When you need to sow peas in open ground. Selection of pea seeds for planting. When planting peas in the open ground in spring

Growing peas in the open field

Pea (lat. Pisum) - a representative of the genus of herbaceous plants and the legume family. It is grown not only for the harvest, but also as a siderata. The remains of the pea vegetation saturate the soil with nitrogen, which has a beneficial effect on the development of the following crops grown on the site.

Growing peas in the country, sowing time

Since the culture has a deep root system, it is necessary that at the time of planting the soil is sufficiently heated and dried. Sowing can begin in the last decade of April, and the planting of peas is completed in July. Observing a break of 10 days between treatments, you can enjoy a fresh harvest for several months.

Planting peas seeds in open ground

This culture loves open sunny terrain with deep-lying groundwater. Growing peas on acidic soils is undesirable. Hydrogen pH should not exceed 7 units. Culture loves a light but fertile soil, with an excess of nutrients also undesirable, especially nitrogen.

Soil preparation and crop rotation

Soil preparation should be started in the fall: it is good to dig up the soil, and add potassium salt and superphosphate at 20 and 50 g per square meter. m, respectively. Sour soil is recommended to be treated with ash, contributing 0.3 kg per square meter. m

You should not grow a crop in the same place every year. Unwanted precursors are any legumes. Peas give a good harvest after tomato, potato, pumpkin, cucumber and cabbage.

Preparation of pea seeds for sowing

Pea - fast-growing culture. The period from sowing to flowering is 30-50 days, and a month later the first pods ripen. Therefore, many people prefer to use a seedless method, sowing seeds directly into open soil. Do not be afraid of frost, the plant develops well even at low temperatures.

Seed preparation is as follows:

• they need to go through, throw away the bad and damaged;
• soak for several hours in plain water;
• boric acid disinfection: prepare a solution (1 g per 5 l of water), heat to 40 degrees Celsius, and place seeds in it for 5-7 minutes;
• after drying on a paper napkin.

Planting peas in open ground

There is a simple scheme how to plant peas in the garden:

• it is better to use high beds;
• the furrows are wide, up to 8 cm deep, and at a distance of 0.5 m;
• the cavities are partially filled with a mixture of ash and compost, then with a layer of earth, leaving about 3 cm for sowing;
• seeds are sown at a distance of 7-10 cm, and covered with soil;
• the soil is moistened and compacted, it will retain moisture and protect the grain from birds.

Planting should be covered with a transparent film for 7-10 days, until the first shoots. Between the rows you can grow lettuce and radish.

Peas - cultivation and care in the open field

Active care of peas begins when the sprouts reach two weeks of age. Landings gently loosen, and spud young bushes. Throughout the season should regularly clean weeds. When the green reaches a height of 0.2-0.25 m, you can install the support.

Pinching tops

Caring for peas in the open field after the installation of supports consists in pinching the tops to stimulate the growth of lateral shoots. This should be done in the morning, because the wounds should have time to dry before the evening. After some time, the side shoots also pinch.

Watering peas in open soil

One of the most useful legumes - peas, cultivation and care for which will be simple, when following the rules of watering. These plants do not tolerate drought. Standard irrigation is carried out every 7 days, in a volume of 10 liters of fluid per square meter. When the weather is hot, watering increases up to 2 times a week. Similarly, during the flowering period.

Top dressing of peas

Feeding is carried out 2 times a month, combining them with watering. A couple of teaspoons of nitroammofoski must be combined with 10 liters of liquid, and use 1 square. m landing.

Rarely make compost fertilizers:

• before flowering;
• after him;
• in the autumn processing area.

Pea garter

For the construction of supports, you can use the meter pegs installed along the bed at a distance of 1.5 m from each other. Between them fix the wire or twine.

During the period of the formation of pods, weak stems do not withstand the load, and need to be tied up. It is enough to lift them up and put them on the string, and then the plants will be fixed on it with the help of antennae.

Diseases and pests of peas in open ground

Growing peas in the open ground is often accompanied by plant diseases and insect invasions.

Pea pests

The most frequent pests are:

• garden shovel;

All these insects feed on the leaves and fruits of plants, lay eggs on them, and their larvae continue to destroy the bushes. To scare away the pests using fragrant infusions of garlic and greens of tomato:

• Chop 20 g of garlic, insist day on 10 l of water, strain, process leaves;
• chop 3 kg of tomato tops, insist 2 days on 10 l of water, strain, sprinkle the plants.

In case of severe injury, you can use insecticides: Fastak, Spark.

Pea diseases

This crop has the risk of infecting with certain diseases, which can be avoided by observing agricultural techniques, crop rotation, and disinfecting planting material and soil.

Harvesting peas

After 60-80 days after sowing, you can harvest. If you started in April, by July the pods will begin to ripen, beginning with the lower ones. Harvesting should be carried out at least every other day. It is necessary to collect peas accurately, pinching off pods. Tearing them away is likely to damage the bush.

In the period of harvesting peas, you can continue its crops. It is impossible to use the vacated bed, it is necessary to prepare a new one. Planting peas in July can be harvested until the end of September.

