Autonomous source  water  on the land - it's like a working stove in the winter in a car. That is without it seems to be as possible, but it is more comfortable. After all, with the help of water you can wash dishes, wash clothes, make dinner and much much more. In the absence of its well, even a bathhouse does not make sense. For this reason, most of those who bought a piece of land, first of all begin not to build a house, but to look for this vital liquid.

The process of finding water for a Russian person is very fascinating and takes a couple of hours. After all, many of us first try, and then read the instruction. Here and here, it happens that the owner of the site will invite a large company. Friendly and shock pace will dig with it a huge pit or will score many meters of metal pipes in the ground. Then, not having achieved the result, everything ends with a holiday at the end of the work. As a result, the goal has not been achieved.

And the owner after that remain with the question: "How is it, my neighbor has water, and I could not find her"And the truth is that the difficult thing is to find water that must necessarily fall under a certain thickness of the soil .So, it is so, only the earth's crust is represented by a multitude of soil rocks, between which there may be more than one aquifer. In addition, these layers (including aquifer) lie at an angle and have different power  (thickness). Therefore, it is not uncommon for drinking water to lie at a depth of 3 m in one section, but in another section, for example, 50 m, there is none at this depth or it is unfit for drinking.

In the search for water experts advise not to rely on luck, but to approach the problem seriously. In other words, before you begin work on the search for an aquifer, you need to know clearly, where, when and at what depth to drill a well  under the water. After all, it will help in the future to avoid many problems, one of which, in addition to the listed, can be a sudden drainage of the source.

How deep to drill a well

Before you start drilling a well on water, you need to decide what kind of water quality is required. So, depending on the depth of the deposit underground waters are divided into :

• Groundwateris the uppermost layer of water lying between the ground surface and the waterproof layer (for example, clay). Most often, such water has an increased content of iron and other impurities, which makes it unsuitable for drinking. On average, such water is at a depth of 1.5 to 5 m.

• Interplastic- a layer of water that lies between two water bodies. It is characterized by increased rigidity, therefore, for use in domestic needs, it is desirable to use water softeners. Usually it is colorless, odorless water, suitable for drinking. The depth of occurrence of such waters is in most cases 3-15 m.

• Artesian  - a layer of water under waterproof rocks (for example, limestone). Most often, such water is highly mineralized. As for its taste and stiffness, it depends on the nature of the soluble salts. This water usually lies at a depth of 50 to 1000 m.

Where to drill a well on the site

In order that it does not happen that the purchased pipes are not enough or they are purchased an excessive amount, it is desirable to obtain a map of the aquifers. This map shows the number, thickness and depth of aquifers in a given region or city area. You can try to get such a card in organizations involved in drilling wells for water, or in the organs of State Geology. Also, this information can be found on the websites of companies that provide hydropower services.

In the absence of data in a certain locality, one can either orient oneself to nearby areas, or on a paid basis turn to special organizations. They will be able not only to find water, but also to suggest where on the site it is better to drill a well.

But in our time organizations may have different competencies. Therefore, it is not superfluous to know about some rules of location of the well on the site:

• The well should be located as far as possible closer to home. It is recommended to do this in order to save on pipeline laying. The optimal distance is considered to be 3 m, as it contributes not only to avoiding unnecessary waste, but also undesirable undermining of the foundation in case of an unusual situation.

• A well designed to collect groundwater should be as possible further away from sources of pollution (cesspool, landfill, etc.).

• If there is a noticeable bias in the area, it is desirable to place the well   in the middle. Otherwise, it is necessary, or more to drill, or to overcome puddles, if necessary, to approach the source of water.

• For a drilling rig  recommended to set aside a site 4х9 m in size. In addition, do not forget that the drilling mast has a height of at least 10 m. Therefore, the trees and electric wires  for it can serve as a hindrance.

When to drill a well

As is known, the level groundwater  varies depending on the season. But to a greater extent, the uppermost aquifers are affected; surface and groundwater. This affects the interplastic waters poorly. Therefore, to find technical water it is necessary to determine the time of the year:

• Spring  - not the most best time  for drilling a well. Firstly, the drilling machine can dilute the soil on the site. And secondly, spring is a time when the level of groundwater is greatly increased. Therefore, it may happen that by the middle of summer the water in the well will end, since the main aquifers lie below.

