3.2.5. The use of chemical methods to combat the eutrophication of water bodies is allowed, provided that drugs that have a positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation are used.
3.3.2.6. In the presence of shipping, it is necessary to equip ships, landing stages and guardhouses with devices for collecting waste and sub-seam waters and solid waste; equipment at the docks of drainage stations and receivers for the collection of solid waste.
3.3.3. Events for the second belt
In addition to the measures specified in section 3.3.2, within the second zone of the WSS of surface water supply sources, the activities of paragraphs 3.2.2.4, paragraph 1, 3.2.3.1, 3.2.3.2, as well as the following are subject to fulfillment.
3.3.3.1. Cutting of main use forests and reconstruction is not carried out, as well as the assignment of standing timber and long-term felling fund to logging enterprises. Only maintenance and sanitary felling are allowed.
3.3.3.2. Prohibition of the location of camps and grazing, as well as any other use of water bodies and land plots, forest lands within the coastal strip with a width of at least 500 m, which may lead to a deterioration in the quality or decrease in the amount of water in the water supply source.
3.3.3.3. The use of water supply sources within the second zone of the WSS for swimming, tourism, water sports and fishing is allowed in established places, provided that the hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters are met, as well as hygienic requirements for the recreation areas of water bodies.
3.3.3.4. Within the boundaries of the second zone of the sanitary protection zone, it is prohibited to discharge industrial, agricultural, urban and storm wastewater, the content of which chemicals and microorganisms exceeds the hygienic standards for water quality established by sanitary rules.
3.3.3.5. The boundaries of the second zone of the WSS at the intersection of roads, footpaths, etc. are marked with pillars with special signs (Appendix 2).
3.4. Measures for the sanitary protection strip of water pipelines
3.4.1. There should be no sources of soil and groundwater pollution within the sanitary protection strip.
3.4.2. It is not allowed to lay water pipelines in the territory of landfills, sewage fields, filtration fields, irrigation fields, cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, as well as laying main water pipelines in the territory of industrial and agricultural enterprises.
Annex 1
Drinking water supply sources study program
1. Underground sources
1.1. The geological structure of the territory of the region of the location of the source and general characteristics its hydrogeological conditions; the type of the selected aquifer (artesian - pressure, ground - unconfined), depth (absolute elevation) of the roof of the aquifer, thickness, water-bearing rocks (sands, gravel, fractured limestones); conditions and places of feeding and discharge of the aquifer; general information about the water content of the horizon (operational reserves); information on the current and prospective use of the aquifer for water supply and other purposes.
1.2. General information on the hydrogeological conditions of the area (deposit), the feeding conditions of the aquifers intended to be used for water supply, the topographic, soil and sanitary characteristics of the water intake site, the characteristics of the aquifer planned for exploitation (lithological composition, thickness, protection of the aquifer by overlapping rocks, dynamic water level at design water withdrawal) ...
1.3. Data on the water permeability of the overlying layers, data on the possibility of the influence of the recharge zone on the quality of water.
1.4. Sanitary characteristics of the area immediately adjacent to the water intake; the distance from the water intake to possible sources of water pollution: abandoned wells, absorbing craters, sinkholes, wells, abandoned mine workings, storage tanks, etc.
2. Surface sources
2.1. Hydrological data: drainage basin area, surface runoff regime, maximum, minimum and average flow rates, water velocity and level at the point of water intake, average delivery and opening times, estimated flow rate of the water used and its compliance with the minimum flow rate at the source, data on the characteristics of tidal currents.
2.2. General sanitary characteristics of the pool in that part of it that can affect the quality of the water at the intake:
The nature of the geological structure of the basin, soil, vegetation, the presence of forests, arable land, populated areas;
Industrial enterprises (their number, size, location, nature of production);
Reasons that affect or may affect the deterioration of water quality in a water body, methods and places for disposal of solid and liquid waste in the area of the source; the presence of household, industrial wastewater, polluting the reservoir, the amount of wastewater discharged, facilities for their treatment and their location;
Distance from the wastewater outlet to the water intake;
The presence of other possible causes of source pollution (shipping, timber rafting, watering, winter dumps on ice, swimming, water sports, land reclamation, the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture etc.).