Total

Peas are a source of essential vitamins and trace elements for the human body. It is easy to grow in open ground, observing the basic rules of care, you can collect several crops.

Plant peas (lat. Pisum)   belongs to the genus of herbaceous plants of the legume family. The homeland of peas is South-West Asia, where it has been cultivated since time immemorial. Green peas contain carotene (provitamin A), vitamin C, PP, vitamins of group B, and also salts of manganese, phosphorus, potassium and iron. Vegetable peas are a source of lysine, one of the most scarce amino acids. In modern culture, three types of peas are grown: fodder, grain and vegetable - an annual self-pollinating plant that can grow rapidly. Peas are in demand not only as a source of vegetable protein and other nutrients, but also as siderat - the best predecessor for any other garden crop.

Vegetable pea - description

The root system of the pea is deep, the stem is hollow, branching, reaching a height of two and a half meters, depending on the variety, ordinary or standard, with irregular-pinnate complex leaves, the petioles of which end in antennae, which, clinging to the support, hold the plant vertically. Pea flowers are sometimes purple, but usually white, self-pollinating, bisexual, blooming 30-55 days after sowing. The first peduncle in early varieties is pecked from a sinus of 6-8 leaves, and in later ones from a sinus of 12-24 leaves. New flower stalks appear every two days or even every other day. Pea fruits - beans, depending on the variety of different shades of color, shape and size. The beans contain from 4 to 10 smooth or wrinkled seeds of the same color as the peel of the pod. Like all legumes, peas enrich the soil with nitrogen: during its growth, beneficial microorganisms develop in its roots - bacteria that fix nitrogen absorbed from the atmosphere.

  Planting peas in open ground

When to plant peas in the ground.

Despite the fact that the peas are fastidious, it is easy to grow it on the plot with the observance of agricultural technology. Planting peas in the open ground is carried out at the end of April - from the twentieth of the month, as soon as the garden will dry out a little from the snow melted. Pea shoots develop normally even with light frosts. Early varieties can be planted in summer, until the end of the first decade of July. In general, peas are sown several times: from late April to early July, with an interval between crops of 10 days. Before planting, the seeds are heated for five minutes in a hot (40 ºC) solution of boric acid (2 g of acid per 10 liters of water) - this measure reduces the likelihood of pea diseases and pests, in particular, the nodule larvae. After swelling in the acid solution, the pea seeds should dry out. If for any reason you did not have time to wet the seeds for swelling, sow them dry - they will swell in the ground by the evening.

The soil for peas.

Growing peas in the open field requires certain conditions to be met: the site for the peas is chosen sunny, with deep groundwater, because the roots of the plant go down a meter and can be affected by water. The soil for the peas is preferable to light, but fertile, soil pH should be in the range of 6-7 units: in acidic soil the plant will be sick and weak. Does not like peas poor soils, as well as those in which there is an excess of readily available nitrogen. Some gardeners recommend sowing peas in tree trunks of young apple trees, because their just starting to grow crowns do not block peas from the sun, while peas enrich the soil for trees with nitrogen. If you decide on such an experiment, put fertile soil in a tree-trunk circle with a layer of 10-12 cm in height.

Despite the fact that the cultivation of peas from seeds starts in early spring, it is better to prepare the soil for peas in the fall: dig over, adding an additional 20-30 g of potassium salt and 50-60 g of superphosphate for each m². Sour soil is neutralized with wood ash at the rate of 200-400 g per m², depending on the value of the acid index. Next spring, before planting, add 10 g of saltpeter per m² to the ground. Never use fresh manure as a pea fertilizer - the plant does not tolerate it, but it grows well on the grounds that were cultivated under its predecessors.

Then you can sow peas.

Peas grow well after plants such as tomato, potato, cabbage, cucumber, and pumpkin. Precursors such as beans, beans, soybeans, lentils, peanuts and peas themselves are undesirable for peas.

How to plant peas in open ground.

Before planting peas, make fur beds 5–7 cm deep and 15–20 cm wide at a distance of 50–60 cm from one another in the beds of the furrow. Add compost mixed with ash into the furrows and sprinkle it on top of the garden soil so that the furrow depth remains approximately 3-5 cm (3 cm for heavy soils, 5 cm for light). Sowing is carried out with a frequency of 15-17 seeds per meter of furrow, that is, the distance between the seeds should be about 6 cm. Furrows with seeds are sprinkled with earth, which is then compacted to preserve moisture in the soil, and protecting the pea from the birds, cover the area before germination transparent film or fishing net. Shoots appear in a week or one and a half. In the peas between rows you can grow radishes or lettuce.

  Pea care

How to grow peas.

Seeds germinate already at 4-7 ºC, but the most comfortable temperature for culture is 10 ºC. But the heat to peas is contraindicated, and from the seeds planted in the heat, you will not wait for flowering.

