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Drawings of drilling rigs for wells. § Swivel, drill rods and locks. What kind of rigs are there?

When performing wells for water, as in any production process, performers tend to increase productivity, as well as process efficiency. Concerning the mentioned process, this is an increase in the drilling speed of the pit and optimization of non-productive losses in auxiliary operations. The first factor can be improved by rock softening, if water is supplied to the working area. It also helps to increase the survivability of the drilling tool as a result of its intensive cooling and lubrication, especially if the liquid is a clay solution with antifriction additives. Here, a contradiction arises between the rotational motion of the drill string and the fixed position of the liquid supply device. It is solvable if you use a swivel for a small rig.

Fig.1. Drilling swivels for MGBU, on the right - homemade, on the left - in industrial design

As can be seen from Fig. 1 (left), this product consists of several simple details:

upper and lower flanges;
internal partitions with grooves under the sealing rings in the number of 2 pieces;
the body made of scraps of a thick-walled pipe;
metal rods;

from standard parts the following are applied:

ball bearings;
o-ring sealing rings.

Obviously, such a knot can be made by hand with access to turning operations, you only need to draw a sketch or a sketch of each part.

Various design solutions are possible with the use of gland seals, other types of bearings and the like, which provide the main purpose of the unit - interruption of the rotary movement of the drill string and the supply of water, air or clay solution inside it.

Purpose of swivel and basic structural elements

This knot is an intermediate link between the translational movement of the hoist, the hose for supplying liquid or gas, and performing the rotary motion of the drill string. The supply hose with the second end is connected to a pump or a column for supplying the working composition.

The housing of the industrial swivel is cast cast of cast iron or steel, depending on the calculated dynamic and static loads per unit. It provides filling and drain holes, as well as a viewing window for monitoring the oil level in it - at high loads, a large amount of heat is released in the mechanism. An essential element is a breather to relieve pressure when the swivel is heated up during operation. The bearing is selected based on the working conditions in the thrust version, since the loads from the drilling column are very significant, they increase as the height is increased.

A general idea of the designs and modifications of swivels for drilling wells into the water is presented in Fig. 2. Of course, they are unsuitable for execution by their own hands, but the drawing gives an idea of the principles used to design products of this purpose.

Schematic drawing in Fig. 3 for simplicity of execution makes it possible to make a knot by hand, it may be necessary to coordinate the dimensions in accordance with the dimensions of the installation and the drilling tool.

Mini - installations for water drilling, made by hand, have a design feature, which consists in transferring all axial loads through the swivel. This occurs both during the drilling process and during the lifting of the working tool. In addition, this assembly undergoes an active impact of abrasive materials when pumping a washing solution.

Given the harsh conditions of the unit, the materials for its production by their own hands should be selected with particular care, based on the following considerations:

production in the home workshop is impossible without the use of welding, so you need to select metal grades of steel with high or normal weldability, which involves the use of low-carbon materials;
the swivel of the mini drilling rig works in direct contact with the composition with strong abrasive properties, which implies a rapid wear of the contact surfaces, which determines the use of the material with the ability to withstand wear;
in the process of drilling, this node experiences significant mechanical loads, since it is the transmission link for them, therefore, they need materials that can carry them.

Based on the set of requirements, we can propose to use steel grades 13GS, 17GS or 17G1S-U. With this carbon content, these materials are well welded. The presence of manganese (D) in the composition of the metal determines its property, such as increased wear resistance and the ability to self-harden under the influence of abrasive media. And in combination with the dopant in the form of silicon (C), it determines the sufficient strength characteristics of the material. These grades of steel have been developed as a structural material for a wide range of purposes and it should not be difficult to find it for the manufacture of parts.

The detail drawing must contain all the information about the required tolerances and treatments that will ensure a long working capacity of the unit, taking into account the performance characteristics of the purchased products, including seals and bearings. The best way avoid errors - align the drawing with an experienced designer.

Conclusion

The self-made drilling machine, and even more so with the possibility of high-quality washing of the barrel, can not only facilitate the resolution of issues on your site. This is a direct way to organize your own business on the basis of investments made in equipment.