2.3. Characteristics of the self-cleaning capacity of the reservoir.
2.4. For reservoirs, in addition, the following shall be indicated:
The area of the mirror and the volume of the reservoir, the useful and "dead" volume, the regime of feeding and use, the drainage of water in the reservoir, the plan of the reservoir, its maximum and minimum depth, the nature of the bottom, banks, bottom sediments, the presence of flowering, overgrowing, silting, the direction of the prevailing winds and currents, the speed of water movement in the reservoir.
3. General data
3.1. These are the possibilities of organizing the sanitary protection zone of the water supply source, the approximate boundaries of the sanitary protection zone for its individual belts.
3.2. Data on the need for source water treatment (disinfection, clarification, deferrization, etc.).
3.3. Data from adjacent water intakes with the same recharge area (location, productivity, water quality).
water intakes are assigned to maintain the quality of groundwater near the well during its operation. This is due to the fact that pollution near the water intake can quickly affect the chemical and bacteriological composition of the sampled water, and, as a result, disrupt the water supply conditions.
SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02 defines the requirements for the organization of zones of sanitary protection (ZSO) of centralized water supply sources. According to this document, there are three zones of SPZ around the well:
-
zone of sanitary protection of the first belt
;- 2
sanitary protection zone belt
;-
third belt of the ZSO
.
First belt
(zone of strict regime) includes directly the territory of the well location. The belt is designed to protect against accidental or intentional contamination of groundwater. The boundary of 1 belt is not calculated, but is set at a distance of at least 50 m for unprotected aquifers, or at least 30 m when using protected groundwater.The high-security zone must be guarded and fenced. In practice, this often causes problems. As a rule, the owner of the well during the construction phase does not think about the organization of the zones of the ZZO and often has a water intake well at the edge of his land plot. Then it turns out that he needs to retreat another 50 meters from the well to erect a fence around the perimeter.
Reduce the size of the first zone of the ZSO
it is possible only if the well exploits a protected aquifer, as well as subject to hydrogeological justification and in agreement with Rospotrebnadzor.2 zone of sanitary protection
must protect the water intake from microbial contamination. The boundaries of the second belt of the WSS are determined by hydrodynamic calculations, based on the premise that microbial pollution entering the aquifer outside the second belt should not reach the water intake. The main parameters that determine the distance from the borders2 ZSO belts
before the water intake is the time of the microbial contamination advance with the flow of groundwater to the water intake. It is generally accepted that the lifetime of microbial pollution in an aquifer is limited to 100, 200, or 400 days, depending on the climatic region.Within the second zone of the sanitary protection zone, it is prohibited to pump waste water into underground horizons, underground storage of solid waste, development of the earth's interior, placement of warehouses for fuels and lubricants, pesticides, it is not allowed to place cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, sewage fields, filtration fields, manure storages, silo trenches , livestock and poultry enterprises, the use of fertilizers and pesticides, logging, etc.
Third Belt ZSO
designed to protect the aquifer from chemical pollution. It is also determined by hydrodynamic calculations. In this case, it should be assumed that the time of movement of chemical pollution to the water intake should be longer than the time of planned operation of the water intake. As a rule, the assessment of groundwater reserves for water intakes is carried out for 25 years, therefore, for the calculations of the 3 zones of the sanitary protection zone, a time equal to 9125 days (25 years) is used.The sizes of 2 and 3 belts of the WSS are determined by the hydrogeological conditions of the aquifer (filtration coefficient, pressure gradient, active porosity), the flow rate of the well and the time of migration of the pollutant to the water intake well. recommends to use the methodological guide “” for hydrodynamic calculations of the size of the ZSO.
The first chapters of the aforementioned manual are devoted to analytical calculations of the size of the ZSO by simple schemes... However, in hydrogeological practice, there are often cases when it is correct to calculate using simple analytical equations
boundaries of the sanitary protection zone
impossible, for example, when several water intakes are located nearby and hydrodynamically interact with each other. For complex cases, the methodological guide recommends the use of a graphic-analytical method using a computer.The software package is based on the graphic-analytical method
calculating the sizes of 2 and 3 belts of the ZSO. The legitimacy of the algorithms used, as well as the reliability of the calculations, were confirmed by the expert opinion of the Scientific Research Institute of ECH and the State Health Service of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. You can learn more about the program on the page.
