home Laying water pipes

Drawing up a wiring diagram for a one-room apartment, selecting the necessary equipment. Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in an apartment - step-by-step instructions Show repair of external wiring in a one-room apartment

Until recently, the load on the electrical network in residential premises was insignificant. Calculations and installation of networks were not given due attention. Electrical supply projects were carried out according to standard schemes. The emergence of modern high-power equipment causes the redevelopment of the entire residential electrical wiring network, recalculation of its power and replacement of electricians. To carry out design and installation work in a new formation, you need to know the modern principles of arranging a residential electrical network.

Home electrical planning

So that during the operation of electronic equipment and connecting it from various electrical points does not lead to constant reinstallation of network elements, so that you do not have to constantly ditch the walls of the apartment, experts recommend starting work on arranging the electrical network with drawing up a power supply diagram. An example of a wiring diagram and connection of electrical equipment can be seen in Figure 1.

Rice. 1. Example of an apartment power supply diagram

Such a drawing or diagram is formed in the “reverse order”: initially, all the lighting equipment and power equipment used are applied to the apartment plan; then, based on power calculations, the wiring diagram, wire cross-section, and protective devices are selected.

Power part

The power part of the electrical network includes powerful equipment used in the apartment: ovens, stoves, heating tanks, air conditioners. To connect them, separate powerful lines are allocated, protected by separate circuit breakers (RCDs). This design method will allow for safer operation of equipment in an apartment and more efficient repair work on electrical wiring networks.

Lighting part

The next block of the apartment's electrical circuit is the lighting part. There are two design options here:

one group;
several groups of lighting equipment.

The first type of scheme is used in small rooms equipped with a relatively small number of lighting devices. The second lighting chain method is more common. An example of such a connection is shown in Figure 2.

Rice. 2. Design diagram for several lighting groups in an apartment

If in a room, in addition to lighting elements, there is a need to use power supplies and transformers, it is also recommended to turn them on in a separate electrical circuit with a separate RCD.

Large home appliances

In any apartment, the place where a large number of household appliances are concentrated is the kitchen. Most of them continue to work when a person is not directly using them. This is a refrigerator, electric stove, bread maker, etc. To ensure correct operation of equipment and constant protection of the network from overloads and short circuits, when developing an apartment’s electrical network, experts recommend separating a separate line. Such connections are made by laying electrical wiring with a larger cross-section and installing a high-load RCD.

Drawing up a wiring diagram

Electrical wiring in an apartment begins with drawing up a network wiring plan. Installing electrical wiring according to an existing design drawing is much simpler and more expedient for a number of advantages:

the electrical network diagram will allow you to plan in advance the necessary equipment and facilities;
the presence of a circuit will allow you to accurately determine the power of the input input;
the drawing gives installation personnel an understanding of potentially fire-hazardous wiring components in order to take measures to redesign them or take additional safety measures;
The diagram will allow installation to be carried out as planned, with verification of completion of the full cycle.

Examples of schemes for a one-room apartment

Electrical engineers believe that if the total load on the apartment’s electrical network does not exceed 25 A, then it is possible and even cost-effective to plan the network with one circuit per machine. This method is a typical standard scheme of the past, when lighting elements with were included in the circuit. Today, these techniques have been abandoned and installation is carried out along independent separate circuits. An example of wiring a one-room apartment is shown in Figure 3.

Rice. 3. Electrical supply diagram for a one-room apartment

The drawing shows the competent distribution of the network load of a one-room apartment into several separate circuits with their own RCDs. Such a system will ensure trouble-free operation of the wires and correct operation of the equipment without voltage drop.

For a two-room apartment

The difference between the drawing for the installation of supplies for a two-room apartment and a one-room apartment is in the larger number of circuits in terms of wiring. Some arrangements are possible here. Figure 4 shows an example of such a circuit.

Rice. 4. Electrical supply diagram for a two-room apartment

The example clearly shows several lighting circuits, as well as separately dedicated protected circuits for the kitchen, rooms and other powerful equipment.