Relying on the information obtained from this article, showing accuracy and ingenuity, it is likely that a mini - drilling rig, including a swivel, will work for a long time and reliably. I wish you success!

Almost every owner a country house sooner or later there will be a question about water supply. And the self-made drilling rig is now quite real and even profitable alternative option services of professionals.

At the moment, the cost of drilling work (varies depending on the complexity of the ground) can be up to $ 200 per meter, and if you need a well over 20 meters and you are not new to plumbing, you can take a chance. Here you need to consider that a more or less serious device will cost you approximately 1000 $ -3000 $ and about two months of work.

Estimated cost of self-made drilling rig from 1000 $

Of course, having a mini-drill harnessed by one's own hands, you can also earn extra money by providing services to neighbors in the area who do not have such a device and who want to save money. Also, the installation can be useful for drilling under a piling foundation.

Let's talk about technology

There are several basic types of drilling that are applicable in our case. These are rope-percussive drilling and rotary drilling. Small rotary drilling rigs with rinsing are initially more complex and normally only very soft soil is drilled, tested by practice.

If you want more, then try to observe the following conditions:

weight in working condition not less than 1500 kg
implementation in hydraulics
telescopic mast about 5 meters

Of the minuses: complexity in implementation, cost, less mobility. From the pros: the ability to work at an angle.

With shock drilling, everything is much simpler. The technology itself appeared 3,000 years ago in China and its meaning is as follows. A heavy, pointed bit that destroys the rock is thrown into the hole. The chisel is fixed on a cable, for lifting which, as you already guessed, it is possible to use any engine of sufficient power.

Example of the implementation of a cable type impact type

In this case, the self-made drilling rig turns out to be rather compact, reliable and has a great safety margin, for all its simplicity. The work can be done independently, but we recommend that we invite a partner. Sometimes, when extracting soil from the drill, it will be better to work together. The depth, as practice showed, can be large enough for drilling on water, on simple soils more than 100 meters. The technology is very simple and does not require any additional costs for pumps, drilling mud, etc.

Threw the drill - knocked out the soil. In one stroke it can be typed up to a meter of soil, but usually it is 20-40 cm. By the time, work on a 40 meter well takes about 7 days.

Homemade small-sized drilling rig consists of elements, some of which can be created with your own hands. To do this, enough Bulgarians, a welding machine, a drill and a set of tools. But the most important elements, such as swivel and locks of the drill rod, are made on high-precision machines, so they will still have to be bought.

A bit of theory

The drills are divided into:

spoon borers
serpentine borers
drill bits (our case)

Spoon drill

Applied, mainly, for terrain with plastic rocks (soil in the form of a mixture of sand and clay, or simply clay). Here you can use two options. The first option is when the bottom of the spoon looks like a bucket-shaped chisel. At the same time, on the left side it is in the form of a tool, and on the right side - as a transverse ledge. The second option is to make a spoon from the pipe, picking up a pipe with the most suitable diameter for this.

Serpentine drill

The bur is externally similar to drilling on wood. Apply it for drilling dense loam. The action of the serpentine drill is similar to the action of a corkscrew. Rotating, he screwed into the breed. The cutting blade of the coil looks like the tail of a swallow. It must necessarily be hardened. It will not be easy to make such a drill itself, so you can just adapt, replacing it with an ice drill or segments of screw augers.

Drill bits

They are used for drilling hard rocks and rock deposits. For the penetration of various rocks, the angle of sharpening used here is important. For hard rocks, it ranges from 110 to 130 degrees, for softer rocks - from 30 to 70. Also, the bits differ in shape, again depending on the breed. We recommend them when creating a self-made drilling rig for water.

The drill itself consists of a swivel, a drill rod and a bladed drill. Through the swivel, the drilling fluid is supplied to the hose located inside the rod. This part can not be manufactured independently, as this requires precise equipment. If there is no complete tightness, leakage of the solution may occur.

A bar is a device for transferring rotation from hand to bore, or from an engine to a drill. Also, as already mentioned above, a mud hose passes through it. These elements of the drill have a length from a meter to 1.8 meters. But the length can be increased. This is done with locks with a rectangular thread.