State sanitary and epidemiological regulation
Russian Federation
State sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations
2.1.4. DRINKING WATER AND WATER SUPPLY OF POPULATION
Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines
Sanitary rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02
Ministry of Health of Russia
Moscow 2002
1. Developed by the Department of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene of the Moscow Medical Academy. THEM. Sechenov (prof. Mazayev VT, associate professor Shlepnina TG), Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene named after V.I. A.N. Sysina RAMS (Ph.D. Nedachin A.E.), Federal Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Kudryavtseva B.M.), Ph.D. Gasilina M.M., with the participation of the Department of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Health of Russia (A.P. Veselov). 2. Recommended for approval by the Commission on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Regulation under the Ministry of Health of Russia (Prot. No. 12 dated February 14, 2002) 3. Approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation G.G. Onishchenko February 26, 2002 4. Entered into force by the decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated March 14, 2002 No. 10 from June 1, 2002 5. Registered with the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation on April 24, 2002. Registration number 3399.6. Sanitary rules and norms "Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and water pipelines of domestic and drinking water supply. SanPiN 2.1.4.027-95" from the moment SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02 enters into force (Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated March 14, 2002 . No. 11).
| 1. General provisions 2. Determination of the boundaries of the ZSO belts 2.1. Factors determining the SPZ 2.2. Determination of the boundaries of the ZZO belts of an underground source 2.3. Determination of the boundaries of the ZZO belts of a surface source 2.4. Determination of the boundaries of the WSS water supply facilities and water pipelines 3. Main activities on the territory of the WSS 3.1. General requirements 3.2. Activities on the territory of the WSS of underground water supply sources 3.3. Activities on the territory of the WSS of surface water supply sources 3.4. Measures for the sanitary protection zone of water pipelines Annex 1 Drinking water supply source study program Appendix 2 Special sign |
APPROVED
Chief state
sanitary doctor of the Russian
Federation - First Deputy
Minister of Health
Russian Federation
G.G. Onishchenko
2.1.4. DRINKING WATER AND WATER SUPPLY OF POPULATIONS
Zones of sanitary protection of sources
water supply and plumbing
drinking purpose
Sanitary rules and regulations
SanPiN 2.1.4.1110-02
1. General Provisions
1.1. Sanitary rules and norms (SanPiN) "Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines" were developed on the basis of the Federal Law "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" dated March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, Art. 1650), Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2000 No. 554, which approved the "Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation" and "Regulations on the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Standardization" (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 31, Art. 3295) .1.2. These sanitary rules and norms determine the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the organization and operation of sanitary protection zones (SPZ) of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines. 1.3. Compliance with sanitary rules is mandatory for citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities. 1.4. Sanitary protection zones are organized on all water pipelines, regardless of departmental affiliation, supplying water from both surface and underground sources. where they are located. 1.5. Sanitary protection zones are organized in three zones: the first (strict regime) zone includes the territory of the location of water intakes, sites of all water supply facilities and a water supply canal. Its purpose is to protect the water intake site and water intake structures from accidental or intentional pollution and damage. The second and third belts (belts of restrictions) include the territory intended to prevent water pollution from water supply sources. Sanitary protection of water pipelines is provided by a sanitary protection zone. In each of the three belts, as well as within the sanitary protection zone, according to their purpose, a special regime is established and a set of measures is determined to prevent deterioration of water quality. 1.6. The organization of a WSS should be preceded by the development of its project, which includes: a) determination of the boundaries of the zone and its constituent belts; b) an action plan to improve the sanitary state of the territory of the WSS and prevent source pollution; c) the rules and regime of economic use of the territories of the three zones of the WSS. the development of a project for a water supply system for large water pipelines, a provision on a water supply system is preliminarily created, containing the hygienic foundations of their organization for a given water supply system. 1.7. Determination of the boundaries of the WSS and the development of a set of necessary organizational, technical, hygienic and anti-epidemic measures depend on the type of water supply sources (underground or surface), designed or used for drinking water supply, on the degree of their natural protection and possible microbial or chemical pollution. 