• Summer  - a comfortable temperature, dry ground underfoot and a settled level of groundwater. All these pluses at this time can turn into two significant drawbacks: the queue for drilling and poor performance of work due to haste.

• Autumn  - The time when the complexity of drilling a well depends on the month. So, for example, in September the water level is close to summer, and the soil is dry. In addition, by this time, the agiotage is dropping. The next two months are distinguished by some increase in the level of groundwater and slush.

• Winter  - cold, frozen ground and snowdrifts that impede access to the drilling site. These are the main reasons why many people do not want to drill a well at this time of year. But they forget that winter is a time when you can save a lot on these jobs.

The main conclusion that can be drawn at the conclusion of the article is, if desired, water at the site can always be found. The question is only in its quality and the costs of the work.

Whatever is said, but to acquire own source drinking water  on suburban area  - this is the ideal option, which everyone dreams about. Moreover, if you try a little, then the source can be obtained without any problems, given that it, as a rule, is and for this you will need drilling.

There is only a very clear question, and how deep the layer is, to provide sufficient pressure at the top. Without resolving this issue, it is not recommended to start work.

Depth: how important

But first it is required to determine in general what types of layers exist.

There are actually four of them:

• 1 - perchage is the highest and simplest, placed at a depth of 4 meters; it feeds on atmospheric precipitation, so it is very dirty or in summer it is not completely dried out;
• 2 - groundwater - such lie up to 10 meters in clay or rocky rocks as waterproof; this source is much cleaner than vadose;
• 3 - interplastic water - from 10 to 100 meters; this horizon is often located between water-resistant clays - the upper layer can be partly permeable, which ensures that the formation is fed from the ground;
• 4 — artesian waters  - more than 100 m (though sometimes they are encountered and already at 40 m); The source here is the cleanest, although sometimes with impurities.

Helpful advice!
  We advise very precisely to understand the terminology of the subject under discussion.
  So, often the first two layers, viper and ground, are very similar to each other and they are united under one name "ground".
  The first three layers are also called sandy, in character aquifers.
  And the fourth, for the same reason - limestone.
  Therefore, they say, "drilling on sand" and "drilling on limestone."

In fact, the situation with underground soils can be much more complicated. The most typical is shown in figure "A".

Here:

• A - surface layer of soils;
• B - groundwater, note the actual position of the formation, the height of which can change at different points of drilling;
• C - water-resistant clays of the upper horizons;

• D - layer of sand and gravel;
• E - rocky bedrock, as waterproof for the lower layers;
• F - deep water;
• G - crack, which can cause loss of the layer.

Determination of depth

The depth of the well for drinking water can be determined in several ways.

The first is the simplest

The simplest, but rather accurate way is this worldly:

• you find a well working nearby;
• learn its depth;
• accurately determine that your aquifer is the same;
• its level of occurrence will be yours;

• for more accurate data, it would be nice to find another pair of wells of the same horizon in order to determine the character of the horizontality of the layer;
• if others approximately have the same index of depth as the first one, then you can with a high probability also include your own to the same.

The second is for the reservoir

But with simple way  it can not always be lucky.

Then it is necessary to be guided by levels of occurrence of layers (figure "B"):

• A - the river, as a zone of unloading water layers;
• B - waterproof layers;
• C - interplastic water, pressure; The well for extraction from here is no more than 50 m;
• D - flowing artesian waters; as a rule - about 100 m, but if you are lucky, you can get a fountain from 40-50 m;
• E - interplastic, non-pressure - from 10 to 30 m;
• F - vagrancy - from 3-4 to 10 meters;
• G is the so-called ground feeding zone.

