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Do-it-yourself sewerage in the country: important nuances of arrangement

Most often, "six-hundred" houses are used in the warm season, so not all owners are interested in carrying out full-fledged engineering communications. But you don't want to do without convenience. A compromise can be simple cesspools and budget septic tanks, which you can install yourself. Do-it-yourself sewerage in the country is quite real, and you do not need professional knowledge.

If it is not possible to crash into the central sewer, the system will have to be designed from scratch. The plan must take into account:

the number and type of drains in the house (sinks, showers, baths, toilets);
method of laying pipes inside the premises (open, under the casing, hidden in the walls);
the optimal place for the outlet of the sewer pipe to the street;
features of the arrangement of the external highway;
type and location of the collector.

Another important nuance of arranging sewerage in the country is the number of collectors. It depends on whether you will bring drains from the toilet and kitchen to one place or different ones. The second option is more beneficial from the point of view that household drains can be released into cesspools without a bottom. Pumping them out is not required, therefore, you can save on calling a sewage truck.

Simplified scheme of country sewerage

Feces can get into the soil, disrupt the soil ecology and even contaminate drinking water. Therefore, to drain from the toilet, it is necessary to equip an airtight container. But if household waste also flows into it, the pit will quickly fill up. You will have to call the pumpout very often. The advantages of such a system are the relative ease of installation and subsequent maintenance.

Important! If the water in the country is extracted from a well, it is forbidden to build a sewer without a bottom! This can be hazardous to health.

Installation of sewer pipes

Ideally, sewerage in the country is laid during the construction of the house, but this happens quite rarely. In ready-made premises, it is unlikely that it will be possible to make a hidden system, but you can also remove the drain from the sink, shower and toilet with your own hands.

In a private house, it is imperative to install siphons with water seals

Internal work

How to arrange sewerage in the country with your own hands? First of all, it is necessary to lay the inside of the system. Observe the following principles:

To connect sinks, use a plastic pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. Lay it with a slight slope - 3 cm per linear meter will be enough.
To divert the toilet, take the “weave” pipe.
To install the outlet pipe, make a hole in the foundation, its diameter must match the size of the pipe.

Important! Choose siphons with water seals. This technique will prevent the appearance of unpleasant odors from the sewer.

Laying the highway on the site

The sewer collector, as a rule, is located at a distance from the country house. To ensure the drainage of water and feces by gravity, it is necessary to lay pipes at a slight slope. Plastic, asbestos-cement or cast iron products are suitable for arranging the highway - here the choice is yours.

The outer part of the sewer is laid with a slope

Important! If the pipeline passes under footpaths or a parking area, cast iron will be the best choice.

According to building codes, the sewer pipe is laid in a special trench with a slope of 25 mm per linear meter. It is necessary to dig below the freezing level of the soil. If this is not possible, additional insulation will be required. The bottom of the trench is covered with a sand-clay mixture (thickness - at least 10 cm), and the gaps between the walls and the pipeline are covered with it. The top layer is well compacted.

Important! Do not increase the slope of the line - too high a drain speed violates the self-cleaning function of the pipes.

Simple sewer for domestic waste

The simplest sewage in the country without pumping, which you can do yourself, – pit for household drains from the kitchen and washbasin. Such waste does not harm the environment and human health, so a system without pumping is sufficient for their disposal. The fastest way to make it is from plastic pipes and a plastic can:

Choose a place to install an impromptu collector (the distance to the exit point of the sewer pipe from the house should not exceed 4 m).
Dig a meter-long recess (a can should fit freely in the hole) and a trench leading to the house (depth - about 0.5 m).
At the bottom of the pit, make a pillow of expanded clay and sand.
Prepare a can: drill several dozen holes in the walls with a diameter of about 10 mm, and near the neck - one hole for the sewer pipe (the size must match exactly).
Install the can in the pit and connect the sewer pipe taken out of the foundation to it.
Turn on the water and check the system for leaks. If everything is fine, the trench can be buried.
Fill the can itself to the neck with a mixture of gravel, expanded clay and coarse river sand. Put car tires on the drainage layer - the top one should peek out of the pit by 30-50%.
Carefully cover the remaining space on the sides with soil. Seal it, close the can with a lid, and the top cover with a slate sheet or a wooden shield.