The main care for peas is the proper watering followed by loosening and weeding the site at the same time. The first loosening of the soil is carried out two weeks after the emergence of shoots and is accompanied by hilling of pea bushes. When the plants stretch to a height of 20-25 cm, put on a number of supports, on which the peas will climb up. If you want to get a rich harvest, as soon as possible, pinch the top of the stem so that it starts up several side shoots, which over time can also be pinned. It is best to carry out this manipulation in an early sunny morning so that the wound has time to dry before the evening. It is likely that you will be faced with pests or diseases of peas, and you should be prepared to protect the crop from them.

Watering the peas.

Pea reacts very painfully to heat, so in a dry season there is a need for increased moisture. The culture especially needs moisture when peas appear on flowers. If until this moment peas are watered on average once a week, then with the beginning of flowering and further formation of the fruits they switch to a watering regime twice a week. Peas are watered more often and in a hot time - twice a week, and abundantly - 9-10 liters per m². After watering is usually carried out weeding and loosening the site.

Top dressing of peas.

Top dressing of peas can be combined with watering. Before watering the peas, dissolve a tablespoon of nitroammofoski in 10 liters of water - this is the consumption of the solution per 1 m² of pea beds. How to fertilize peas besides nitroammofoski?   You can use a solution of mullein. Dry organic matter (compost, humus) and potash-phosphate fertilizers are applied for the first time before flowering, and the second time after it, and also in the fall, during tillage. Nitrogen fertilizers applied to the soil in the spring.

Garter peas.

The pea stalks are weak, so when the fruits begin to form, the peas fall under their weight and need to be tied to a support. Pegs or metal rods stuck along the row at a distance of one and a half meters from each other can be used as a support. They are stretched horizontally with wire or rope. Guide the shoots of peas with tendrils along these stretch marks so that the plants warm in the sun and ventilate rather than lie on the ground, rotting from the damp.

  Pests and Pea Diseases

The pea enemies among insects are the pea moth, leafworm, cabbage and garden shovels. Scoops, like leafworms, lay eggs on pea leaves. The hatching caterpillars scoop eat up the ground parts of plants, and the larvae of the leafworm, feeding on the leaves, wrap themselves in them. Butterfly moths lay eggs on the fruits, leaves and flowers of peas, which literally in a week become food for the larvae.

Of the diseases dangerous to peas mosaic and powdery mildew. Mosaic is a viral disease that cannot be cured, but it can be avoided by observing the agricultural machinery of the species and crop rotation, as well as properly treating the seed before planting. The first signs of the disease are slow growth and curliness of the leaves, as well as the appearance of teeth on their edges. Later on the leaves appear necrotic spots, and the veins discolor.

The fungal disease of powdery mildew, or spherotek, is manifested by a whitish, loose bloom, which occurs first at the bottom of the above-ground part, and then spreads to the whole plant. As a result, the fruits crack and die, and the affected leaves and shoots turn black and die over time.

Pea processing.

If you figure out how the pea hurts, you need to know how to process the peas from the fungus, because there is only one way to get rid of the virus: remove the diseased specimen from the site and burn it, and shed a strong solution of potassium permanganate and do not grow anything in this place for at least a year. It is possible to fight fungus with fungicides (Quadris, Topaz, Topsin, Fundazol, Shorom, for example), but it is best to try to treat the spherotec with folk remedies that are safe for humans:

• - in ten liters of water dissolve 40 g of soda ash and 40 g of grated household soap, mix thoroughly and spray this composition on peas twice with an interval of a week;
• - 300 g of leaves of field broom are poured with a bucket of water, insist night, filter and spray peas twice with an interval of seven days;
• - half a bucket of shredded garden weeds is poured with hot water to the top of the bucket and infused for several days, then the infusion is filtered through gauze, diluted with water at a ratio of 1:10 and sprayed with peas.

All treatments are carried out on the leaves in the evening in order to avoid sunburn from the pea-covered ground parts of the pea.

Caterpillars scoop, leaf-worm and codwort are struggling with the processing of peas with infusions of tomato tops and garlic. For the preparation of tomato infusion three kilograms of chopped tomato tops infused in 10 liters of water a day or two. Before you process the peas on the leaves, infusion filter. Garlic for the preparation of therapeutic infusion in the amount of 20 g is passed through the press, pour ten liters of water and insist for a day, then filter and apply. These infusions are well proven in the fight against aphids.

  Cleaning and storage of peas

About a month after flowering peas can be collected. Fruiting peas lasts 35-40 days. Peas - culture multistage, pods are removed every day or two. The first ripen beans in the bottom of the bush. In one season, under favorable conditions, up to four kilograms of beans can be removed from a square meter of pea planting.

Gardeners grow mainly varieties of sugar and shelling varieties of peas. One of the differences between sugar peas and shelling is the absence of a parchment layer in the pods, and therefore you can eat young sugar peas together with the pod. Tender pea pods gradually begin to be harvested as they reach technical maturity from mid-June. If you regularly remove all the pods from the bushes, then in August the peas may bloom again and give a second crop. Try to remove the pods carefully, without breaking the stems. Shelling varieties are harvested from late June to the very autumn as the fruits ripen: since shelling peas are grown for green peas, the pods should be removed while they are still smooth and monotonously colored. If a grid is drawn on a pod, it is suitable only for grain.