What does this mean

Know the depth of occurrence of its layer is important, primarily for two reasons:

• first, to determine the necessary labor costs;
• and, second, to determine the specifics necessary equipment, which is clearly demonstrated by the drawing "C":
• if the "well on sand" (A), that is, not more than 50 meters, then it will be enough to have pipes of the same diameter of 127 mm, but they will have to equip everything, there is a high probability of excessive contamination;

• if the "well on limestone" (B), the occurrence is much deeper, so that a whole cascade of pipes with a gradually decreasing diameter, from 133 to 117 and further down to 95 mm, can not be avoided - a so-called telescopic well is created; although, perhaps, you can manage without a filter.

Helpful advice!
  Nominal allowed depth of artesian.
  For example, in the Moscow region, they can reach up to 250 meters with a minimum of 35 m. At the same time, one should not be surprised at their popularity, because they have significantly higher productivity due to greater pressure from within. The capacity can reach up to 50 liters per minute, which is enough for 3-5 sites.

conclusions

The instructions and the price depend on the depth of the formation. It is not always possible to determine the depth accurately, but rough estimates do not interfere. Be sure to review the additional video in this article, it will once again allow you to systematize your knowledge of the possible depths of occurrence so necessary for you in the moisture site.

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Depth of well for domestic water supply: how to determine it?

For water supply a country house you usually need to create a source. It can be a well or a well. Before starting to create a source, it is necessary to find out exactly what depth of well for drinking water is needed. This parameter depends on the nature of the occurrence of the aquifers and the specific requirements of the consumer.

Types of sources and their depth

Now there are several options for water supply sources, which can be used on a suburban site.

Well

The most simple option is a well. However, it should be borne in mind that its depth usually reaches a layer called perchage. This is water leaking from the surface after precipitation and melting snow. Depending on the surrounding conditions, the characteristics of well water are different. If there are septic tanks or other sources of pollution in relative proximity, then the probability of contamination of the upper waters is high. In other cases, well water can be used for food after heat treatment, but it is desirable to additionally clean it.

The advantage of the well is its simpler arrangement. However, if water is required in sufficiently large quantities, without fluctuations in the seasons and is fairly clean, then attention should be paid to the wells.

Currently, sand and artesian sources are most often used. They differ in depth, the use of different aquifers and the available water volumes.

Sand well

The sandy well reaches the sandy aquifer. The water from it is of relatively high quality. Additional purification is sometimes required only from mechanical impurities. The capacity of the source is usually sufficient to provide an average family in a country house.

The approximate level of occurrence of water is determined by the characteristics of a particular area. The depth of the wells and the features of the arrangement are taken into account. Specialists-drillers often have a certain experience of drilling in a specific locality. However, it is impossible to guarantee that the water will be at a specific distance from the surface.

Artesian well

The artesian well is the deepest. It reaches an isolated aquifer under the limestone layer. In some regions of our country, the artesian aquifer can be located at a depth of two hundred and fifty meters. In no region is it located closer than thirty-five meters from the surface.

The quality of water in the artesian source is the highest. It can be used without further purification and treatment. Productivity artesian well  is enough for a cottage community.

That the artesian source functioned normally. It is necessary to properly equip it. Several types of pipes are used to create the well. At the first level, a casing is placed, which prevents the collapse of the ground and penetration of the upper water into the well. It reaches the limestone layer. Next, the next pipe is installed, which is directed to the aquifer. It is established borehole pump, pumping water to the surface.

At the deepest artesian layer, a telescopic well is created. Several tubes with decreasing diameter are successively installed.

How to determine the depth of a well?

To determine what should be the depth of the source for drinking water, you should choose its type. Artesian will be deeper than sand. Specific figures can not be named without reconnaissance drilling.

Starting to drill, you need to know that in the process you can go through several water layers at once. Not everyone is suitable for drinking water. Clean drinking water must comply with sanitary standards, so drilling is performed with expertise.

The first aquifer is found at a relatively shallow depth: from four to six meters. It usually does not pay attention, because the water quality is not high.

The next level is at a depth of ten to twenty meters. Usually the water quality in it is sufficient for domestic and household needs. Here you can stop. The specific choice depends on which particular source is required. If - artesian, then continue to drill further.