Sewerage scheme from a perforated can

By the same principle, you can make a sewer in the country with your own hands only from tires. Dig a hole twice as deep, lay tires along the entire height (one on one), cut the pipe into the second “mortgage” element from the top. It is not necessary to seal the structure.

Sewerage for drain from the toilet

A simple sewer without pumping is not suitable for draining fecal matter. In this case, it is necessary to use a sealed container with a volume of about 3 cubic meters (the standard size of a sewage truck). It is not necessary to buy special plastic canisters; barrels from fuels and lubricants, milk or fish are suitable for giving. A more "advanced" option is a multi-chamber septic tank.

Cesspool

The pit is best equipped on the border of the site. So you protect yourself from unpleasant odors and provide free access for special vehicles. The minimum allowable distance to residential buildings is 5 meters, to wells and other water intakes - 30 meters. The minimum depth of the pit is 2 meters.

For arranging cesspools, you can use special cans or containers of suitable size.

Important! If the terrain is hilly, the collector must be dug in a lowland, optimally at the lowest point of the site.

How to arrange a simple sewer for a toilet in the country:

Dig a pit according to the size of the barrel - only the manhole cover should remain on the surface of the earth. If the capacity is very large, it is better to order an excavator.
Dig a trench for laying the sewer pipe - it should be as straight as possible. If this is not possible, try to ensure that the angle of rotation does not exceed 45 degrees.
Using special equipment, lower the barrel into the pit. If you are using a container that is not intended for septic tanks, coat it on the outside with a waterproofing compound (bituminous mastic or car bottom protection solution).
Cut a hole in the top of the barrel and attach a sewer pipe.

Important! The pit needs to be dug with a slight slope towards the barrel hatch. Solid particles will settle at the lowest point, and it will be easier for the vacuum truck hose to capture them.

Septic tank for a summer residence

The use of modern septic tanks allows you to create a sewer without pumping out with your own hands - in a country house or a suburban area. Fecal matter mixed with water passes through a multi-chamber container and gradually separates into liquid and solid components. The purified liquid is discharged into the soil through the drainage system, and the residue decomposes biologically (it is processed by bacteria). The system is quite expensive, but these costs are compensated by the rare calls of the sewage truck (specialists are needed for preventive washing of the tank and pumping out sludge).

Country septic tank made of concrete rings

The scheme for installing a septic tank practically does not differ from the arrangement of a cesspool with a barrel, but there are several important points:

The dimensions of the pit should exceed the dimensions of the septic tank by 20-30 cm on the sides.
At the bottom of the pit, a sand cushion 20-30 cm high is poured. If the groundwater passes high (the soil is wet), a concrete slab is placed under the tank.
The pit with a septic tank is covered with a mixture of coarse sand and cement in a ratio of 5: 1. As the gaps are filled, the layers are compacted, and the container is filled with water (the liquid level should be 20 cm higher than the ground level).
Trees and large bushes should not be planted around the sump. The allowable distance is 3 meters.

In order for the country sewage system to work more efficiently, infiltrators are installed next to the septic tank - devices for soil purification of water. Through the pipeline, the liquid from the septic tank enters the tank, where nitrification takes place - the process of natural oxidation of organic matter and its decomposition. Then the purified water passes through the filtration layer and is absorbed into the soil.

Do-it-yourself sewerage device in the country should be comprehensive. Manufacturers recommend installing an infiltrator at the same time as installing a septic tank:

Dig a pit with dimensions 40-50 cm larger than the size of the infiltrator.
Lay a layer of geotextile at the bottom of the pit and fill it 20-30 cm with a mixture of crushed stone and sand.
Install the infiltrator and cover it with geotextile.
Side gaps of 40-50 cm are covered with a filtration mixture, and then with sand.

Important! The strength of the fasteners and the correct installation of the infiltrator must be checked before filling the pit.

Do-it-yourself sewerage device in the country house is not particularly difficult. The simplest system for summer use can be designed and installed by yourself. If you plan to live in the house all year round, it is better to entrust the calculation and installation of communications to professionals.