Green peas, that is, unripe peas or, as they say, in the stage of technical maturity, are stored in canned or frozen form, because it deteriorates quickly. There is a third method of storage: two minutes boil peas in boiling water, throw it back on a sieve, rinse with cold water, put in a drying cabinet and hold there for 10 minutes at a temperature of 45 ºC. Then it is removed, cooled for one and a half hours at room temperature and again placed in a dryer at a temperature of 60 ºC. You can dry the peas with sugar on a baking sheet in the oven. Ready for storing peas has a wrinkled surface and a dark green color.

Ripe peas, that is, peas in the stage of biological maturity, can be stored for more than one year. However, for this it is necessary to observe the following conditions:

• - peas must be fully ripe;
• - it is necessary to dry the peas well before putting it in storage;
• - Store peas in a place out of reach of insects.

Before storing the peas, it is husked and dried in a room with good ventilation for two or three days, scattered on clean paper. Do not store peas in paper, tissue, or polyethylene, as insects easily penetrate these materials. Peas are best kept in glass jars with metal lids “twist”, because nylon covers are also not an obstacle for pests.

  Types and varieties of peas

The type of pea plant, or vegetable (Pistum sativus) is genetically diverse. Its subspecies are distinguished by leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. But this classification is of interest only to botanists. Practitioners divide the varieties of peas on maturity into early, mid-ripening and late-ripening, and by purpose they distinguish varieties:

Shelling (Pisum sativum convar. Sativum)

- varieties with smooth seeds, containing a lot of starch and not so much free sugars. The best varieties of shelling peas:

• – Dakota   - disease-resistant early and productive variety with large peas;
• – Vegetable miracle   - middle-ripe, disease-resistant variety with pods 10-11 cm long and seeds of excellent taste, intended both for fresh food and for canning;
• – Ding   - German early variety with slightly curved beans with a length of 10-11 cm and dark green seeds in the amount of from 9 to 11 pieces. The variety is suitable for fresh food and for canning;
• – Somerwood   - coarse-grained, medium-late, disease-resistant and fruitful variety with six to ten peas in a bean with a length of 8-10 cm;
• – Jof   - a medium-late disease-resistant variety with sweet seeds in beans, 8–9 cm long;
• – Bingo   - late ripe, disease-resistant high-yielding variety with excellent taste, in a pod which has an average of 8 seeds.

Brain (Pisum sativum convar. Medullare)

varieties - their peas are shriveled in the stage of biological ripeness, but are used in the phase of technical ripeness. They have a lot of sugar, so they are frozen and used for canning. Most popular varieties:

• – Alpha   - the earliest variety of bush (non-lodging) form with a growing season of only 55 days, slightly curved saber pod with a sharp tip up to 9 cm long with 5-9 seeds inside. A variety of excellent taste;
• – Phone - Amateur, very late high-yielding variety with a long (up to three meters) stem and beans up to 11 cm long with 7–9 sweet, large green seeds;
• – Adagum   - mid-season variety of high taste with greenish-yellow in color in ripe seeds;
• – Vera   - early high-yielding variety with pods from 6 to 9 cm long with 6-10 peas.

Sugar (Pisum sativum convar. Axiphium)

- varieties with small and very wrinkled seeds that do not have a parchment layer in the pod, so they can be eaten with the pod. Top grades:

• – Ragweed   - early-ripening variety requiring support when growing;
• – Zhegalov 112   - high-yielding mid-season variety with straight or slightly curved beans with a length of 10 to 15 cm with a blunt tip and 5-7 sweet, delicate seeds;
• – Sugar Oregon   - medium early variety with pods up to 10 cm long, in which 5-7 seeds ripen;
• – Miracle of Kelvedon   - high-yielding early ripe grade with 7-8 large, smooth dark green peas in pods 6-8 cm long.

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Nowadays it is difficult to find a plot where it does not grow peas.   Everyone knows about the taste and useful properties of this culture, that's why adults and children love it so much. Also, as in beef, it contains a huge amount of vegetable protein, which is much easier to digest. Fresh, green peas include vitamins of group B, PP, C, carotene, phosphorus, iron, and lysine. For people who suffer from cardiovascular diseases, the use of peas is mandatory, especially since the cultivation of this plant does not require a lot of space (it can be planted along the fence). This article presents the basic rules for the care and planting of peas in open ground..

Pea: a characteristic of culture

Many still wonder: are peas beans or not?   He really belongs to the legume family, other information is erroneous. The branching stalks of the plant reach 250 cm. The stalk is hollow, and the leaves are pinnate, complex. Scape, on which there are tendrils, cling to the support, and thus keep the culture in an upright position. Pea root has a deep structure.   The flowers are usually white, but they are also purple. Due to their ability to self-pollinate, they bloom 45-55 days after sowing. In the early varieties of peas, at the first flowering, you can see 7-8 sheets of sinus, and up to 24 leaves - in later varieties.