For a three-room apartment

Figure 5 shows an example of a drawing, which is often used for apartments with three or more rooms, where a fairly large number of conductors will come out of one distribution board.

Figure 5. Example of a power supply diagram for a three-room apartment

The peculiarity of this option is that there are separate circuits enclosed in separate blocks with their own protection. In this example, there are 2 blocks (25 A and 40 A, respectively). This method allows you to separate zones of cable products, making the system more convenient and practical.

Choice of installation method: open or hidden

After determining the layout of cable lines, the method of laying cables should be adopted. There are two ways to lay lines - hidden, open.

The first method is common when the finishing of premises is carried out with suspended structures and false panels (plasterboard, MDF). There is no need to make grooves (grooves) in the walls followed by putty. Hidden electrical wiring installed in an apartment has a number of significant advantages:

maintaining the general appearance and integrity of the interior;
less stringent requirements for cable installation conditions;
increased tolerances to permitted currents.

It is not uncommon to see the option of open wiring. Wires are often placed in special plastic boxes attached to the decorative surfaces of the room. The open method of laying cables has the following advantages:

possibility of installation after or during finishing work;
faster installation;
the ability to modernize the network by installing additional cables or dismantling them.

Currently, if the arrangement of the electrical network is an integral part of the general renovation of the premises, specialists often use a hidden method of laying conductors.

Tool you will need for the job

Electrical installation and repair is a complex, labor-intensive process performed by professional electricians. You can’t do this without a set of special equipment. In work (for laying, replacing old electrical wiring), the installation team uses the following set of professional tools and accessories:

angle grinder machine with cutting wheels for stone;
bit;
perforator;
screwdrivers with handles made of insulating material;
phase indicator (indicator);
wire cutters;
pliers;
extension;
level;
putty knife;
portable lamp.

List of further works

After the wiring diagram has been sketched out, we begin to calculate the network parameters and install it.

Selecting a cable and calculating its cross-section

To accurately calculate the cable cross-section based on the power of consumers, use the following relationship: I=P/U, where P is the total power of all consumers in the circuit for which the cross-sectional area of the conductor cores is selected, and U is the voltage of the apartment network. Most often, wiring circuits are arranged in such a way that the electric current load in them does not exceed 25 A. In this case, use the following sections:

wire VVG-3*2.5 – two-core power cable with a cross-section of one conductor of 2.5 mm 2. This is the most used wire for organizing the electrical network in the apartment. They connect the distribution board with the distribution boxes of the premises;
wire VVG-3*1.5 - two-core power cable with a cross-section of one conductor of 1.5 mm 2. Such conductors are used for installation from distribution boxes to sockets;
wire VVG-3*4 – three-core power cable with a conductor cross-section of 4 mm 2. Such conductors are separated into separate circuits for connecting powerful apartment consumers (furnace, heating tank, etc.).

Marking sockets and switches

The placement of sockets and switches in the apartment should ensure ease of use and cover the needs of residents in connecting equipment. A typical example of the layout of electrical equipment (connection points) is presented in Figure 6.

When marking the locations of sockets and switches, the following requirements of modern standards must be observed:

sockets and switches are located to the left of the doors;
switches are mounted at a height of 0.9 m from the floor;
in living rooms, sockets are located at a height of 0.4 m from the floor, in the kitchen - 0.95 -1.15 m, in the bathroom the use of sockets is prohibited.

Wall chipping

After marking the locations of distribution boxes, sockets, switches, and installation points for lamps, they begin to arrange grooves (grooves) along the walls and on the ceiling for laying out the wiring. It is worth remembering that gating should be done in horizontal and vertical planes along straight lines. This will make it possible to more accurately determine the location of the wire in the future. The grooves are made using a grinder or a hammer drill. The depth of the groove must be at least 20 mm, and the width must be sufficient for laying all cables planned for laying in this location.

Cabling

The principles of laying cables for hidden and open wiring are the same. Installation starts from the connection points and leads to the distribution panel. Next, the line is inserted into the shield and moved to another circuit. If necessary, identification tags are hung on the end sections of the wiring for quick reference. After installation is completed, the cables are covered with boxes or putty in the wall.