Exploratory drilling

The exact answer to what depth it is necessary to drill a well can not be. Determine the parameter will help only exploratory drilling. This kind of geological survey is performed by specialists. It should be borne in mind that it will require certain costs. Depending on the region, they will be about six hundred rubles for each drilled meter.

To determine the exact meaning of the depth of the future source, a journal is generated. It makes marks during the drilling process.

To know the depth of the drill, take into account the number of rods used. To do this, specify the details of each bar. In the process of work describe all the details. This will reveal the depth of occurrence of different soil layers.

If you are to drill a well, you should know a few points. The very water-bearing vein is composed of fine sand with a high looseness through which water seeps. But on both sides it is separated by a layer of dense clay and limestone. If the drill reaches a dense clay layer, then beneath it there may be an aquifer layer. If this is not a random clay lens, then in three or four meters, water will be available.

Regardless of the depth to which the source will go, it is important to check the water quality. It must be remembered that the higher the aquifer level, the less quality water can be. The concrete depth of the source with water of acceptable quality can range from a few meters and up to a hundred in the case of an artesian spring. So the sand springs usually turn out to be fifteen to forty meters deep. In many ways, this indicator depends on the type of soils in a particular locality, i.e. from its geological structure. Sometimes, even in neighboring areas, water lies at a different distance from the surface.

Living in private homes and in cottages, their owners seek to provide themselves with maximum comfort, an integral part of which is the availability of drinking water. The most logical way to secure yourself drinking water  in unlimited quantities - is the drilling of deep wells. Wells are wells in the form of a pipe with a small diameter and great depth. The smaller the depth of the well, the dirtier the water that can be obtained with it. This is due to the high probability of penetration of effluents and groundwater into the upper aquifer. For this reason, drilling of wells for drinking water is always carried out at a considerable depth.

How to choose a well site for drinking water?

When choosing the location for drilling, the feature of the relief and structure of the soil is taken into account. Aquifers can be unevenly distributed within a single plot, at different depths. That is why it is desirable to involve experienced specialists for the study of the site. Test drilling is usually done to determine the location of the aquifer and the quality of the water. These works require licensing, so the choice of the organization for their implementation should be approached especially responsibly. It is important to remember that the quality of water is determined by the composition of the soils in the adjacent areas. For example, it is not recommended to drill wells for drinking water near fields treated with chemicals, or cemeteries. The water obtained during the trial drilling is sent to the laboratory for analysis. To drinking water, especially high demands are made, as it can cause serious harm to health with improper quality.

Aquifers

In total, there are 3 aquifers in the process of drilling:

1. At a depth of 4-6 meters, it is usually dirty water, suitable only for irrigation.
2. At a depth of 10-17 meters, water can be suitable for drinking, but often has harmful impurities, so it requires mandatory laboratory testing.
3. At a depth of 25-45 meters there are the cleanest artesian waters.

Types of wells

Depending on the depth, sand and artesian wells are extracted. Both can be used to produce drinking water, but preference is usually given to artesian, which is also called "limestone." The depth of sand wells is up to 20 meters, artesian - up to 100. Upper aquifers are insulated by a pipe so that water does not enter the well from them.

Drilling of wells for drinking water from the company "Voda-St"

The company "Water-St" will conduct a site survey, determine the optimal location of the well for drinking water, perform trial drilling. Our experts will help you to get an opinion about the quality of water in the laboratory, issue a permit for drilling. If commercial use of the well is planned, that is, the sale of the received water, licensing is required, in which the company "Water-St" can also provide assistance.

We are developing a well design, realizing it, selecting and installing the optimal equipment. This provides the necessary pressure, a decent water quality and long term  well service. All types of work are carried out in accordance with existing standards, they are guaranteed.

The company "Water-St" - is drilling deep wells at affordable prices. We go to sites located in Moscow, the Moscow region and nearby cities. All questions on cooperation can be asked by our specialists by phone or through a feedback form.

In the absence of a central water supply, the best option would be to drill a water intake well. Where in the site to drill, when is it better to drill a well? All these questions are very important and the proper operation of the future source of water depends on the correctness of the answer to them. Determining independently the optimal place is not so difficult, if you have the necessary knowledge and take into account the features of the site.