Every two days there are new flower stalks. Characteristic peas can not do without a description of the fruit. They are beans, and depending on the plant variety, have a different shape and color. Beans contain up to 10 wrinkled or smooth seeds, and their color is the same as the peel of the pod. During the growth of a plant, on its roots, beneficial bacteria develop, and nitrogen also appears, which absorbs peas from the atmosphere (this nourishes the soil).

Choosing a place for planting peas in the garden

Peas are picky about the planting site, so the cultivation of this crop should be started with its choice. Selecting the site, you should pay attention to the soil, the neighbors of the plant, lighting, heat, and climatic conditions.

Climatic conditions for growing peas

In order for a pea plant to develop well, it is important to create suitable conditions for it.   The plant is very fond of moisture, so that the seeds evenly swell, and there were friendly shoots, the peas must be planted early in a moist soil. Due to the large amount of precipitation, the plant grows faster and yields increase. During the period of budding and flowering, moisture is especially necessary. If there is not enough water, the plant discards the ovaries and flowers.

However, the peas do not like if the groundwater is too high. He is ready to endure a short drought, as the strong root system of peas uses moisture from deep layers of the soil. Peas are unpretentious to heat and seeds germinate at a temperature of + 5 ° С.   The shoots are able to tolerate frosts up to -6 ° С, and the optimum temperature for forming the ovaries of a plant is +13 ... + 15 ° С, for bean growth - from +17 to + 22 ° С.

What kind of soil loves peas

Pea loves when the soil is well processed and sufficiently moist.   If the selected soil for planting is sour, then first it is necessary to lime. This will require 300 g of slaked lime or 400 g of dolomite flour per 1m². An ideal place for planting will be loam-rich humus, as well as well-fertilized, moist soil.

Best pea neighbors

Before planting pea seeds, keep in mind that previous plants that grew in the same place have a rather strong influence on the crop.   It is best to plant the described crop after potatoes, carrots, beets, cucumbers, tomatoes, and pumpkins.

Important!   After other legumes, for example, beans, lentils, soybeans, peanuts, planting peas in this area is not worth it.

Peas should not be returned to the place where it grew last year, since there is a high probability that the plant will be affected by diseases and pests, therefore the possible dates for planting peas in the same area are no earlier than 3-4 years.

Features planting peas at their summer cottage

In order to properly plant the peas, and he brought a big harvest, you first need to carry out the preparatory work. They consist of soil preparation, seed preparation and the planting itself.

How to prepare the soil for planting peas

When preparing the soil, it must first be leveled and watered properly, and moistened again before the direct planting of peas.   Further in the soil it is necessary to make grooves with a depth of 6 cm, keeping the distance between the beds of at least 20 cm.

Important!   Planting time for peas does not have strict restrictions, but experienced gardeners recommend planting crops when warm weather sets in, that is, closer to May.

Preparing peas for planting

Before planting the plants also need to know how to choose the seeds of peas.   Consider that only high-quality, healthy seeds are required for planting. Feeble, sick and infested with pea weevil specimens should not be planted.

Did you know?   For the convenience of selecting high-quality seeds, they can be placed in a saline solution and select only those that have sunk to the bottom. Saline solution is quite simple: 1 tablespoon of salt to 1 liter of water.

Since before planting you need to germinate the seeds of peas, you will need to perform a few simple steps. After selecting the seeds, they should be soaked in warm water and left to swell for 16 hours, changing the water every three hours. After soaking the seed material, it is dried to a friable state.

How to sow peas

Peas do not require the use of any special agricultural technician and the planting pattern is quite simple.   Before placing the seed material in the ground, in the beds should be made furrows 6-7 cm deep. The distance between them should be 45-55 cm. A mixture of compost and ash is put into each furrow, then it is sprinkled with earth, but so that the depth of the pit remains 2-3 cm. For one meter of the furrow, 17-18 seeds will be required, thus the distance between the pea seeds will be up to 6-7 cm. Next, the seed pit must be densely covered with earth, which will help retain moisture.

Did you know?   As the seeds of pea germinate you will not see, but the first shoots will appear in 7-10 days.

Pea cultivation technology, plant care features

Proper care of peas is no less important than proper planting. Watering, loosening the soil, feeding, garter bushes - all this undoubtedly affects the crop yield.

First actions after sowing

On what day the first stalk of peas will appear, first of all, depends on the regularity of the introduction of liquid into the soil.   Proper and abundant watering - this is the main care of the plant. After sowing, you need to carefully monitor that the peas have enough moisture. If it is not enough, the plant will die, not having time to show the first shoots. While fruits are ripening in the lower part, peas are blooming in the middle, and the tip is still growing and forming buds, watering is especially important for the normal development of the plant.

Important!   Too abundant watering - also not very good especially when beans are formed. This can lead to the spread of disease.

Soil care

During the period of active growth of peas, it is necessary to pay special attention to loosening the soil between the rows.   Only in this way, the roots and nodule bacteria will be able to receive such necessary oxygen.   At the first shoots, reaching a height of 6 cm and forming 4-5 leaves, the beds will need to be harrowed, but this should be done at a time when the ground is dry. This is necessary in order not to damage the root system. Despite what will be the compaction of the soil and the growth of weeds during the growing season, loosening between rows should be carried out up to 3 times (to a depth of 7 cm).