Installation of socket boxes and junction boxes

The laid wiring is brought to the mounted junction boxes and electrical outlets, inserted into them, and the ends are driven out with a small margin. All wiring branches are arranged in boxes. The connection of the conductors of aluminum or copper wiring must be reliable. For connection, it is advisable to use special devices, as shown in Figure 7.

Immediately before connecting the wires, they ring and make sure that the installation work is carried out correctly at this stage.

Installation and assembly of electrical panel

When all the cables of all electrical circuits are laid to the installation site of the electrical panel, they begin to organize the apartment's distribution panel. This part of the electrical network is characterized by a large number of conductors and protective devices, so it is very important to make all connections correctly. For the shield, you always choose mounting boxes with a certain supply of seats. This will allow you to upgrade the system or eliminate its malfunction in the future.

An example of an electrical panel diagram for a standard apartment is shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8. Example of electrical panel diagram

In the figure, the positions indicate: 1 - input machine; 2 - electric meter; 3 - zero bus; 4 - protective grounding bus; 5–9 - automatic machines; 10 - separate automatic switch for lighting

Installation of sockets and switches

Sockets are installed in pre-installed boxes with wire ends removed. The process is not difficult and will require a minimum set of tools: pliers, wire cutters, and a screwdriver. This is the final stage of installation work on the apartment’s electrical network.

Checking the quality of work

The quality of the work performed is checked by turning on the wiring circuits and checking the presence of voltage and the correct phase distribution in the network. This procedure is carried out using voltage indicators. Incorrect installation can also immediately show a disconnected circuit breaker against short circuits.

Useful video on the topic

There is no standard wiring diagram for a 3-room apartment as such. Even each standard house design differs from each other not only in layout, but also in electrical installation diagrams. Like you, most residents are not satisfied with such schemes, which are designed to meet the minimum needs of residents.

The only thing that can be standard is the wiring diagram throughout the apartment, consisting of separate power supply groups for lighting and power sockets through separate circuit breakers connected in series with residual current devices (RCDs).

I can offer you an option that I usually offer to customers who want to completely redo the electrical wiring of their apartment.

Even if the customer does not want to bother with diagrams and programs, another option is possible: take a chalk or pencil in your hand and mark the place on the walls in each room:

location of switches for zone and general lighting, floor heating;
the location of wall lamps, chandeliers, spotlights, air conditioners, forced ventilation and exhaust hoods - in these places it will be necessary to make wire outlets for these devices;
location of sockets (indicating their number) power and low-current (television, telephone, computer);
It wouldn’t hurt, if you’ve already started repairs, to lay out the security alarm wiring with outlets for motion sensors, door openings, glass breakage and outlets for the control panel.

When marking, you need to take into account that usually power and low-current sockets are installed at a height of 30 cm or above the desktop, switches - at a height of 80-90 cm (I always advise installing an additional socket near the switch in the same frame as you enter the room - this is convenient for turning on It is most convenient to attach a vacuum cleaner for cleaning, ARB at a height of 200-220cm.

Now we proceed to marking the junction boxes and strips for laying wires. Here, too, you need to adhere to certain rules:

In the future, this will give you the opportunity to accurately determine the location of boxes and wires, which will allow you to quickly deal with possible breakdowns in the electrical wiring and when hanging TVs, pictures, carpets, shelves on the walls... do not damage the electrical wiring.

In the corridor (at the entrance), do not forget to mark where the machine panel will be located (not lower than 1.5 m from the floor), bell (usually above the door), intercom, intercom or video peephole.

When setting up an electrical diagram, we divide the wiring into several separate groups. These can be separate outlet lines:

kitchen;
bathroom;
dishwasher;
washing machine;
Dryer;
air conditioner;
boiler;
fridge;
common sockets.

Main and zone lighting and underfloor heating are placed into separate groups.

If you type and connect the circuit yourself, I will give you one useful piece of advice: to avoid a short circuit (short circuit) and not cause trouble, temporarily connect a control in series to each line before connecting.

