The relevance of Gogol's comedy “The Inspector General”. Essay on the topic: The relevance of the comedy The Inspector General, Gogol Is Gogol’s comedy The Inspector General modern?

N.V. Gogol “The Inspector General”.) The mastery of a satirical depiction of reality in one of the works of Russian literature of the 19th century. In October 1835, N.V. Gogol began creating his, perhaps, best comedy - the comedy “The Inspector General”. A little earlier, in a letter to A.S. Pushkin, Gogol asked to suggest some new plot, “a purely Russian joke,” promising that he would make it into a comedy that would be “funnier than the devil.” Pushkin shared one of his stories with Gogol, an anecdote about a passing ordinary official who was mistaken in the province for an important person.

Need a cheat sheet? . Literary essays!

Jan 19 2014

“Gather everything that is bad in a heap...” (The satirical sound of N.V. Gogol’s “The Inspector General.”) The mastery of a satirical depiction of reality in one of the works of Russian literature of the 19th century. In October 1835, N.V. Gogol began creating his, perhaps, best comedy - the comedy “The Inspector General”. A little earlier, in a letter to A.S. Pushkin, Gogol asked to suggest some new plot, “a purely Russian joke,” promising that he would make it into a comedy that would be “funnier than the devil.” Pushkin shared one of his stories with Gogol, an anecdote about a passing ordinary official who was mistaken in the province for an important person.

In December 1835 it was completed and the following year it was staged on the stage of the Alexandrinsky Theater in St. Petersburg. She enjoyed extraordinary success; Nicholas I himself looked at it with great pleasure and noticed that “everyone got it,” and most of all he did. What made the audience laugh? First of all - the characters of the comedy. Gogol showed incredibly funny and at the same time extremely reliable, recognizable types of people. What appears before us is not just individual officials of a certain provincial town, but entire collective images.

Each of them is funny and typical in its own way. Thus, mayor Anton Antonovich Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky is “already old in the service and very intelligent in his own way,” who has gone up the entire career ladder and knows all the rules, knows how to take bribes and deftly give them. Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin read “five or six books” and is therefore considered almost a freethinker and Jacobin. The trustee of charitable institutions, Zemlyanika, despite his thickness and external clumsiness, is a great “slick and rogue”; he is very helpful and fussy, loves to inform on his colleagues.

Postmaster Shpekin is a “simple-minded person to the point of naivety,” who loves to read other people’s letters and even keeps the ones he likes as souvenirs and reads them aloud to his friends. The main character of the comedy, Khlestakov, is a young man of about twenty-three, somewhat stupid and “without a king in his head.” As we can see, all the characters in the comedy, without exception, are characterized by the author very sarcastically.

Gogol widely uses the technique of “speaking” names. Just look at the names of local police officers: Ukhovertov, Derzhimorda, Svistunov. And Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin; and Dr. Gibner, clearly his last name is derived from the verb “to perish.”

The plot of the comedy is also extremely funny. Officials, frightened by the news of the arrival of a secret auditor, mistake the petty official Khlestakov for an important shot. They curry favor with him, please him in every possible way, give him money. And this despite the fact that Khlestakov himself, almost until the end of the action, does not understand why he was given such honors. Neither in his appearance nor in his behavior does he at all resemble a real auditor.

Khlestakov, it seems, is behaving very stupidly, constantly blurting things out, betraying his true position: he is on friendly terms with the head of the department “himself”, they even wanted to make him a collegiate assessor; he lives on the fourth floor in an apartment building, where only petty officials lived. After dinner, intoxicated with wine and universal respect, Khlestakov begins to brag without restraint: he is close All rights reserved and protected by law © 2001-2005 olsoch. ru is familiar with Pushkin himself; writes himself; famous works belong to his pen; The State Council is afraid of him and will soon be promoted to field marshal...