Features feeding peas

Fertilizer must be applied under the peas to increase the yield, stimulate the flowering of the plant and to set the beans.   At the first emergence of seedlings, peas should be fed with infusion of weeds. This is necessary when the work of nodule bacteria is still too weak and the plant suffers from a lack of nitrogen. Fertilizing with mineral fertilizers during fruit set and before flowering will be very useful. In the first case, it is recommended to water the plants with a solution of complex fertilizer (3 g per 1 liter of water). It is necessary to water between rows, without falling on the leaves of the plant.   Before flowering, peas are better to feed dry fertilizer, at the rate of 25 g per 1 m².

Bushes garter

Since the pea stalks are rather weak, and at the first appearance of the fruit, the plant falls off from gravity, it needs a garter of the bushes to the support. In the role of support use metal rods or wooden pegs that need to stick along the row, at a distance of 1.5 meters from each other. On pegs or rods, you need to pull the rope or wire in a horizontal direction. On the rope shoots are supported with a mustache. This is necessary so that the peas are aired and warmed up.

The main diseases and pests of peas

The most common pests of peas are the leaf-moth, the garden and cabbage moth, and also the pea moth.Leaflets and shovels, lay eggs on pea leaves. Caterpillars scoops, even those that have just hatched, eat the ground part of the plant. Larvae moths, wrapped in leaves to feed on them. But the pea butterfly - moth, lays eggs on the leaves and fruits. After a week, they become food for the larvae. Powdery mildew and mosaic are among the main diseases that can cause peas.

The first is a fungal disease that covers with a loose, white bloom, first the bottom of the plant, and then the whole culture. After that, the fruits die, and the shoots with leaves turn black and die. Mosaic is an incurable, viral disease, the appearance of which can be avoided by observing crop rotation and appropriate treatment of seed. Slow growth, the appearance of teeth at the edges of leaves, as well as their curliness are all signs of a mosaic.

Peas: how to get a rich harvest

Harvest can be by the end of June.   How much pea grows also depends on how much the plant grows and blooms. If it bloomed early, then the peas ripen faster.

Did you know?   After flowering, when the first fruits ripen in the lower part of quickly ripe plants, to harvest sugar varieties.getting down   in about a week and a half. It is then that the most sweet and tasty peas.

Collect peas, you need when his blades ripen and you can remove the filled, not overripe beans.   The valves have juicy and green, and grains in length reach up to 8 mm. In warm weather, it is better to collect peas on a spatula as often as possible (for example, every 2 days), while in cool weather it is enough every 4 days. If you gather ripe peas at the wrong time, there will be a slowdown in the ripening of the next fruit.   Harvesting is best in the morning when it is not too hot outside, otherwise pea pods may quickly wither.

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Peas are well known in our area. Many people grow it in their homestead plots. In addition, it is often used as an ingredient in the preparation of various dishes. Further we will tell in more detail about the characteristics of peas, planting and caring for this plant.