When choosing the location for drilling, many factors are taken into account: the geological features of the site, its relief, the effect of hydrological factors, and the location of the remaining objects of economic activity. In addition, the convenience of locating the future source of water supply is of great importance, which will make it possible to further exploit it without problems.

The selected well site should meet the following requirements:

• the presence of an aquifer;
• convenient location for water intake;
• possibility of water supply;
• providing access to the drilling machine and other equipment for well servicing;
• compliance with sanitary norms;
• absence of power line lines, underground communications.

Also, at the stage of choosing the site for the well, it is worth considering how the pump equipment will be connected, i.e. take into account the availability of power lines. If in the future you plan a gasket surface water supply  from the well, it is desirable that the slope of the site does not exceed 35 °.

When choosing a location for a well, not only the characteristics of its own site are taken into account, but also the adjacent territories for compliance with the specified requirements

Sanitary norms and regulations

Sanitary standards for the location of water-bearing wells are described in the documents of SanPiN No. 2.1.4.110-02. Of course, above all, this document concerns large water intakes providing water settlements  or individual enterprises and districts. However, even with the device private well  on your own site is recommended to adhere to health standards.

In accordance with the regulations SanPiN minimum distance  from the source of water intake to residential buildings is from 30 m for protected groundwater, and 50 m for unprotected groundwater. It is clear that in conditions of private construction it is impossible to observe these norms. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to the following rules:

1. Directly near the well at a site size of at least 4x4 m there should be no residential and economic buildings.
2. Within a radius of at least 300 m, industrial enterprises, large motor roads, landfills, cattle graveyards and cemeteries should not be located.
3. In a radius of at least 20 m there should not be garden crops, watering which is carried out using chemical fertilizers.
4. The well should be as far away as possible from cesspools, sewage septic tanks, biotlets and other drainage structures. This applies not only to objects located on your site, but also to neighbors.

It is practically impossible to ensure full compliance even with these norms, so if the water from the well is used not only for irrigation, but also for drinking needs, care must be taken to clean it. Another way out in this situation may be drilling a deeper artesian well.

The correct choice of the location of the well allows the use of water from the well without the installation of expensive filtration and disinfection equipment

Choosing a place to drill a water source

When choosing a location for drilling a well, the presence of aquifers is crucial. It is from the depth of their occurrence that many factors will depend: the amount of work, the method of drilling, the need for cementing and filtering, etc. Let us consider in more detail which types of groundwater can serve as a source of water for economic needs and how to determine their depth of occurrence.

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Consider four types of groundwater that can become a source of water in your area:

1. Verkhovodka - the upper aquifer layer, lying at a depth of 3-4 m. Filled with melted and rainwater, therefore, is highly contaminated. Use such water for drinking and drinking of domestic animals is prohibited, you can use this water to water plants. During the drought and winter, the perch may simply disappear, so the drilling of the well is never carried out before.
2. Groundwater at a depth of no more than 10 m. Such an aquifer layer is formed due to the fact that below it are hydro-resistant soils that do not allow seepage downward. Groundwater does not dry out even during a drought. The quality of such waters is quite high, in the presence of filtration systems and observance of sanitary standards, in most cases they can be used for drinking.
3. Interplastic non-pressure water. They lie at a depth of 10 to 110 m between two water-resistant layers. Layers can have different structure and water permeability, for example, from above can be sandy loam, and from below - loam. Water quality - usually high, depends on the specific characteristics of the site. Wells that open interplastic waters are most often found on private farms.
4. Artesian waters. Located at a depth below 100-110 m. Despite the fact that the water from the artesian well is clean and suitable for drinking, drilling such a well is a complex process, which is not solved by every site owner.

The matter is that for the arrangement of an artesian well it is necessary to agree with the authorities and compliance with the current legislation, including the Federal Law "On Subsoil".

Wells drilled "on sand" and on "limestone", so it is called on geological slang. The most watery and stable is the horizon, confined to cracks in limestone

Visual methods of searching for groundwater

All methods used by experts to determine the depth of the aquifer are based on accumulated experience and centuries-old observations, as well as on the properties that groundwaters have and their impact on the environment. The best option, when the following methods are used in a complex manner, since despite the high reliability, none of the methods does not give a 100% guarantee.