Any person could immediately “see through” Khlestakov; but the officials are so frightened that they take his outright lies at face value and do not suspect anything until the very end - until reading Khlestakov’s letter. Why is this happening? Because each of the officials feels certain “sins” behind him. The characters in the comedy represent “a corporation of various official thieves and robbers,” as V. G. Belinsky wrote in one of his letters to Gogol.

The mayor, for example, shamelessly steals government money and robs the population. He imposed a kind of tribute on local merchants; receives offerings from them and only makes sure that everyone receives in accordance with their rank. "Look! You’re not taking it according to rank!” - he scolds the policeman, who, instead of the two arshins of cloth required “according to rank,” took much more from the merchant.

Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin openly admits that he takes bribes, but with greyhound puppies, and it doesn’t seem to count as bribes. And the Governor himself, when meeting with the “auditor” Khlestakov, first of all strives to give him a bribe and rejoices when he takes the money. We can say that this has already become the norm in the city.

But it is not by chance that Gogol chooses this unremarkable county town for the action of his comedy; Thus, he seemed to emphasize that such morals are widespread throughout the state and in this city, like a drop of water, all of Russia is reflected. There were such mayors, judges, trustees, and postmasters in every small and great city of the Russian Empire; and therefore Gogol’s laughter is a bitter laughter: he was hurt and ashamed to see all this. In “The Inspector General” Gogol appears as an innovative playwright. He was the first to show Russian reality on stage so authentically.

This is a realistic comedy, although it contains elements of a typical “comedy of manners” and “comedy of situations”. But for the writer it was important not to make the viewer laugh, but to ridicule certain vices of society. It is no coincidence that he took the proverb “There is no point in blaming the mirror if your face is crooked” as an epigraph to the play.

And the dramatic conflict in comedy is not love, as was usual, but social. Gogol breaks the traditions of “classical” comedy and creates a new, realistic Russian comedy, which was developed by Ostrovsky and Chekhov.

Need a cheat sheet? Then save - “Gather everything that is bad in a heap...” (Satirical sound of N.V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General.”). Literary essays!

>Essays on the work The Inspector General

Relevance of comedy

To call the comedy “The Inspector General,” a classic play by N.V. Gogol, simply relevant is perhaps not enough - it is eternal “manuscripts do not burn.” And it’s not just about corrupt officials and corruption, but about human vices themselves, because it’s them that Nikolai Vasilyevich ridicules in his immortal work.

There is not a single positive hero in the play; each character is an accumulation of negative qualities. All officials are concerned about power and enriching their own pockets; they do not care about the fate of the town. Even in the face of fear of an audit, the mayor only pretends to be vigorously active. Isn't this a familiar situation? When in the city, before the arrival of the authorities, they begin to create the appearance of improvement of the city.

One of the most terrible representatives of the bureaucracy is Artemy Filippovich Strawberry. In hospitals, with his light hand, patients “all recover like flies,” and in the case of treatment, they count on fate, in the key: if it’s destined, the patient will get better, and no medications are needed. By the way, today’s medicine works in the same way and likeness - medications are prescribed based on contracts, and treatment, in most cases, is based on the Russian “maybe”. In addition, the trustee of charitable institutions is a very vile person and is ready to walk over corpses for his goal. He easily denounces his fellow officials to the false auditor.

And how often do we have to deal with people, like Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin, who are out of place, neglect their duties, and in general, are essentially empty people.

In general, the representatives of power all demonstrate immorality, ignorance, greed, deceit, arbitrariness and a sense of profit. But there is a person from a different circle in the work - Khlestakov. This is a stupid, cowardly man “without a king in his head” who “speaks and acts without any consideration.” The whole peculiarity of his image is that he is so confident in his boasting and lies that he not only makes others believe in a fictitious phantasmagoria, but he himself begins to believe in his own deception. Alas, today social networks are filled with such Khlestakovs, those who like to show off, we can say that “Khlestakovism” is an epidemic of our time.