This culture belongs to the annual self-pollinating plants of the legume family. Its homeland is Southwest Asia. It was there that she began to be grown back in the distant Stone Age. Stems can reach a length of up to 0.27 m. At the end of the leaf stalks there are antennae with which the stem clings to the support and holds the plant in an upright position. It is known that most legumes are good sideratami. No exception is the peas, which enriches the soil with nitrogen. This is possible due to the presence of beneficial microorganisms present on the roots. They can absorb nitrogen from the atmosphere and “deliver” it to the soil. Pea flowers usually have a white or lilac-purple hue. They themselves look like moths. The first flowers after sowing may appear in a month. In early ripening varieties, they appear in the axils of the 6th and 7th leaflets. In later varieties - a little further from the stem. New flowers are added almost daily. Pea is considered a self-pollinating plant. Despite this, it is not recommended to plant several different varieties of this crop next to it. Otherwise, it is possible to pollination. Pea fruit is a bean. Different varieties of culture usually have fruits of various shapes, colors, sizes. Inside the pod can be 5-9 seeds, which are arranged in one row. Depending on the type of plant, they can be of different shapes and colors. Their surface is smooth or wrinkled. The seeds are usually the same color as the flowers. As for the root system, in peas it is of the core type. Roots usually get deep enough into the soil and branch well. It is thanks to them that the plant is able to enrich the soil on which it grows with useful nitrogen. Culture is divided into three groups: sugar, shelling semi-sugar. The first one is distinguished by the fact that it has no partitions inside the pod. Usually these varieties are grown only for the production of immature beans. They, along with the seeds inside, are used for cooking. As for the group of shelling varieties, there is a parchment layer on their inner wings, due to which the fruits are considered unsuitable for food. They are usually grown for green peas, which are further conserved. Separately, it is possible to distinguish a semi-cultivar cultivar. His parchment layer is present only on beans that have already been dried. Brain cultivars are considered peas of the highest quality. They are inside each group. Their seeds are angularly square in shape, and are very sweet to the taste. The surface of the fruit is usually wrinkled. Pea: photo Preparation for disembarkation Before planting seeds, they need to be sorted out in order to weed out in advance the broken and damaged. Those that were suitable for sowing, you first need to warm up. Then soak in a solution of water and boric acid for about 5 minutes. When the seeds are sufficiently swollen, they can be planted in the soil. Growing peas is an easy task. After all, with proper preparation of seeds for planting, it even produces normal shoots even without the use of growth stimulants. How to plant peas Peas will best settle down on the site where they used to grow crops such as potatoes, cucumbers, pumpkins and cabbage. The introduction of potash and phosphate fertilizers for vegetable precursors will be especially useful. Due to this, pea seeds will become more tender to the taste. You should not make such dressing just before planting. Otherwise, you risk getting a crop with a large number of tops and a small number of pods. When spring comes, compost can be introduced. When to plant peas? So, it can tolerate rather low temperatures. For example, seedlings without “experiencing” frost down to -5 degrees. Therefore, they start sowing this culture early enough. This is usually done in late April, when the soil has time to dry. In summertime, early ripening pea varieties should be squeezed no later than July 10th. The soil for planting this crop must be fertile. In addition, the peas do not get accustomed if there is too much readily available nitrogen in the soil. He also needs enough light. To him, he is quite demanding. Therefore, the best place for planting this vegetable crop will be a sunny area, protected from the wind. By the way, you can plant not only pre-germinated seeds. Peas are also planted in dry form. But you should prepare it before boarding. In particular, it is necessary to carry out activities aimed at protection from pests, especially from nodule weevils. For this, the peas can be held for 4-6 minutes in a solution of boronic acid. At the same time per liter of water enough to take 0.2 liters. acid. 85-120 seeds per 1 square meter are considered normal sowing density. m. Depending on the composition of the soil, at the site the seeds should be ground to a depth of about 35-55 mm. It is recommended to plant the most deeply on clayey soil, and it is enough to close up it to the minimum depth on sandy light soils. The technology of growing peas involves the preliminary preparation of the beds. To do this, first with the help of a flat hoe, a furrow 200-260 mm wide is made. At the same time between the rows should remain a distance of about 500-550 mm. The finished bed is filled with compost, which then must be mixed with the ground. Then you need to distribute in a bed of seeds of peas. Between them there is usually a distance of about 55 mm. Each pea is covered with earth, which should be well compacted. If everything was done correctly, then the first shoots appear within 7-14 days. Peas: cultivation and care Peas do not require much care. It is enough just to cover the shoots, water and weed the bed. After the appearance of the first shoots, they need to be protected from the attack of animals, and, in particular, birds. This can be done by covering it with a regular fishing net. It should be noted that the peas can not tolerate hot weather normally. Therefore, in too warm days it should be watered abundantly. Irrigation at the rate of 9.5-10 liters of water per 1 square meter is considered to be the norm. m. In normal cases, it should be watered at least once a week. On 1 square. m enough to pour about 8-10 liters. water. When watering, you can also make nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. So, during the flowering period during irrigation it is recommended to add mineral dressings a couple of times. At the end of watering it is necessary to carry out soil mulching. The soil around the peas should be periodically loosened. This is especially useful in the initial period of growth. Pea bushes should be tied up. This must be done before the start of flowering. It is recommended to install the pegs every 0.5-1 m as supports. In addition, it is necessary to erect horizontal guides. They can be made, for example, from a rope or wire. This will avoid finding the stems on the ground where they may start to rot from excessive moisture. In addition, on such supports they will be well ventilated and warm in the sun. After the seedlings have become strong enough and have begun to grow, you should stretch the net near them or expose rods. They are needed as a support for the antennae of peas. Thanks to them, he can grow up. You can create a support from a light metal mesh, which is attached to the corners of the site. It is well suited for the case of a double row planting peas. This method does not require a garter. In addition, it is good because it protects plants from some pests, including rodents. The time of the first feeding of peas is usually chosen at the moment when the plants on the bed are 80-95 mm long. Then the second procedure can be carried out once every two weeks. Re-feeding is not as important as watering. Water the peas need to systematically. This is especially true in dry weather. But in this case you need to know the measure, because this culture also reacts poorly to excess moisture. When the color appears on the plants and the beans begin to pour, it is recommended to make the watering regular and systematic. For this a special schedule is drawn up. In the first season, young peas can be tasted within a couple of weeks after sowing. It should be collected very carefully. In order to increase the yield, it is recommended to pick the fruits during ripening daily. In this case, you need to break only the strongest and suitable. If pods were found on the stems that had time to re-ripen and dry, they should be removed from the bush. This is done because they impair the process of development and growth of young fruits. Diseases and pests So, since autumn, the area under the peas should be dug up. It is better to sow peas in the first warm spring days. Young shoots are recommended to be treated with extract of tobacco, burdock roots or leaves of celandine. For the same purpose, you can use decoctions of tops of tomatoes or wormwood. One of the most unpleasant diseases for peas is powdery mildew. This disease can affect almost all plants in the garden and significantly reduce the likelihood of harvest. To combat this disease using infusion field sludge. To prepare it, you should take 290 grams of the leaves of this plant, pour a bucket of water and insist for about 8-11 hours. Ready infusion should be sprayed all planting. After a week, you need to re-spraying. Harvesting and storage of the crop The first harvest of peas is collected in the middle of summer. Moreover, the assembly of beans produced as they ripen. Therefore it is necessary to do this in several visits. Shelling varieties usually begin to break when the grain size reaches maximum dimensions. At the same time on the doors should not be a grid. If it is present, it means that the peas are overripe. Sugar-bean shoulder-picking usually starts as they become flat. At the same time they should be tender, fleshy and juicy. From 1 square. m. crops of this variety can be harvested 1-1.3 kg of crop. It makes sense to completely remove peas from the bed only when the lower pods have ripened and dried. Cut the plants should be hung beams in some dark and dry room. It is here that they will have to fully mature. Pea seeds are often used in food in immature form. Peas are used both fresh and canned. Less commonly, it is used dry or frozen. Fruits are often used for cooking various soups, meat dishes, salads. Often it serves as a decoration for a particular dish.