If there is an error in the circuit, the light will light up when voltage is applied; if everything is done correctly, the control will not respond. When checking the lighting line, the light bulb will shine at half incandescence, since it will be connected in series with a chandelier or, for example, with an ARB.

In most cases, the electrical wiring diagram in a one-room apartment in old houses does not meet modern requirements at all. Therefore, when renovating an apartment, you should worry about its mandatory replacement.
This will not only save you from a lot of problems in the future, but will also protect your home from possible fires. Indeed, according to statistics, it is the short circuit of old wiring that is the main cause of fires in our country.

Selecting the main parameters of the electrical network of your apartment

So:

The choice of cross-section and material from which the electrical wiring in a one-room apartment will be made, and its layout largely depend on the type of installation and the total power of all connected devices.
Therefore, first of all, we should draw up a plan for the location of sockets and the lighting network. In this case, you should be guided by the norms of the “Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations” (PUE) and basic concepts of convenience.
1. Installation of switches in the bathroom is prohibited
2. It is prohibited to install sockets without RCD circuit breakers in the bathroom.
3. Switches in rooms should be located near the door on the door handle side.
4. Sockets in residential premises can be located based on their ease of use. In this case, the recommended values are a height of 0.3 to 1.8 meters.
5. Switches are usually located at a height of 0.6 - 0.8 m.

The next important step is choosing a wiring diagram. The method of open wiring in boxes or hidden wiring in walls can be used. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. So the advantages of open wiring include:
1. Possibility of installation without making repairs to the room. You simply install an additional box under the ceiling, into which the wiring is subsequently laid.
2. Installation time is significantly reduced. So, with the right approach, all the wiring in a one-room apartment can be replaced literally in one day.
3. Ease of carrying out repair work and subsequent installation of additional electrical receivers.

But hidden wiring has several more advantages:
1. According to the PUE, significantly lower requirements are imposed on hidden wiring. As a result, it is not always necessary to use additional protection against mechanical and thermal damage. And there is no need to buy additional boxes for it. Thanks to this, the issue price is significantly lower.
2. Hidden wiring with the same wire cross-section has slightly higher tolerances for nominally permissible currents and overload currents. This is achieved due to better heat transfer performance.
3. Hidden wiring does not spoil the appearance of your apartment at all and does not take up the already small space of the apartment.
Based on all this, we can conclude that open wiring is chosen only in exceptional cases. For example, when the repair has already been completed, but they forgot to replace the wiring.
Or when wall gating is extremely undesirable due to the dilapidation of the building. In other cases, the best option is, although more labor-intensive, the option of hidden wiring.

Calculation of the electrical network of a one-room apartment

So:

First of all, we need to calculate the rated load of all your electrical receivers. To do this, we use a simplified formula; where P is the rated power of electrical appliances, U is the rated voltage of the electrical network (for a single-phase network it is 220V), and I is the rated current of our electrical network.

Based on this formula, an electrical appliance with a power of 1 kW consumes a current of 4.55 A. To simplify the calculation and create a certain reserve, we take it equal to 5A.
When calculating your electrical network, take into account only realistically possible situations of its use with maximum load. You should not rely on the fact that you will connect four 2kW heaters in one room at once.
After all, the probability of this is quite low. And the electrical wiring diagram in a one-room apartment will become significantly more complicated and will increase in price from such a calculation.
Now let's start choosing the wire we need. This should be done in accordance with clause 1.3 of the PUE.
But considering that our loads are not large and we do not need ultra-precise calculations, we make an approximate calculation. To do this, we assume that a cross-section of 1 mm 2 copper wire has a carrying capacity of 10A, and an aluminum wire has a carrying capacity of 5A.

Almost every owner needs to replace the electrical wiring in an apartment. Especially if the apartment is located in a house built more than 20-30 years ago. At that time, most of the household appliances and electronics now in use did not exist, so the wiring was not originally designed for such a load and was made primarily of aluminum.