As is known, Gogol created the comedy “The Inspector General” using the idea given by Pushkin. The prototype of the impostor auditor was a real historical figure - a certain Pavel Svinin. The complex and interesting task of bringing together and ridiculing the Russian mechanism of provincial power was pursued by the comedy that Gogol wrote, “The Inspector General.”

The heroes of the work are typical contemporaries of the author of “Dikanka”: the mayor Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky, who takes large bribes and knows everything about everyone; judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin, “administering justice” based on personal gain and “twirling the law like a drawbar”; the chronically cowardly school superintendent Khlopov, “rotten with onions,” afraid of both his superiors and his subordinates; the unscrupulous trustee of charitable institutions, Zemlyanika (whose people in hospitals died like flies); the unscrupulous postmaster Shpekin, opening envelopes and reading letters “out of curiosity.” The whole essence of the activities of power: externally - fussy chores, deeper - bribery, theft was shown by N.V. Gogol. "The Inspector" also exhaustively clearly defines what motivates these people to work together. Everything is extremely simple - the mayor’s mechanism of fear of losing his “place” has been launched. After all, everything is known about everyone. Everyone “sits on his own pole.” It is amazing that Anton Antonovich himself (the mayor), breaking the law more than others, sincerely considers himself a bearer of morality and a believer.

A petty, insignificant official, Khlestakov, despised even by his servant Osip, by chance, while passing through, stopped at a hotel in a provincial town. He goes to Saratov to see his father. His career successes are not brilliant. The father is obviously going to give his son a “suggestion” and a “reboot” of his career. But the twenty-three-year-old blockhead is losing his pocket money, left "on the beans." At this time, the notorious gossips and chatterboxes, the landowners Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, spurred by a selfish desire to be the first to “figure out” the auditor who came to the city, decide, due to their feeble mind, that Khlestakov is the auditor.

Gogol shows how they manage to convince even the mayor of this. Then the circus begins. Khlestakov, realizing who he is being mistaken for, decides to commit a desperate deception, introducing himself as an auditor from the capital. The young man is not burdened with intelligence, conscience, or decency. He lies with inspiration and selflessness about his high connections and patrons. He asks high officials, starting with the mayor, to borrow money. They willingly give them, without even expecting their return, considering the amount transferred to Khlestakov as a banal yet another bribe. When the young scoundrel, wooing the mayor's daughter, simultaneously “knocks wedges” with his wife, the climax of the comedy “The Inspector General” is reached. Gogol, however, does not bring the matter to the wedding. The deceiver, having listened to the wise servant Osip, runs away from imminent exposure, taking the money.

At the end of the play, Skvoznik-Dmukhanovsky’s character “speaks the bitter truth” through the mouth of the author, saying the key phrase that the anecdotal situation described in the comedy is Russians laughing at themselves. The work ends with the famous scene of the “stupefaction” of the provincial elite at the news received about the arrival of a real auditor in the city.

Is The Inspector General modern? Gogol, by the way, has long been familiar to Israeli theater audiences. The real success of staging a comedy came after localizing the plot and completely transferring it to the soil of a given country. Israeli directing proceeds from the fact that the classical playwright Gogol provided the main thing - the instrument for staging a play, but modern mayors, judges, and trustees of institutions are much more sophisticated than those originally shown by the writer. Therefore, the production was made in modern colloquial language, using slang. The success exceeded all expectations. The internal potential inherent in Gogol's idea later allowed the author of the Israeli play to write the script for an entire series, which also turned out to be in demand.

About the Inspector” Nikolai Vasilyevich himself said this: “In “The Inspector” I decided to collect in one pile everything bad in Russia that I knew then, all the injustices that are done in those places and in those cases where justice is most required from a person , and at one time laugh at everything.” The writer’s statement contains several key words and phrases: everything is bad, injustice where it is MOST NEEDED, laugh at everything.

Where do we need justice most? Of course, where there is a problem of power. We have already talked about her in the analysis of “The Captain’s Daughter,” but Gogol wants to show something a little different. What - read on.