1.8. On water pipelines with a sub-channel water intake, a SSS should be organized as for a surface source of water supply. On water pipelines with artificial replenishment of groundwater, a SSS is organized both for a surface source (relative to a water intake for infiltration basins) and for an underground source (to protect infiltration basins and production wells) .1.9. A fundamental decision on the possibility of organizing a WSS is made at the stage of the district planning project or master plan, when a water supply source is selected. In the master plans for the development of populated areas, the zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources are indicated on the planning constraints diagram. For the sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the choice to the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, the customer submits materials characterizing the source of water supply, incl. approximate boundaries of the WSS and possible sources of pollution. The volume of materials is specified in the app. 1. The act on the selection of the site (route) is signed in the presence of a positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision. The SSS project should be an integral part of the drinking water supply project and be developed simultaneously with the latter. For existing water pipelines that do not have established sanitary protection zones, the project of the WSS is developed specially. The structure of the ZSO project should include a textual part, cartographic material, a list of planned activities, agreed with land users, deadlines for their implementation and performers. The textual part should contain: a) a description of the sanitary state of water supply sources; b) analyzes of water quality in the amount provided for by the current sanitary norms and rules; c) hydrological data (basic parameters and their dynamics over time) - at a surface water supply source or hydrogeological data - with an underground source; d) data characterizing the mutual influence of an underground source and a surface reservoir in the presence of a hydraulic connection between them; residential, industrial and agricultural facilities; f) determination of the boundaries of the first, second and third zones of the ZZO with appropriate justification and a list of measures indicating the deadlines and responsible organizations, individual entrepreneurs, with the definition of funding sources; g) the rules and regime of economic use of the territories included to the sanitary protection zone of all belts. The cartographic material should be presented in the following volume: a) a situational plan with the projected boundaries of the second and third zones of the WSS and the plotting of water intakes and sites of water supply facilities, a water supply source and its supply pool (with tributaries) on a scale - with a surface water supply source - 1: 50,000 - 1: 100,000, with underground - 1:10,000 - 1:25,000; b) hydrological profiles along characteristic directions within the water intake area - with an underground water supply; c) plan of the first zone of the WSS on a scale of 1: 500 - 1: 1,000; d) plan of the second and third zones of the WSS on a scale of 1:10 000 - 1:25 000 - with an underground water source and on a scale of 1:25 000 - 1:50 000 - with a surface water source with the application of all located on the given territory of objects. 1.13. The draft SSO with an action plan must have the conclusion of the center of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance and other interested organizations, after which it is approved in the prescribed manner. The established boundaries of the ZZO and its constituent belts can be revised in the event of emerging or impending changes in the operation of water supply sources (including the productivity of groundwater intakes) or local sanitary conditions at the conclusion of the organizations specified in clause 1.13 of these SanPiN. The design and approval of the new boundaries of the WSS should be carried out in the same order as the original. 1.15. Sanitary measures should be carried out: a) within the first zone of the WSS - by public utilities or other owners of water pipelines; b) within the second and third zones of the WSS - by the owners of facilities that have (or may have) a negative impact on the quality of water from water supply sources. State sanitary and epidemiological surveillance on the territory of the WSS is carried out by the bodies and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation by developing and monitoring hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, coordinating water protection measures and monitoring the quality of the source water. 1.17. The absence of an approved project of the SZO is not a reason for exempting the owners of the water supply system, owners of facilities located within the boundaries of the SZO, organizations, individual entrepreneurs, as well as citizens from fulfilling the requirements of these sanitary rules and regulations.2. Determination of the boundaries of the ZSO belts
2.1. Factors determining the SPZ
2.1.1. The spread of pollution depends on: the type of water supply source (surface or underground); the nature of the pollution (microbial or chemical); the degree of natural protection from surface pollution (for an underground source); hydrogeological or hydrological conditions. 2.1.2. When determining the size of the ZSO belts, it is necessary to take into account the survival time of microorganisms (belt 2), and for chemical pollution - the propagation distance, assuming its stable composition in the aquatic environment (belt 3). Other factors limiting the possibility of microorganism spreading (adsorption, water temperature, etc.) ), as well as the ability of chemical pollutants to transform and reduce their concentration under the influence of physicochemical processes occurring in water supply sources (sorption, precipitation, etc.), can be taken into account if the patterns of these processes are sufficiently studied.2.2. Determination of the boundaries of the ZZO belts of an underground source