A bladed drill usually has two blades and is used directly for drilling. It will also be interesting to know that there are still bailers. They are needed to drill wells with a shock-rope method on loose, loose, aquifers of the soil. Troughs also serve to clean the wells after the chisel has worked or from the accumulated silt that interferes with the inflow of water. On the wire, the bailer is dropped into the face, and the ground is opened into the cavity by opening the valve. When lifted, the valve closes and holds the ground inside the bailer.

As for the tower. Its height is up to five meters. The design is in the form of a tripod, from above there is a rope block. In impact drilling, a balancer is used here. In this case, the tool with bars from a meter or a half meter height is thrown into the face. The balance is a strong board or a wooden bar.

This concludes our introductory article. As you can see, drilling with your own hands is not such an unsolvable issue. In the following material, we move on to the practical part with recommendations, drawings and an approximate estimate.

Several photos and videos of self-made drilling rigs in operation.

The process of working with the bailer

Without own source drinking water on private land is indispensable. Most often, the problem is solved by drilling a well, and the cost of drilling services will be the most costly item. Trying to reduce costs, many craftsmen tried to master the technology of drilling work independently and many of them managed to provide the site with water. First you need a drilling rig with your own hands. It is not too easy to make, but possible.

What kind of rigs are there?

The construction of the device depends on the method that is chosen for drilling the well. When impact-cable drilling, the ground is destroyed with the help of a load that is simply thrown down. The loose soil is removed and then the cycle is repeated until the depth of the well reaches the required dimensions.

Removing the ground with a rotating drill is both easier and more difficult. Simpler, because less physical effort is required, but more difficult, since such installations have a more complex construction, their sizes are larger, and the costs of their creation are higher. Part of the elements for a reliable drilling rig can not be created independently. Something has to be bought in a specialized firm, something can be ordered from an experienced turner. But as a result, a completely professional unit will turn out, which can be used on the side, having started quite a successful business as a hired driller.

Note! Self-made drilling rigs can be used not only for, but also for the installation of a pile foundation.

Specialists distinguish four types of small-sized drilling rigs (MGBU):

Installation for UKB - shock-cable drilling. It is a frame with a triangular base. The working elements are a cable and a bit attached to it or a bailer.
Auger drilling rigs, in which the soil is removed with a screw, while washing the well with water is not used.
Rotary drilling rigs operating on the principle of hydro drilling.
Manual rotary installations - the simplest variant, in which instead of the electromotor manual labor is used. Because of the high costs of manual labor, this type of MGBU is used quite rarely.

For self-made even the most simple device of this type will need a welding machine, a drill and a Bulgarian, and also skills in working with all these tools.

Manual screw drilling rig is the simplest tool for drilling wells using manual labor. You can use an electric motor to remove the drill to the surface

The simplest MGBU for impact-cable drilling

To create such a drilling rig you need to do:

demountable bed;
impact cartridge ("glass");
bailer.

To facilitate drilling operations, the installation is connected to the motor by a reducer, on the drum of which a cable is wound with a fixed cartridge or bailer. To work effectively, you need a cartridge weighing about 80 kg. With the help of a bailer the face is cleaned of the destroyed ground. It is also effective on the clayey soils.

The main working element of a drilling rig of this type is a cartridge or a "glass". To produce it, you need a piece of thick-walled pipe with a diameter of about 80-120 mm, the heavier the material, the better. At the bottom usually cut out triangular "teeth", which loosen the soil, but you can leave this part of the cartridge and even. In addition, the lower edge of the "glass" is usually honed. From the top make a few holes to securely fix the rope. The length of the cartridge can vary within 1-2 meters.

It is not difficult to make a drilling rig for shock-cable drilling, you need a heavy bailer (drill tool), a strong rope, a frame and a winch with a motor to facilitate the work

In the case of rock drill, a bailer is used to excavate the soil. In the photo, a self-made version of the tool for impact-cable drilling, which allows loosening and extracting the soil

The simplest design of auger MGBU

The working element of such an installation is a drill. To make it, you need a steel pipe with a cross section of 100 mm. The upper end of the pipe is supplied with an external screw thread. At the opposite end, make a screw screw with a diameter of about 200 mm. It will be enough to have one or two turns of auger. To the ends of the auger, two steel knives should be welded in such a way that in an upright position they are at an angle to the horizontal surface of the ground.