Plot, conflict and problems of comedy

The comedy takes place in a small provincial town. “God is high, the king is far away” is the principle of life in this city, especially for those in power. The mayor and his officials govern the city in accordance with their ideas about governance.

And suddenly, like a bolt from the blue, the news: “The auditor is coming to us.” The end of a quiet life and quiet joys in the form of distribution of public funds into their own pockets. Out of fear, they mistake for the auditor Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov, a petty official who lost at cards and was forced to stay in the town.

They try to bribe Khlestakov, then they warmly receive him, give him water, feed him, Khlestakov courtes both ladies at once in the Governor’s house, proposes to his daughter, and then leaves. The postmaster, curious to the point of indecency, opens Khlestakov’s letter, from where everyone finds out what this man really is, they are indignant, and then the news comes that the real auditor has arrived and is waiting for everyone at the hotel.

Silent scene.

Conflict. In drama as a form of literature, conflict plays a fundamental role. In The Inspector General there seems to be no conflict: both Khlestakov and the officials want the same thing. Therefore, the conflict is imaginary, based on the fear of officials and Khlestakov’s desire to get out of the situation (this is not very correct, but I will explain this later).

Problems of comedy.

Amazing writer Gogol! He is never limited to purely social problems, which is essentially the problem of power, or the problem of serfdom (which, it would seem, should have been in “Dead Souls”). He always looks BEHIND society, BEHIND the obvious. Just as in “Dead Souls” the problem of the moral and spiritual in man, so in “The Inspector General” the problem comes to the fore socio-psychological and moral problems. Socio-psychological ones are connected with the image of officials and Khlestakov, moral and psychological ones are connected with “Khlestakovism”, which will be discussed below. And everyone in comedy represents not only "product" of power, but also certain socio-psychological type.

Gorodnichy and Co.

In “Instructions for Gentlemen Actors,” Gogol clearly described the essence of this honest company, and each individual. We'll go after the author.

Mayor. The smartest of them all. He believes that power is given to fulfill his desires and maintain his condition. With his knowledge, embezzlement, veneration for rank, indifference, and injustice are flourishing in the city. All his efforts before the arrival of the auditor are reduced to masking the existing situation in the city.

At first she feels fear of Khlestakov, then quickly realizes that she shouldn’t be afraid of him, because he is the same as him. The mayor manages to arrange the marriage of his daughter with Khlestakov, he begins to dream of a career in St. Petersburg, of a future generalship...

Judge Lyapkin-Tyapkin. Gogol notes that he has read 5-6 books, therefore he considers himself an intelligent person (get it: 5-6 books - and an intelligent person!). In his court, “geese and caterpillars” are walking around, and a strong spirit of fumes emanates from the assessors. He takes bribes with greyhound puppies and doesn’t see anything special about it. The type is an aggressive fool.

Superintendent of schools Khlopov. This gentleman understands education like a pig understands oranges. cannot take any measures to improve the situation, and hires teachers “in more numbers, at a cheaper price.” The type is a coward.

Trustee of charitable institutions Strawberry. Charitable institutions - hospitals and shelters. It always smells of sauerkraut (the cheapest food), there is no medicine, since Strawberry believes that if it is fated, the patient will die, and if not, then he will recover. Type - informer, swindler, cynic.

Postmaster Shpekin. He loves to open and read other people's letters. For what? Just because. And this is enough to make his portrait.

These are the people in power. Their main goal is to preserve everything that exists unchanged.

Idea: Gogol's power is vicious by definition. People who reach it not only take advantage of the created situation, but also change themselves, acquiring a whole bunch of human vices. And it’s not power that works for people, but people exist for power (a whole series of minor characters, like Poshlepkina or the non-commissioned officer’s widow who flogged herself).

Attention, Unified State Examination! Material about officials can be used in essays about power (any power, even psychological) over a person. Power corrupts people; along with a sense of superiority over others, a feeling of permissiveness and impunity appears.