Vegetation on the plot as an indicator

Determine the level of occurrence of perchage on your site will help to study vegetation of natural origin. Pay attention to those plants, which even in the driest period remain green and juicy. The approximate value of the depth of occurrence of groundwater by plant species:

• cattails and reeds, sedge - 1-3 m;
• black poplar - 1-3 m;
• wormwood - 3-6 m;
• alfalfa - 10-15 m.

The shallow occurrence of the aquifer is indicated by trees such as: cedar, willow, alder, birch. But the presence of a pine on the plot opposite, says that the underground waters lie deep enough. If the well is drilled for economic purposes, then a site with similar vegetation is quite suitable.

Note that annuals are not indicative of the depth of the aquifer. they have a short root system and receive the necessary moisture from natural precipitation, dew or perch.

The terrain in the area of ​​the site

In most cases, the aquifer repeats the terrain topography. That is why the best place to drill is to choose the drop zone, because there the water will be closest to the surface. Also, the presence of an aquifer is indicated by longitudinal changes in the area, but it is rather difficult to notice them with an inexperienced look.

Drilling in the lowland is preferable, since the depth of drilling is reduced, and hence the financial costs of the construction aquifer

In spite of the fact that the lowlands for drilling are preferable, it is impossible to drill a borehole in wetlands, in view of the fact that very poor quality water will enter the well from the surface, while constantly flooding the pit.

Also, the choice of the location of the well depends on the characteristics of the soil: it is desirable to drill in the place where the soils are best suited for development. In this case, sands, loam and sandy loam are much preferable to rock.

Influence of the nearest reservoirs

If within a radius of 300-500 m from your site there is a natural reservoir (lake or river), then the aquifer will be located at any point of the plot with a high probability. In this case, the rule applies: the closer to the natural water body, the higher and more abundant the aquifer will be.

Considering the remoteness of the site from the natural reservoir, do not forget to take into account such a factor as draining sewage or industrial waste into it. In this case, the presence of a nearby lake or river will be more likely to be a negative phenomenon than a positive one.

This is especially true for sandy soils that have high filtration rates, and if mechanical impurities on the way to your site are likely to be filtered out, then harmful chemicals probably will get into the groundwater, and thence to the wellbore.

Clay rocks have low filtration characteristics, so the choice of a location for a well near natural sources with pollution is unacceptable. In the presence of a pure natural reservoir, a well device on a layer of sand lying between clay soils is possible.

In the presence of negative impact  to the nearby natural source of water, the device of a shallow borehole is impractical, in this case it is necessary to drill to artesian waters

People's Signs and Observations

There are people's signs that our ancestors used during the search for underground water. These signs include the abundance of morning dew in a certain area, as well as the accumulation of evening hazy haze. Such phenomena are very likely to indicate that the groundwater is located close to the surface of the earth.

Also, the depth of the water can be predicted by studying the behavior of domestic animals in hot weather. Dogs do not like to lie where an aquifer layer comes close to the surface of the earth, but cats on the contrary choose such places for their pastime. A small depth of water attracts insects, they swarm over such a place during and after sunset. But rodents and ants to stay away from such places, preferring drier soils.

Of course, it is not worthwhile to completely rely on people's signs, but taking them in conjunction with other signs will not be superfluous. Using popular clues, you can determine the location for the device of the Abyssinian well.

Empirical methods of searching for groundwater

These methods include different ways, which are well proven in the search for groundwater in different types of sites. To implement these methods, special equipment, measurements and analysis of the information obtained are required. Despite the high accuracy, these methods also do not give a 100% guarantee, but in combination with visual signs they can be reliably considered reliable.

Empirical methods of searching for an aquifer and determining the location of a future well are usually based on initial visual observations

Clay pot: grandfather's way

An ancient method, which our ancestors used to search for underground water. The principle of operation of this method is as follows: a dry clay pot is taken and is set for the day in the proposed location of the aquifer. If after a day the pot was fogging inside, and its walls became wet, it was concluded that the water is close to the surface of the earth.