2.2.1. The boundaries of the first belt 2.2.1.1. Groundwater intakes should be located outside the territory of industrial enterprises and residential buildings. Location on the territory of an industrial enterprise or residential development is possible with proper justification. The boundary of the first belt is set at a distance of at least 30 m from the water intake - when using protected groundwater and at a distance of at least 50 m - when using insufficiently protected groundwater The boundary of the first belt of the WSS of the group of underground water intakes should be at a distance of at least 30 and 50 m For water intakes from protected groundwater located on the territory of the facility, excluding the possibility of soil and groundwater contamination, the size of the first zone of the WSS may be reduced subject to hydrogeological justification in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision. Protected groundwater includes confined and non-confined interstratal waters that have a continuous waterproof roof within all zones of the WSS, which excludes the possibility of local recharge from the overlying insufficiently protected aquifers. Insufficiently protected groundwater includes: a) groundwater, i.e. groundwater the first free-flow aquifer from the earth's surface, which receives nourishment on the area of its distribution; b) pressure and free-flow interstratal waters, which, under natural conditions or as a result of the operation of the water intake, are fed on the WSS area from overlying insufficiently protected aquifers through hydrogeological windows or permeable roof rocks , as well as from watercourses and reservoirs by direct hydraulic connection. 2.2.1.3. For water intakes with artificial replenishment of groundwater reserves, the boundary of the first zone is established, as for an underground insufficiently protected source of water supply, at a distance of at least 50 m from the water intake and at least 100 m from infiltration structures (basins, canals, etc.). 2.2. 1.4. The boundaries of the first belt of infiltration water intakes of groundwater include the coastal area between the water intake and the surface water body, if the distance between them is less than 150 m. 2.2.2. Border of the second and third zones 2.2.2.1. When determining the boundaries of the second and third belts, it should be borne in mind that the inflow of groundwater from the aquifer to the water intake occurs only from the water intake supply area, the shape and size of which in terms of plan depends on: the type of water intake (individual wells, groups of wells, a linear row of wells, horizontal drains and etc.); the amount of water intake (water consumption) and the lowering of the groundwater level; hydrological features of the aquifer, the conditions for its feeding and drainage. 2.2.2.2. The boundary of the second zone of the WSS is determined by hydrodynamic calculations, based on the conditions that microbial pollution entering the aquifer outside the second belt does not reach the water intake. The main parameters that determine the distance from the boundaries of the second belt of the WSS to the water intake is the time of microbial pollution with the flow of groundwater to the water intake (T m)... When defining the boundaries of the second belt T m taken according to table. 1.Table 1
Time T m - calculation of the boundaries of the 2nd zone of the ZSO
|
Hydrogeological conditions |
T m(in days) |
Within I and II climatic regions |
Within the III climatic region * |
I. Insufficiently protected groundwater (groundwater, as well as confined and non-confined interstratal waters having a direct hydraulic connection with an open reservoir) | 2. Protected groundwater (confined and non-confined interstratal waters that do not have a direct hydraulic connection with an open reservoir) | * Climatic regions in accordance with the current SNiP. |
2.3. Determination of the boundaries of the ZSO belts of a surface source
2.3.1. The boundaries of the first belt 2.3.1.1. The boundary of the first belt of the WSS water supply system with a surface source is established, taking into account specific conditions, within the following limits: a) for watercourses: upstream - at least 200 m from the water intake; downstream - at least 100 m from the water intake; along the shore adjacent to the water intake - at least 100 m from the water edge of the summer-autumn low-water period; in the direction to the opposite bank from the water intake when the width of the river or channel is less than 100 m - the entire water area and the opposite bank 50 m wide from the water's edge during summer-autumn dry season, with the width of the river or channel more than 100 m - a strip of water area at least 100 m wide ; b) for reservoirs (reservoirs, lakes), the boundary of the first belt should be established depending on local sanitary and hydrological conditions, but not less than 100 m in all directions along the water intake area and along the shore adjacent to the water intake from the water edge during the summer-autumn low-water period. Note: at bucket-type water intakes, the entire water area of the ladle is included within the first zone of the WSS. 2.3.2. The boundaries of the second belt 2.3.2.1. The boundaries of the second zone of the WSS of watercourses (rivers, canals) and reservoirs (reservoirs, lakes) are determined depending on natural, climatic and hydrological conditions. 