Over time, the characteristics of such wiring deteriorate significantly. If you apply excessive load to such wiring, it simply will not withstand it and will burn out.

Experts strongly recommend entrusting any electrical work to professionals. However, if you wish, you can carry out all the necessary activities yourself. You just need to familiarize yourself with the general information about the upcoming work, remember the safety regulations and carry out installation in accordance with the instructions.

Remember: it is pointless to perform partial wiring replacement. If you decide to take such measures, then change everything completely: the panel, switches, electrical sockets, etc.

First find out the layout of the old wiring. In some situations, the circuit is organized in such a way that it is impossible to replace existing components with new ones, and the only available solution is to dismantle the highways and arrange the wiring in a new way.

For example, there are situations in which the wiring is made in grooves located under the floor covering. If the owner’s plans do not include a complete replacement of the coating, the only possible option in this situation is to disconnect the old wires and lay new lines using a different method.

If the cables were initially laid in grooves, there will be no special problems with replacement, but the wall covering will be significantly damaged.

The easiest way is to replace electrical wiring laid in an open circuit. With this scheme, the cables are laid in special channels (ducts). If the boxes were not initially disguised with finishing, for example, plasterboard, then the repair work will take place with minimal losses.

Before you begin, you will need to draw up a new wiring diagram. Select the wiring method. It is strongly recommended to refuse the open method - it simply does not look aesthetically pleasing in an apartment. Give preference to either closed installation or arrangement of wiring in cable channels.

Sketch out a housing plan on paper indicating the locations of switches, sockets and other components.

It is more convenient if the sockets are placed in places where powerful household appliances are installed. Calculate the optimal number of sockets. It is more convenient when there is one outlet for every 5-6 m2 of space. A 6 m2 kitchen should have at least three sockets.

If an electric stove is installed in an apartment, a separate outlet must be installed for it. In this case, the power cable of such an outlet must have a cross-section of at least 4 mm 2, or even 6 mm 2. The specific value is selected individually in accordance with the power of the equipment.

There are no strict requirements regarding the height of sockets. The main thing is that they are convenient to use.

It is most convenient to install switches immediately after entering the room. The optimal distance between the switch and the door is at least 150 mm. Place the switch on the side of the vestibule. It will not be very convenient to use near the hinges. There are also no strict recommendations regarding the installation height of switches - do what is convenient for you.

Pre-determine the total power of electrical appliances for each individual room. If a large number of powerful devices are installed within one room, separate lines with individual circuit breakers are connected to such a room.

In accordance with the selected locations for installing switches and sockets, select convenient areas for installing distribution boxes. Indicate their locations in the plan.

Indicate in the plan the type, material of manufacture and cross-section of cables for each room.

Check the wiring diagram again. Think about whether everything suits you, whether it will be convenient for you to use sockets and switches mounted according to this scheme in the future. If you are satisfied with the result, complete the basic preparatory steps.

First of all, mark the locations of switches and electrical outlets on the walls. If the wiring will be carried out using a hidden method, get rid of all finishing materials, and then draw on the walls the lines for the wires and the installation locations of the elements of the new system.

If you wish, you can get rid of the old wiring. First, get rid of switches and sockets, then distribution boxes and cables. But this is quite dusty and lengthy work. It is much easier to simply disconnect the old wires, dismantle switches and sockets, seal their installation sites and lay new cables in accordance with the diagram.

Safety precautions

All work on dismantling and installing electrical cables must be carried out in strict accordance with safety precautions. Before performing any manipulations, turn off the main circuit breaker, i.e., turn off the power to the apartment.

Using the indicator, make sure there is no voltage in chandeliers, electrical outlets, and switches. Do all this while wearing rubber gloves. The handles of the working tool must be insulated.

Replacement of wiring should begin with the installation of a new distribution panel. New houses usually have niches for such panels with pre-laid power cables. In such a situation, all that remains is to place residual current devices and circuit breakers in the panel, fix the device in the niche intended for this and connect the power cable to it.

In older houses, the shields are made hinged. Select a location to install the shield with easy access. Secure the shield to the wall using dowels.