This method can be used in dry, warm weather. To obtain more accurate results, it is recommended to use several clay pots, comparing their condition after the day, which pot is most wet inside, in that place and the depth of the aquifer is less.

Use of silica gel: a modern method

Silicogel is a synthetic polymeric substance capable of absorbing moisture from the environment. Before use, the substance is thoroughly dried, if kept in the open state. The silica gel is placed in a bag made of natural fabric and weighed, it is enough to take 100-300 gr.

After that, a bag (or several bags) is buried at the points where the aquifer is supposed to be located at a depth of 0.8-1 m. A day later, the bags of silica gel are scooped out and weighed. In the place where water saturates most, silica gel will absorb the greatest amount of moisture, which will affect its weight, it will increase by 1.5-3 times. The greater the increase in weight, the closer to the surface is the aquifer.

Instead of silicogel, you can use any desiccant, for example, pre-crushed and dried clay brick.

Silica gel is part of the filler for the toilet of domestic animals, so to search for groundwater, you can use a regular polymer filler from the pet store

Geophysical method: electrical sounding

To perform a search for groundwater, this method requires special equipment. It is impossible to make a search independently in this case, you will have to turn to professionals, but the reliability of this method is very high. The principle of operation is as follows:

• in different points of the plot, soil resistivity measurements are made;
• as a result of research, the aquifer is determined.

Underground waters are fixed in the place where the readings of the instruments are from 50 to 200 ohms. The method is not suitable for the presence of underground utilities, metal structures, the devices will give unreliable results.

The method of biolocation: the search for a frame

The most famous and at the same time controversial way. Some experts consider it effective and scientifically sound, while others call charlatanism. Nevertheless, many cases have been documented, when groundwater was found using biolocation. To implement this method, it is necessary to prepare frames of aluminum wire with a length of 50 cm. The ends of the wire are bent at right angles. The frame is inserted into the branches of the viburnum, hazel or elderberry.

1. With the aid of the compass, the sides of the world are determined and we mark them on the site.
2. Slowly cross the section from north to south, and then from east to west, holding a biolocation frame in hand.
3. In the place of occurrence of the aquifer, the frames begin to move.
4. Moving in different directions and following the movement of the frame, we determine the direction of the water-bearing vein.

The use of the frame is based on the action of magnetic fields, so this method is not suitable if the ground of the site contains a large amount of iron ore or nearby there are radar towers that distort the data of the frame-frame.

Instead of an aluminum frame, vine branches can be used that are highly sensitive to fluctuations in magnetic fields in the presence of an aquifer

All the methods considered above are widely used for the search for an aquifer and the location of the definition of drilling a shallow well or an Abyssinian well. However, as has already been said, not one of them provides no guarantee that by starting drilling, you will meet groundwater at the expected depth. Is there a way to determine the groundwater level in a particular location? Is it possible to accurately determine the depth of the aquifer? Yes, if you use the method of prospecting drilling.

Exploratory drilling: a reliable method

The most reliable way to avoid annoying miscalculations is to find official information about the hydrogeological situation of the site. Data can be obtained from a local drilling organization or a meteorological service that has all the characteristics of the geological and climatic characteristics of the region.

For self-exploration, you can use a manual method that does not require financial costs. Before the beginning of drilling operations it is necessary to prepare the required inventory: a hand drill, a shovel, and also take care of the storage location of the ground raised on the surface.

This method is suitable for soft soils that can be drilled with a hand drill. For denser rocks, it will be necessary to call specialists and apply more serious equipment.

Advantages of reconnaissance drilling:

• 100% result of the search and determination of the depth of groundwater;
• possibility to make an assessment of groundwater;
• the ability to accurately calculate the cost of drilling.

The exploratory well, as a rule, is not operated and is subject to backfilling.