2.3.2.2. The boundary of the second belt on the watercourse for the purpose of microbial self-purification should be removed upstream of the water intake so that the travel time along the main watercourse and its tributaries, with a water flow in the watercourse of 95% of availability, was at least 5 days - for I A, B, C and D, as well as II A climatic regions, and at least 3 days - for I D, II B, C, D, as well as III climatic region. The speed of water movement in m / day is taken as averaged over the width and length of the watercourse or for its individual sections with sharp fluctuations in the current speed. 2.3.2.3. The boundary of the second belt of the WSS of the watercourse downstream should be determined taking into account the exclusion of the influence of wind reverse currents, but not less than 250 m from the water intake. 2.3.2.4. The lateral boundaries of the second zone of the WSS from the water edge during the summer-autumn dry season should be located at a distance: a) with a flat terrain - at least 500 m; b) in case of mountainous terrain - to the top of the first slope facing the water supply source, but not less than 750 m with a gentle slope and not less than 1,000 m with a steep one. 2.3.2.5. The boundary of the second zone of the WSS on water bodies should be removed along the water area in all directions from the water intake at a distance of 3 km - in the presence of surge winds up to 10% and 5 km - in the presence of blown winds of more than 10%. 2.3.2.6. The boundary of the 2nd zone of the WSS on reservoirs along the territory should be removed in both directions along the coast by 3 or 5 km in accordance with paragraph 2.3.2.5 and from the water's edge at a normal retaining level (LPG) at 500-1,000 m in accordance with paragraph . 2.3.2.4. 2.3.2.7. In some cases, taking into account a specific sanitary situation and with appropriate justification, the territory of the second belt can be increased in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological surveillance. 2.3.3. The boundaries of the third belt 2.3.3.1. The boundaries of the third belt of the WSS of surface water supply sources on the watercourse upstream and downstream coincide with the boundaries of the second belt. Lateral boundaries should follow the watershed line within 3-5 km, including tributaries. The boundaries of the third belt of a surface source in the reservoir completely coincide with the boundaries of the second belt.2.4. Determination of the boundaries of the WSS of water supply facilities and water pipelines
2.4.1. The zone of sanitary protection of water supply facilities located outside the territory of the water intake is represented by the first belt (strict regime), water pipelines - by the sanitary protection zone. 2.4.2. The boundary of the first belt of the WSS of water supply facilities is taken at a distance: from the walls of spare and regulating tanks, filters and contact clarifiers - at least 30 m; from water towers - at least 10 m; from the rest of the premises (sedimentation tanks, reagent facilities , chlorine warehouse, pumping stations, etc.) - at least 15m. Notes. 1. By agreement with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Center, the first zone of the WSS for free-standing water towers, depending on their design features, may not be installed. 2. When water supply facilities are located on the territory of the object, the indicated distances may be reduced in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, but not less than 10 m. 2.4.3. The width of the sanitary protection strip should be taken on both sides of the extreme lines of the water supply: a) in the absence of groundwater, at least 10 m with a diameter of water conduits up to 1,000 mm and at least 20 m with a diameter of water conduits over 1,000 mm; b) in the presence of groundwater - at least 50 m, regardless of the diameter of the water conduits. If necessary, it is allowed to reduce the width of the sanitary protection strip for water pipelines passing through the built-up area, in agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision. 2.4.4. If there is a chlorine supply warehouse on the territory of the location of water supply facilities, the dimensions of the sanitary protection zone to residential and public buildings are established taking into account the safety rules for the production, storage, transportation and use of chlorine.3. The main events on the territory of the ZSO
3.1. General requirements
3.1.1. Measures are provided for each zone of the ZSO in accordance with its purpose. They can be one-time, carried out before the start of operation of the water intake, or permanent regime nature. 3.1.2. The scope of the following main activities on the territory of the SPZ, if there is an appropriate justification, should be clarified and supplemented in relation to specific natural conditions and sanitary conditions, taking into account the current and future economic use of the territory in the area of the SPZ.3.2. Activities on the territory of the WSS of underground water supply sources *