Drill a suitable hole in the wall for connecting the power cable. Stretch the wire and connect it to the panel on the driveway.

Strip the input wire and make the following connection:

blue cable - to zero;
white wire - to the top contact;
yellow cable - to ground.

In the case of using emergency shutdown devices, first connect the zero and phase wires to such a device and only then connect them to the machine and to the zero terminal.

Proceed with wiring. We offer you two methods. Familiarize yourself with the procedure for completing each of them and get to work.

Hidden installation of new wiring

Concealed electrical wiring is installed in grooves, under the floor finish, in ceiling voids, under a layer of plaster or behind plasterboard finishing.

Installation of wiring under the plaster layer and in grooves is the most “dirty” and labor-intensive option. Some owners lay cables along the floor. This allows you not to go around the existing walls, but requires complete dismantling of the covering and laying new material in its place.

First step

Make grooves. To arrange them, use a wall chaser or at least a grinder and a hammer drill. Remember safety - be sure to wear safety glasses and a respirator.

When choosing the depth of the grooves, remember: the thickness of the plaster layer laid on top of them should be no more than 1 cm. There are no restrictions on the width.

If it is possible to lay wires in floor voids, give preference to this method.

Second step

Third step

To do this, cut the cables into pieces of the required length. In some situations, corrugation can be used for greater convenience. With its help, it will be easier in the future to replace a section of cable without compromising the integrity of the finishing material of the walls.

A method is also sometimes used, according to which a bundle of cables is pulled together using special clamps and attached to the wall using suitable fasteners.

Fourth step

Connect the cables in the junction boxes. To do this, use SIZ. Cover the connected cables with a cover.

Fifth step

Install switches and electrical outlets in selected locations. Connect the cables to the contacts. Make sure the installed system is working properly using a special tester.

Finally, all you have to do is turn on the electricity supply from the power panel and seal the grooves with plaster.

If you choose the method of installing wiring under plasterboard finishing, the technology for performing the work will be slightly different. In such a situation, the wires must be hidden in corrugations, and the corrugations are attached to the walls using clips.

This technique is much simpler and less dusty compared to the previous method, but its aesthetics leave much to be desired. Connecting the shield is carried out in a similar sequence.

First step

Attach the plinth to the floor surface in accordance with the previously drawn up diagram.

Second step

Run distribution boxes from the baseboard to switches and electrical outlets.

Third step

Place the cables in the box.

Fourth step

Install external junction boxes if installation is required. To connect the wires inside such boxes, use SIZ.

Fifth step

Install sockets and switches, bring wires inside, connect.

Finally, all that remains is to check the voltage using a tester and close the box with the baseboards.

It is also advisable to invite a qualified electrician to check that the measures are carried out correctly.

Good luck!

Video - Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in an apartment

All work on installing new and replacing old electrical wiring, regardless of where it will be done, in an apartment or a private house, in a country house or in a garage, requires a competent and thoughtful approach. It is necessary to begin this complex process by drawing up a power supply project, based on a thorough consideration of the plan for the arrangement of all electrical systems for the home. The project can be drawn up the old fashioned way on paper using colored markers, or done on a computer using a simple graphics program. In this article we will take a step-by-step look at how to draw up an electrical wiring diagram in an apartment and a private house.

Deciding on the location of furniture and equipment

Before drawing up a diagram, it will be important to take into account the layout of the premises, the planned arrangement of furniture and the placement of stationary electrical appliances. Places for installing electrical accessories in the room should be chosen so that they are not cluttered with sofas or cabinets and provide comfortable access to turning lights and electricity consumers on and off. It would be better if the discussion of this complex issue was brought to the family council.

The first step is to make a floor plan indicating window and door openings. In order to make it easier in the future to calculate the required amount of cable and wire, it is better to draw up a plan on a scale in compliance with the dimensions. The process of designing an electrical wiring diagram will be considered using the example of a one-room apartment. It is better to number the names of the premises on the plan and indicate the decoding separately.