To rotate the drill was more convenient, you need to take another piece of pipe length of about 1.5 meters and weld it to a tee that has an internal screw thread. The tee is screwed onto the part of the collapsible rod. The length of the length of such a rod is also 1.5 meters.

Scheme of the drilling rig: 1 - drill; 2 - the wrench; 3 - tee; 4 - collapsible rod; 5 - coupling; b - tripod; 7 - hole; 8 - the winch; 9 - cogwheel

The borer is deepened into the ground, crimped three times, then removed to remove the loosened soil. The process is repeated until the depression reaches about one meter. Then the bar must be lengthened, for which, by means of a coupling, another segment of the steel pipe is attached to it.

To install a well depth of more than eight meters, you need to fix the structure on a special tower-tripod. At the top of this design, you need to make a hole in which the bar will move freely. As the weight of the rod as it increases is also impressive, the winch should be used to lift the structure. The tower can be made of both metal and wood.

Visually, the work of such a rig is presented in the following video:

How to make a reliable design?

To ensure that the drilling rig for the wells is reliable and allows drilling operations at a professional level, it is necessary to purchase a number of elements manufactured in the factory using high-precision equipment. You will need to purchase:

swivel;
a drill rod;
blade blade;
motor-reducer;
motor pump with a sleeve;
mud supply hose.

The frame for mounting this equipment can be made independently of strong steel.

The diagram clearly shows the device of a factory small-sized drilling rig with a swivel, a drill rod, a drill, an electric motor, a winch, a pump, etc.

The swivel is necessary for transferring the driving torque from the geared motor to the drill, and also for feeding the washing solution. In the body of the swivel is a movable part, on which the drill rods are fixed. A special liquid is supplied through a special seal. Although the design of this element does not differ in complexity, the lifetime of the entire drilling rig depends on the quality of its performance. Due to the high loads required to make the swivel, high-strength steel should be used, while observing the minimum gap between the moving parts of the device. A poor-quality swivel will fail after manufacturing several wells.

The drill rod is selected depending on the type of drilling (impact, rotational, with washing, etc.). The bar can have a round or hexagonal cross-section. It transmits the driving moment directly to the drill. During operation, the bar is lowered and it needs to be increased. For the connection, special locks with a special conical or trapezoidal (rectangular) thread are used, providing the most reliable connection. On the inner cross-section of the rod, a fluid is injected into the borehole, which softens the soil and allows drilling more quickly and successfully.

The drill is a working element intended for grinding the soil. For professional use, special tri-dangerous bores are used which rotate in a cyclic manner. The diameter of the drill can vary between 80 and 350 mm. This element is made of high-quality steel, into which high-strength plates, for example, VK-8, are fused. On hard soils, drilling in several passes is recommended. First, the so-called exploratory drilling is performed with an 80-millimeter drill, then the borehole is drilled with a larger diameter bore until the hole reaches the required dimensions.

Most of the problems with water supply of the private sector are solved by autonomous water supply. You can achieve this kind of communication yourself, without making a big waste of the budget. To get affordable at a cost, you need a drilling rig with your own hands. We suggest that you study the instructions for constructing the structure.

At first glance, the assembly of the installation is simple, but you need to determine the possible options for the equipment. First you need to explore the possibilities of each type of design, it is advisable to use video tips on the network. To date, it is possible to produce the following drilling machines:

On the advantages and disadvantages of each of the equipment options you can learn from the video on the Internet.

A compact design for drilling self-contained wells with their own hands requires thorough preparation. Initially, you need to learn a theoretical video, and then start to practice. Before creating the device, you must take care of the availability of equipment. Irreplaceable will serve as a Bulgarian, drill and drill, welding machine and a set of screwdrivers. Acquire strong metal, pipes and fittings. Most likely you will need one thing. The same material is useful for the construction of a cable-impact device.