3.2.1. First Belt Activities 3.2.1.1. The territory of the first zone of the WSS should be planned to divert surface runoff beyond its boundaries, landscaped, fenced and provided with security. The paths to the structures must have a hard surface _________ * The purpose of the measures is to maintain the constancy of the natural composition of water in the water intake by eliminating and preventing the possibility of its pollution. 3.2.1.2. Not allowed: planting tall trees, all types of construction that are not directly related to the operation, reconstruction and expansion of water supply facilities, incl. the laying of pipelines for various purposes, the placement of residential and utility buildings, the accommodation of people, the use of pesticides and fertilizers. 3.2.1.3. Buildings should be equipped with a sewerage system with wastewater discharge into the nearest domestic or industrial sewerage system or to local treatment plants located outside the first zone of the WSS, taking into account the sanitary regime in the territory of the second zone. In exceptional cases, in the absence of sewerage systems, waterproof receivers of sewage and household waste should be arranged, located in places that exclude contamination of the territory of the first zone of the WSS during their removal. 3.2.1.4. Water supply facilities located in the first zone of the sanitary protection zone must be equipped with a view to preventing the possibility of contamination of drinking water through the heads and heads of wells, hatches and overflow pipes of tanks and pump priming devices. 3.2.1.5. All water intakes must be equipped with equipment for systematic monitoring of the compliance of the actual flow rate during the operation of the water supply system with the design capacity provided for in its design and justification of the boundaries of the WSS. 3.2.2. Events for the second and third belts 3.2.2.1. Identification, plugging or restoration of all old, inactive, defective or improperly operated wells that pose a danger in terms of the possibility of contamination of aquifers. 3.2.2.2. Drilling of new wells and new construction associated with disturbance of the soil cover is carried out with the obligatory agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision. 3.2.2.3. Prohibition of the pumping of waste water into underground horizons, underground storage of solid waste and the development of the earth's interior. 3.2.2.4. Prohibition of the placement of warehouses for fuels and lubricants, pesticides and mineral fertilizers, storage tanks for industrial waste, sludge storage facilities and other facilities that pose a danger of chemical pollution of groundwater. The placement of such objects is allowed within the third zone of the WSS only when using protected groundwater, provided that special measures are taken to protect the aquifer from pollution in the presence of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision, issued taking into account the conclusion of the geological control bodies. 3.2.2.5. Timely implementation of the necessary measures for the sanitary protection of surface waters that have a direct hydrological connection with the used aquifer, in accordance with the hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters. 3.2.3. Events for the second belt In addition to the measures specified in section 3.2.2, within the second zone of the WSS of underground water supply sources, the following additional measures are subject to implementation. 3.2.3.1. Not allowed: placement of cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, sewage fields, filtration fields, manure storages, silo trenches, livestock and poultry enterprises and other facilities that cause the danger of microbial contamination of groundwater; the use of fertilizers and pesticides; final felling and reconstruction. 3.2.3.2. Implementation of measures for sanitary improvement of the territory of settlements and other objects (sewerage equipment, installation of waterproof cesspools, organization of surface runoff drainage, etc.).3.3. Activities on the territory of the WSS of surface water supply sources "
3.3.1. First Belt Activities 3.3.1.1. On the territory of the first zone of the WSS of a surface source of water supply, the measures specified in clauses 3.2.1.1, 3.2.1.2, 3.2.1.3 should be envisaged. ____________ * The purpose of the measures is to maximize the reduction of microbial and chemical contamination of water from water supply sources, which allows, with modern processing technology, to ensure the production of drinking-quality water. 3.3.1.2. Discharge of any waste water is not allowed, incl. sewage water transport, as well as bathing, washing clothes, watering livestock and other types of water use that affect water quality. The water area of the first belt is fenced with buoys and other warning signs. In navigable water bodies, buoys with lighting should be installed above the water intake. 3.3.2. Activities for the second and third zones of the ZSO 3.3.2.1. Identification of objects that pollute water supply sources, with the development of specific water protection measures, provided by funding sources, contractors and agreed with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision. 3.3.2.2. Regulation of the allotment of territory for new construction of residential, industrial and agricultural facilities, as well as coordination of changes in technologies of existing enterprises associated with an increase in the degree of danger of wastewater pollution of a water supply source. 3.3.2.3. Prevention of wastewater discharge in the catchment area of the water supply source, including its tributaries, that do not meet hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters. 3.3.2.4. All works, incl. extraction of sand, gravel, bottom-dredging within the water area of the WSS are allowed by agreement with the center of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision only if justified by hydrological calculations that there is no deterioration in water quality in the water intake section. 3.3.2.5. The use of chemical methods to combat the eutrophication of water bodies is allowed, provided that drugs are used that have a positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion of the state sanitary and epidemiological service of the Russian Federation. 3.3.2.6. In the presence of shipping, it is necessary to equip ships, landing stages and guardhouses with devices for collecting sewage and sub-seam waters and solid waste; equipment at the docks of drainage stations and receivers for the collection of solid waste. 