Where: 1 – hallway, 2 – bathroom, 3 – kitchen, 4 – living room.

Optimal installation locations for sockets

After this, it is necessary to mark on the diagram the places where it is planned to place pieces of furniture and stationary electrical appliances. If household equipment is highlighted in red, this will greatly simplify the work on further drawing up the wiring diagram. It is recommended that all electrical items be numbered and recorded in a transcript: 1 - washing machine, 2 - dishwasher, 3 - electric stove, 4 - acoustic center, 5 - TV, 6 - stereo system, 7 - personal computer.

Drawing up a plan for the location of furniture and equipment will allow you to determine the optimal installation points for sockets. Layout of sockets in the apartment:

For more information about what to pay attention to and how to place sockets in the kitchen and bathroom, read the articles:

To design a wiring diagram, we recommend using special programs. We have provided the best ones in a separate article!

Lighting scheme

In the classic version, ceiling lights should be located in the center of the room, the location of which is at the intersection of lines passing through the middle of the length and width of the room. In the hallway, made in the shape of the letter L, 2 lamps are installed.

When drawing the location of switches on the diagram, it is necessary to take into account that the door can open inward or outward, be right-handed or left-handed. An open door should not interfere with free access to it. Switches are usually located inside rooms. Exceptions are rooms with high moisture content, which include laundries, baths, and bathrooms. This is done to ensure electrical safety and safety of switching equipment.

The wiring plan provided shows that the bathroom light switch is located outside of the bathroom.

Routes for laying cables and wires

After determining the installation location of lamps, switches and sockets, it is necessary to draw up a diagram of the electrical wiring routes; this design phase is the main part of the work. The wiring diagram and installation is greatly simplified if you have suspended ceilings in your house or apartment. In this case, the wires are laid in corrugated pipes and attached to the rough ceiling.

In order to save wire, wiring routes are selected according to the shortest distance. A wire is laid in the grooves under the plaster, connecting the distribution boxes with switches and sockets. With the standard option for arranging ceilings, electrical wiring is laid in pre-punched grooves along the walls of the room. To connect lighting fixtures, the wire is passed through the ceiling channels. An example of laying a cable line, in accordance with existing standards, is provided in the diagram:

Drawing up a plan for the electrical wiring route should begin from the farthest point of the electrical network. In this case, it will be a double socket in the hall; it must be connected to a distribution box, which should be installed at the entrance to the room. Then the route of the wire connecting the second outlet is plotted on the diagram.

The lighting network will consist of wires, the first of which runs from the box to the switch, the second, connected to the ceiling lamp, is laid in the channel of the floor slab. The distribution box in the hall receives power via two wires from a distribution board installed in the hallway. It is also necessary to provide, if possible. In this case, the wiring will be three-wire.

Using this principle, you need to draw up a wiring diagram for the remaining rooms. To complete the picture, we can assume that a suspended ceiling is installed in the kitchen. In this case, the electrical wiring will be laid in corrugated pipes, secured with dowels with nails to the concrete floor slab, the routes for its installation will be selected taking into account the shortest distance. Descents to electrical fittings will be made under plaster.

We should not forget that the power supply to the premises is carried out by at least two groups of wires, one of which provides power to the power network, the other is intended for the lighting network. We talked about this in more detail in a separate article.

You can save a lot if you connect the sockets together with a “loop”, bypassing the distribution boxes. Experienced electricians do not recommend practicing this connection method, due to the high current load on the sockets. In addition, when using this connection method, the failure of one outlet can cause a blackout of the entire power network.

In conclusion, based on the finished and correctly drawn up diagram, the required wiring footage and wire cross-section, the required number of sockets, switches and junction boxes are calculated. The conductor cross-section is selected based on the expected current load of consumers. We talked about this in a separate article.

Legend

Drawing up a shield diagram

Electrical design in 3D

Electrical wiring plan for a private home

Now you know how to draw up an electrical wiring diagram in an apartment and a private house. As you can see, in order to independently draw up a plan for cable routing and installation of electrical accessories, you need to study all the nuances, of which there are quite a lot!