After the manual drilling rig is assembled, connect the water head.

Note! There should not be any interruptions in the water supply during the creation of the well, as this can disrupt the workflow and make the creation autonomous source very difficult. It is ideal to perform such a drill, in the mechanism of which there will be a swivel (for its creation there must be a drawing).

We bring to your attention a video about the assembly of a drilling device on water.

Features of drilling with a cable-impact installation

With the help of a cable-impact type of equipment, the creation of an autonomous water supply can be performed for both technical and household purposes. The main thing is that the right drawing is selected. In our time, this method is also used in conditions where the use of professional drilling is impossible. Therefore, the optimal solution was to use a swivel, which performs well even in difficult ground conditions. Using this technology, it is possible to make wells to the water with a depth of 70 to 250 meters. Look at the network features of work by a similar mechanism in the video.

A small cable rope-type installation for the construction of wells necessarily contains a swivel, it can be built using a drawing. The positive qualities of well construction in this way are:

durability of the source of water supply;
there is an opportunity to perform a well of any diameter, due to the fact that there is a swivel;
guaranteed tightness of any structural connections;

Among the shortcomings are:

long-term installation;
on loose soils there is no possibility to create a deep well.

The implementation of such equipment is quite labor-intensive, but the sequence of work will help to achieve the construction of the right type.

The principle of the rope-drilling rig

Immediately mention the important qualities that must be met during the implementation of the project, using the draft of the cable-rig, not forgetting the dimensions that the swivel should have.

The principle of the percussion instrument consists in placing a pointed heavy bit that actively destroys the ground rock. The impact mechanism is fixed by a strong cable, which will be lifted by a motor with sufficient power consumption. Also on the Internet, you can find a video on how to perform wells with a homemade drill.

The installation for drilling cable-impact type wells is quite complicated equipment, but some of its elements are performed independently.

Attention! To make a swivel and locks for the drill rod, it is necessary to turn to highly skilled specialists who manufacture parts on machine tools.

Doing an amateur drilling rig for home use, try not to neglect the manufacturing technology, as the device due to negligence can soon fail.

Life-giving water is, perhaps, one of the most important resources of life on the planet. Therefore, owners of private sectors, where there is no centralized ...

Drilling a well in some cases is considered the only way to organize water supply to a private site. At the same time, the call of professional drillers, though depriving the owners of a big headache, is still not cheap. Therefore, for many, an attractive option isdrilling rig for wells, created by own hands. There are several options for small-sized drilling rigs (MGBU), which each site owner can do on their own. Below we will talk about the technology of manufacturing the most popular designs, combining the simplicity and efficiency of operation.

Small-sized drilling equipment is usually used for drilling wells with depths less than 100 m. As a rule, it is used in situations where operation of large-sized machinery is difficult or can cause serious damage to the landscape.

Drilling a well is the best way to provide water to your site

The advantages of MGBU include:

small size and weight;
simple construction;
convenience of installation and transportation;
the possibility of using in a confined space;
good maintainability.

Small installations are very popular with private homeowners

According to the way of destruction of soildrilling rigs for water wellsare shock and rotational. In impact drilling, the rock is destroyed by the impact of a heavy load suspended on the rope. Working tool rushes down, grabbing a part of the ground, and then rises to the surface. The cycle repeats until it is possible to reach the desired aquifer.

For your information. Homemade MGBU is used not only to equip an autonomous water supply. Such equipment is often used in the construction sector, for example when installing a pile foundation.

The use of a rotating drill requires less physical effort than a shock method, since in this case the ground is cut with a sharp tip. However, such equipment has a more complex design. In addition, some parts can not be made independently, so they must be purchased separately, which carries additional financial costs in the manufacture of sucha well rig for own wells.

MGBU for the rock-roll method

The technology of percussion drilling appeared in China more than 3000 years ago and continues to be used successfully today. The drilling rig of this type is compact enough and has increased strength due to its simple construction.

Installation design

Typical MGBU for impact drilling consists of the following parts:

the base is triangular in shape;
working tool (chuck or bailer);
lifting device.