Khlestakov and Khlestakovism

Ivan Aleksandrovich Khlestakov is a petty official, a man of the most empty kind. His servant Osip gives him a comprehensive description: he is a spender, a fool, a dummy. He squanders the money his father sends him, losing it at cards.

And such a friend finds himself without money in a foreign city, but really wants to be fed, watered and not driven out of the hotel. When officials, frightened to death by the auditor, come running to the hotel, Khlestakov is also frightened, but soon finds out that they are giving him money for nothing, first promises to return it, and then he gets a taste for it. And the thought does not cross the mind of the unfortunate man that all this is not just like that!

In the third act, Khlestakov, having eaten and drunk a fair amount, goes into a rage, and tells successively that he was the head of a department, then a minister, and then a field marshal, and that he had thirty-five thousand couriers, and he wrote all the famous works, and with Pushkin on a friendly footing (“Well, brother Pushkin?”). He’s lying, and he believes it himself! The mayor and officials fall into horror.

But the cunning Mayor, noticing Khlestakov’s interest in his ladies, is not against the auditor’s marriage to his daughter, and with that Khlestakov, with pockets full of money and parental blessing, leaves for home.

Why did Gogol show us this man? For the sake of “Khlestakovism”

What it is? This is a socio-psychological phenomenon common to many people. Remember, who among us has not dreamed of a better life? So Khlestakov also dreams. Only, unlike us, he doesn’t have the right to this life, because he doesn’t represent anything, he doesn’t want to work for it, he wants it as he appears in the scene of lies: I have everything, but I didn’t put any effort into it . This quality of a person to claim more, but not put any effort into it, is called Khlestakovism.

This is the psychological side of this phenomenon. There is also a social one.

The mayor (see above) dreams of becoming a general, a career in St. Petersburg, and so on, thanks to what? Yes, the wedding of a daughter and an auditor, a clever bribe, well-timed flattery. That's all. After all, this is also Khlestakovism! Absolutely all officials suffer from it. And if we consider that in the play we have an average city in central Russia, and the scene of action is everywhere, then the generalization will no longer seem funny, but scary.

So, Gogol not only laughed at everything bad in Russia, but also highlighted one of the most disgusting qualities of man and power, Khlestakovism, which, it turns out, is characteristic of, if not all, then very many representatives of power, and very many people. This is the idea of ​​the play. Yes, this is “everything bad in Russia”!

Attention, Unified State Examination! Arguments from “The Inspector General” can be used in an essay as an illustration of the problems of personality psychology. I mean the following: empty dreams, fantasies, deviations from the truth lead to an inevitable distortion of not only reality, but also a distortion of personality. The second problem is lies in a person’s life. When a person lies, he, firstly, does not imagine the consequences of deception, and secondly, he risks losing, if not everything, then a lot.

The material was prepared by Karelina Larisa Vladislavovna, teacher of the Russian language of the highest category, honorary worker of general education of the Russian Federation

Malinina Yulia

Comedy N.V. Gogol's "The Inspector General" is one of the best plays in the world. Gogol, possessing the gift of generalizing his observations and creating artistic types in which everyone can find the traits of people they know, satirized the negative aspects of Russian reality in the best possible way. The plot of “The Inspector General” is taken from life, the characters, who almost everyone reminds someone of someone, or even allow one to recognize oneself in them, make the comedy modern. The entire play is filled with hints that allow the reader to feel the relevance of the comedy.

The purpose of this work isto reveal the vital basis of comedy, to prove that, after so many years, it has not lost its vitality and is still interesting.