In the process of exploratory drilling, the depth of occurrence of groundwater, the thickness of the aquifer and the presence of overlapping horizons

Unsuitable places for a well

The main condition for the arrangement of the well in the section is the presence of an aquifer. However, even if it is observed in some cases, drilling of the well is impossible. Signs of unfitness for the location of the well are:

• presence of groundwater pollution in the immediate vicinity;
• place next to sewage system  and sewage;
• location near ecologically unfriendly natural reservoirs;
• close proximity of power lines and laying along a section of underground communications;
• trees with a branched root system.

Particular attention should be paid to compliance with sanitary standards, in case of their violation, drilling of the well can not be performed. Also, you should not have a well near the fence of the neighbor area, because you can not predict what a neighbor will build on your land in the immediate vicinity of your water source.

Many homeowners consider placing a well in the basement of the house an ideal option.

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Indeed, if the aquifer layer passes just in the area where the house is located or will be built, then this option will have many advantages:

• significant simplification and reduction in the cost of the process of installing water from the well;
• the shortest waterway route;
• no need for insulation and in the construction of the caisson.

If you want to arrange a water intake within the house, you need to drill a well on the construction site before the foundation is erected. Optimum - to reflect in the project of the house the presence of a water-bearing well in the basement.

The well can not be located under the living rooms, kitchen and bathrooms, the best place will be a basement under a closed veranda, pantry, boiler room

Disadvantages of the location of the aquifer in the basement:

• sufficient space is required;
• difficulties with the installation of pumping equipment due to the inaccessibility of the well;
• problems in the washing process with discharge of sewage;
• the possibility of erosion of the soil around the source of water and the threat of subsidence in the foundation of the house.

Between the end of drilling and the beginning of the erection of the foundation must be at least 1 month. This period is necessary to identify and eliminate all problems associated with the operation of the well. Note that there should be enough space around the well for maintenance or repair. The minimum size of the site for maintenance is 3x4 meters.

When to drill a well?

Having decided the question of where it is best to drill a water-bearing well, it is necessary to determine when to drill. Experts believe that each time of year has its pros and cons to conduct drilling operations.

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In one they agree unanimously: you can not drill a well in the spring. There are several reasons for this:

• the presence of high water raises the level of groundwater;
• it is impossible to reliably determine the location and depth of the aquifer;
• the spring mudslide will complicate the passage of drilling equipment.

In most regions of Russia drilling is impossible from March to May, in the northern regions from April to mid-June. In dry regions, it is also not recommended to drill in spring, even in the absence of flood, in this case groundwater is still unstable, their level is markedly increased.

Drilling a well in the spring is possible if exploratory drilling was carried out in the summer-autumn period and the depth of the aquifer is well known

Summer-autumn period

The best time to build a well is July-September. At this time, the level of the perch is at a minimum level, which means that it is possible to accurately determine the optimal horizon for a future well. Also, the advantages of conducting drilling operations in the summer-autumn period include:

• dryness and stability of the soil;
• access to special equipment;
• comfortable temperature for drilling operations.

Many site owners prefer to start work on the arrangement of wells in autumn after harvesting, so that the special machinery does not damage the planting, and when flushing the well, there is no contamination of the crops.

When planning the well for the period August-early September, note that at this time the drilling companies are busy, so it is necessary to agree on the date in advance.

Drilling in winter

Winter is an ideal time to drill artesian and sand wells to groundwater. In this case, the risk of an error in the abnormal determination of the aquifer is minimized; Vadose does not interfere with the determination of the level groundwater. Modern technology easily copes with frozen ground, while at the minimum harms the terrain of your site.

It is not necessary to rinse the well, most of the impurities will be washed in the spring during the flood. An important factor: during the winter period, the number of customers from drillers is reduced, and hence the cost of drilling operations is reduced.

In the winter, special equipment does not spoil the landscape of the site, it does not harm lawns and greenery, the soil left after drilling, will shrink and the harvesting work in spring will be minimized

Video about the choice of location for the well

The choice of the location of drilling a water-bearing well in the area:

  The video about self-exploration by a primitive method of drilling:

The choice of the right location for the arrangement of the well is an important measure on which the future fate of the water supply system of your site and home depends. Carefully weigh all the pros and cons of the chosen place, try to take into account as much as possible and predict all the factors that can affect the quality and availability of groundwater.