Impact Drilling Rig for Wells

The working tool of this design is a cartridge, which must have a large weight (about 100 kg). It is made of a pipe with a diameter of 10-20 cm. The length of the cartridge is 1-2 m.

Council. In order for the soil to collapse more intensively, the end of the bailer should be sharpened or a few sharp "fangs" should be made in the lower part.

The support frame is constructed based on the dimensions of the working tool, and for the convenience of lifting a winch is used which can be connected to the electric motor and thereby greatly simplify the drilling process.

Scheme of a cartridge (bailer) with a ball valve

Manufacturing technology

Shock drill rig for water wellsis done using the following technology:

A square of high-quality metal is used to make the frame. First, a triangular or rectangular base is created, and then the edges of the structure are established.
To fix the cable in the upper part of the bailer, several holes are drilled or the lever is welded.
The length of the cable is selected taking into account the maximum depth of the planned well.
The chuck is suspended from the top of the support frame, and the second end of the cable is wound on the winch or the drum of the electric motor reducer.

Use this device is simple enough. In the place where it is planned to drill, a small depression is made with a diameter slightly larger than the size of the cartridge. Then the working tool alternately descends and rises, removing the ground, until the required depth of the well is reached.

MGBU for rotary drilling

Drilling rig for wells, which uses the rotational motion of the working tool (bladed drill), allows to carry out work at a high professional level. However, for its manufacture, it is necessary to purchase a number of components that are difficult to make at home.

Components and components

The design of MGBU rotational type is made of such components:

lower and upper frames;
swivel;
drill rods with locks;
blade blade;
electric motor with reducer;
motor pump;
hose.

Drilling rig with paddle drill

Swivel is one of the most important elements of thisdrilling equipment for wells. It is designed to transfer the torque from the engine to the drill and supply the flushing fluid to the shaft.

Important. It is not recommended to make a swivel by yourself. If the permissible clearances between the glass and the shaft are not respected, there is a high probability of leakage and, as a result, leakage of the solution. Therefore, for a self-made installation it is better to purchase a finished product.

To make a lobed drill fordrill installation with their own handsnot very difficult. Such an adaptation is made of high-quality metal, into which high-strength plates (blades) are melted. The diameter of the tool can vary within 10-35 cm.

Drill rods are designed to increase the depth of drilling. Usually their length is 1-2 m. These elements are fastened together by means of special locks. Drill rods with locks, like a swivel, are best purchased separately, since for a well of medium depth they will need a large amount.

Build order

Since the delivery of purchased componentsdrilling rigs(swivel, geared motor, rod with locks, solution hose, winches with a cable) can take a certain time, their order should be done in advance.
The lower and upper frames are made of a square, and the vertical posts are made of a 40 mm pipe with a wall thickness of 4 mm.
After manufacturing the support frame, it is necessary to make a carriage (slider) for moving the working tool in a vertical plane, on which the geared motor, the swivel, the drill rods and the drill will be fastened.
To hold and move the carriage, a winch with a cable is used, which is fixed to the frame.
After installing the main components, a hose from the motor pump is connected to the swivel, and the electric motor is connected to the 220 V or 380 V network via the starting device (depending on the electrical parameters of the engine).

Rotary drilling with washing

Common mistakes in self-drilling

Manufacturing a drill rig for wells with their own handsstill does not guarantee a positive result during the operation of the equipment. In the absence of the necessary experience, there is a high probability of making a critical error, which can lead to a loss of the instrument or even an entire installation.

Since errors in drilling are quite expensive, you can not force the process and immediately move on to creating deep well. To begin with, it's better to practice at shallow depths to gain experience and learn how to prevent a wedge.

Important. Beginners very often "catch a wedge", losing at the same time drill and drill rods. In some cases, the drill can jam so much that it can not be pulled out even with a crane.

With a "complex" stony ground, it is better to use several passes. To do this, firstly, exploratory drilling is carried out with a tool of minimum diameter. Then, the hole in the ground is traversed by larger drills, until the well reaches the required parameters.

Do it yourself with a drilling rig for wellsit is not as difficult as producing a direct drilling process. That the means and efforts were not spent in vain, this work is better to entrust to professionals.