Download:

Preview:

Municipal educational institution

"Secondary school No. 3"

Essay

on literature

Topic: “The relevance of the problems of N.V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” in our time”

Performed:

Malinina Yulia Valerievna

9th grade student

Supervisor:

Yakovleva Irina Aleksandrovna

Signature___________________

Moore

2011

I. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………….. 3

II. Introduction.

2.1. The meaning of the comedy “The Inspector General”………………………………………………………4

2.2. Artistic features of comedy……………………………….. 5

2.3. The authorities’ struggle with the satirical nature of the play…………….. 8

III. The relevance of the problems of the comedy “The Inspector General” in our time.

You can recognize a real sycophant by the way he looks at his boss. And he does it reverently, with trepidation, attention, breathing every once in a while. A sycophant will never miss an opportunity to compliment a manager. He praises absolutely everything: the management method, appearance, talented and beautiful children, the car he bought... At the same time, the sycophant is very attentive and, unlike most employees (who are busy with business or with themselves), notices the slightest changes in the appearance of the boss. Flattery and sycophancy are perhaps the most intractable diseases that create many problems in corporate culture. Because of sycophants, the psychological situation in the team deteriorates, the system in which the most capable and hardworking people grow begins to rapidly collapse, and happy leaders completely lose the ability to self-criticize.

Moreover, some of those bewitched by sycophantic subordinates often do not even suspect that they are simply being manipulated, and meanwhile the flattering characters are successfully moving up the career ladder without unnecessary delays.

3.3. Policeman of Derzhimord.

Policeman Derzhimorda is a rude, despotic person. Without any embarrassment, he enters merchants' shops as if he were his own storeroom. Drunkenness and rudeness flourish in the police. People are starved in prisons.

His name has become a household name for a stupid, executive-zealous and shameless administrator who does not disdain police methods. An exorbitant level of corruption, arbitrariness, unmotivated aggression, disregard for the law, incompetence - all these are characteristic features of the modern law enforcement system of our country.

Crimes committed by police officers have become the norm. Literally every week the media reports about new murders, robberies, beatings involving people in uniform.

It's no secret that Russian citizens are often more afraid of police officers than of bandits. Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs have become a privileged class, essentially living by their own laws. A police officer's ID actually allows one not to comply with the laws, which gives rise to impunity, corruption and arbitrariness.

3.4. Artemy Filippovich Strawberries.

No less colorful is the trustee of charitable institutionsStrawberries. Artemy Filippovich- “weasel and rogue”, embezzler and informer. Artemy Zemlyanika serves in a small county town and leads a life “in accordance with his rank and position”, does not care at all about the state’s interests, while his own well-being is above all, mercy is in the hands of a swindler. Charitable institutions for Strawberries are a feeding trough. In treating patients, his credo is: “The closer to nature, the better.”He quite calmly says that expensive drugs are not used in the hospital: “A simple man: if he dies, he will die anyway; if he recovers, then he will recover.”It's no coincidence thenArtemy Filippovichwill make a reservation that his “sick people recover like flies.” Of course, the reader understands that it would be more appropriate to say “they are dying like flies”; this would be closer to the truth. Having learned about the arrival of the auditor, Strawberry is ready to “take cosmetic measures”: put clean caps on the sick, write the name of the disease on a sign above the beds, and even reduce the number of sick people so that their excess is not attributed to poor care or lack of skill of the doctor.Gogol gives him the following description: “A sly and a rogue. Very helpful and fussy.”

Unfortunately, embezzlement and indifference of Strawberry also occurs in the modern world. No one has yet assessed the state's losses from embezzlement. We can only say that they cannot exceed the size of the state and local budgets combined.

But this is only in terms of volume, and if we count direct damage. The indirect damage from embezzlement is much higher: there are government mechanisms that are malfunctioning, or even not working at all, and destroyed morality, and ultimately this damage is measured in human lives. Simple example:nuclear submarine (NPS) “Nerpa”, on which an accident involving the death of people occurred during sea trials in the Sea of ​​Japan.The fire extinguishing system of the Project 971 K-152 Nerpa nuclear submarine operated abnormally, resulting in the death of 20 people and more than forty people being poisoned. Howreported in the press, instead of expensive freon, a cheaper toxic intermediate product of its production - tetrachlorethylene - was pumped into the fire extinguishing system. The press is silent about who benefited from this substitution. The Ministry of Defense, of course, is also silent. This example, alas, is not isolated and not the most egregious, just very typical: nothing sacred exists when it comes to the personal profit of those involved, accomplices in embezzlement and corruption.