Fans of pea dishes try to plant several varieties of this plant in their summer cottages in order to get an environmentally friendly and tasty product. But how to plant it in the spring? Which varieties are better to choose? And does the yield depend on this? You will get answers to these questions by reading our article.

Features of spring planting peas

It has been scientifically proven that peas, like a herb, are frost resistant. Therefore, some gardeners planted its seeds in the spring, beginning in late March. The main condition for planting this month is optimally heated soil. Seed germination begins at a temperature of 4 degrees, and the most comfortable for peas is considered to be 10 degrees.

Even with a decrease in air temperature to 6 degrees below zero, young shoots of this plant do not freeze, but continue to grow.

Another feature of planting spring pea seeds experts call the method of sowing in several stages. It consists in the following: begin sowing work in portions in late March - early April, and end in late May. In this case, the interval between plantings of seed portions in the spring should be about 10 days. Thanks to this method, you can get a crop at different times.

Planting peas in the lunar calendar for 2016

According to the lunar gardener's calendar for 2016, peas are planted in the spring - in March, April, and May. Experts have calculated favorable days for this procedure, based on the fact that the best yield is given by the seeds planted during the growing moon period:

• in March it is best to plant peas 23, 26-27, 29-31;
• april, 1, 9-13 and 17-28;
• in May - 2, 11, 17-20, 24-26.

Unfavorable for sowing seeds in open ground are days that fall on the periods of the full moon and new moon:

• March 6-7, March 9-11;
• 2-3, April 6-7;
• 1, 3-5, 8-9, May 31

Planting peas and variety selection

A good harvest of peas depends on the correct variety of this crop. The range of seeds is divided according to several criteria:

1. The consistency of peas:
   • shelling (intended for cooking soups, so it must be dried well before being sent to storage) - "Aksay mustache", "Batrak";
   • sugar (it has a high sugar content and lack of pigment, it is perfect for canning and eating in salads with a pod) - Alpha, Sweetie, Swiss Giants;
   • cerebral or polysaccharide (this name is given, because the seeds of peas of this species have convolutions on the skin resembling the brain) - “Ding”, “Premium”, “Tropar”.
2. According to the ripening period:
   • early - Alpha, Premium, Vera;
   • mid-season - "Ding", "Emerald", "Viola";
   • late-ripening - “Atlant”, “Late-ripening cerebral”, “Sugar-2”.

Experts point out that pea beans of cerebral and sugar varieties do not always produce high yields, they are also stored for a short time fresh. At the same time, shelling a dry variety is good to save for several years, and it does not lose its taste.

Planting peas and choosing a place

In the people, it is believed that peas can be sown on any loose bed, as this herb is unpretentious to the soil and thermal conditions. But this is not so: it grows poorly on soils with high acidity. This is manifested in its pain. But, as you know, such a defect in the soil can be really corrected with the help of the procedure of liming. To do this, a little lime should be added to the fertile top layer of the soil (350 g per 1 sq. M).

Best suited for the growth of pea soil with such characteristics:

• medium loamy, which contain sand and clay in their composition - 30-40%;
• with a high content of humus, formed after decomposition of residues of plant and animal origin - up to 85%;
• with sufficient moisture capacity, but without an excessive excess of moisture (the presence of groundwater is excluded).

Also on the growth of pea bushes and their yield is affected by light - the peas should be planted in the spring in a place open to the sun.

We plant peas in the spring: landing in the tape way

Spring peas are sown in the so-called ribbon method. It lies in the fact that the rows are distributed in three in one lane - “tape”. But the distance between such rows will be excellent for different varieties:

• for shelling - 20 cm;
• for sugar - 40 cm;
• for the brain - 50 cm.

Also pay attention to the density of sowing seeds - from 4 cm to 6 cm between them. Planting is carried out at a depth of about 4 cm. Experts have calculated the standard rate of seeding for a good harvest - 15-20 g of pea seeds are used per 1 square meter of crop area. After the seeds are sown in the beds, they are covered with a layer of compacted earth.