3.3.3. Events for the second belt In addition to the measures specified in section 3.3.2, within the second zone of the WSS of surface water supply sources, the activities of paragraphs 3.2.2.4, paragraph 1, 3.2.3.1, 3.2.3.2, as well as the following are subject to implementation. 3.3.3.1. Cutting of main use forests and reconstruction are not carried out, as well as the assignment of standing timber and logging fund for long-term use to logging enterprises. Only thinning and sanitary felling are allowed. 3.3.3.2. Prohibition of the location of camps and grazing, as well as any other use of water bodies and land plots, forest lands within the coastal strip with a width of at least 500 m, which may lead to a deterioration in the quality or decrease in the amount of water in the water supply source. 3.3.3.3. The use of water supply sources within the second zone of the WSS for swimming, tourism, water sports and fishing is allowed in established places, subject to compliance with hygienic requirements for the protection of surface waters, as well as hygienic requirements for recreation areas of water bodies. 3.3.3.4. Within the boundaries of the second zone of the sanitary protection zone, it is prohibited to discharge industrial, agricultural, urban and storm wastewater, the content of which of chemicals and microorganisms exceeds the hygienic standards for water quality established by sanitary rules. 3.3.3.5. The boundaries of the second zone of the WSS at the intersection of roads, footpaths, etc. are marked with pillars with special signs (Appendix 2).3.4. Measures for the sanitary protection zone of water pipelines
3.4.1. There should be no sources of soil and groundwater pollution within the sanitary protection zone of water pipelines. 3.4.2. It is not allowed to lay water pipelines through the territory of landfills, sewage fields, filtration fields, irrigation fields, cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, as well as laying main water pipelines through the territory of industrial and agricultural enterprises.Annex 1
Drinking water supply source study program
1. Underground sources
1.1. The geological structure of the territory of the region of the location of the source and the general characteristics of its hydrogeological conditions; type of the selected aquifer (artesian - confined, ground - free), depth (absolute elevation) of the top of the aquifer, thickness, water-bearing rocks (sands, gravel, fractured limestones); conditions and places of feeding and discharge of the aquifer; general information about the water content of the horizon (operational reserves); information on the existing and prospective use of the aquifer for water supply and other purposes. 1.2. General information about the hydrogeological conditions of the area (deposit), the feeding conditions of the aquifers intended to be used for water supply, the topographic, soil and sanitary characteristics of the water intake site, the characteristics of the aquifer planned for exploitation (lithological composition, thickness, protection of the aquifer by overlying rocks, dynamic water level at design water intake). 1.3. Data on the water permeability of the overlying layers, data on the possibility of the influence of the recharge zone on water quality. 1.4. Sanitary characteristics of the area immediately adjacent to the water intake; the distance from the water intake to possible sources of water pollution: abandoned wells, absorbing craters, sinkholes, wells, abandoned mine workings, storage tanks, etc.
2. Surface sources
2.1. Hydrological data: drainage basin area, surface runoff regime, maximum, minimum and average flow rates, water velocity and level at the point of water intake, average freeze-up and breakup periods, estimated flow rate of the water used and its compliance with the minimum flow rate at the source, data on the characteristics of tidal currents. 2.2. General sanitary characteristics of the basin in that part of it that can affect the quality of water at the water intake: the nature of the geological structure of the basin, soil, vegetation, the presence of forests, cultivated land, populated areas; industrial enterprises (their number, size, location, nature of production); reasons influencing or likely to affect the deterioration of water quality in a water body, methods and places for disposal of solid and liquid waste in the area where the source is located; the presence of domestic, industrial wastewater, polluting the reservoir, the amount of wastewater discharged, facilities for their treatment and their location; the distance from the wastewater discharge point to the water intake; presence of other possible causes of source pollution (shipping, timber rafting, watering, winter dumps on ice, swimming, water sports, land reclamation, the use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, etc.). 2.3. Characteristics of the self-cleaning capacity of the reservoir. 2.4. For reservoirs, in addition, the following are indicated: the area of the mirror and the volume of the reservoir, the useful and "dead" volume, the regime of feeding and use, the drainage of water in the reservoir, the reservoir plan, its maximum and minimum depth, the nature of the bottom, banks, bottom sediments, the presence of bloom , overgrowing, silting, direction of prevailing winds and currents, speed of water movement in the reservoir.
3. General data
3.1. Data on the possibility of organizing a sanitary protection zone for a water supply source, approximate boundaries of a sanitary protection zone for its individual belts. 3.2. Data on the need for source water treatment (disinfection, clarification, deferrization, etc.) 3.3. Data on adjacent water intakes with the same recharge area (location, productivity, water quality).