3.5. Pyotr Ivanovich Dobchinsky and Pyotr Ivanovich Bobchinsky.

Similarities between Dobchinsky and Bobchinskymanifests itself even in the consonance of their surnames. They not only have the same names - they think and speak almost the same. Their stories with a huge amount of unnecessary details each time claim that they are just gossips and ordinary people.

From the point of view of psychology, the position of the average person is freedom from responsibility, and, first of all, from internal responsibility, which would appear if he really undertook to resolve certain significant issues. Instead, the average person finds satisfaction in arbitrarily and momentarily choosing what is most profitable and simple for him.

The main feature of ordinary people that unites them all is the approach they have fundamentally chosen for themselves in life, expressed in the reluctance to bother with anything, to take any position for themselves, to decide the correctness or incorrectness of some things that fall outside the circle of their extremely narrow and direct personal interests. However, with all this, ordinary people give themselves the right to judge and speak out about everything. Moreover, they even see their right to this as a higher priority in relation to those who are really trying to understand these things. The word “gossip” itself has the meaning of interweaving false events with their participants for someone’s plans, slander and slanderers, perhaps to hide their actions, actions and immorality.

Gossips are usually someone's tool and are used for some negative purpose. In modern society, rumors do not lose their positions and remain a powerful tool for influencing people.

The likelihood of rumors increases in situations of eventlessness, monotony and boredom. No wonder: gossip is entertainment. Once upon a time, before the advent of mass media, rumors were the only way to inform people. And in modern society, gossip usually arises where there is a lack of information.

3.6. Ammos Fedorovich Lyapkin-Tyapkin.

Gogol awards the local judge “Lyapkin-Tyapkin” with a wonderful “speaking” surname. It immediately becomes clear how he conducts business. Ammos Fedorovich is only interested in hunting and, taking bribes with greyhound puppies, considers himself a highly moral person. His indifference to official affairs and responsibilities is so great that the district court is gradually turning into a kind of farm - right in the front hall the guards keep domestic geese.

Indifference is manifested in the everyday life of society: in enterprises, in schools, in business, etc. Indifference in relationships occurs quite often, and there are reasons for it in the modern world. Indifference is a state of complete indifference, disinterest. “I’ve been sitting on the judge’s chair for fifteen years now, and when I look at the memorandum – ah! I’ll just give up,” says Ammos Fedorovich. Most of our modern people are so absorbed in their everyday difficulties, personal and business problems that they often do not have enough time to pay due attention to, establish and maintain good human relationships with others outside the narrow family or business circle.

Indifference and indifference manifest themselves in everything and penetrate everywhere. They are the cause of low self-esteem, distrust of people, inability and unwillingness to properly arrange their future. Selfishness, cynicism, arrogance, superficiality are qualities generated by indifference.

At the same time, the spiritual culture of people remains at a low level, and the line between the noble, truly valuable and vulgar is gradually erased. No wonder they say that indifference is poison for the heart. Having only let this darkness into himself a little, a person does not notice how it completely absorbs him.

3.7. Ivan Kuzmich Shpekin.

Postmaster Shpekin - noonly a fool, but also a scoundrel. He openly opens and reads other people's letters, and keeps the most interesting ones for his collection.Whether he does this out of curiosity or simply out of boredom is unimportant, but he does not hide it and, moreover, has the mayor’s permission to do so: “...would it be possible for you, for our common benefit, to receive every letter that comes to you in post office, incoming and outgoing, you know, print it out a little and read it...”

It's no secret that Shpekin's actions are an infringement on the privacy of correspondence, a criminal offense. In the modern world this is considered a crime, but the number of Shpekins is increasing. New means of communication appear, and people are ready to read other people’s correspondence. Perhaps due to the lack of personal communication, perhaps simply out of idle curiosity, but the fact remains a fact. Electronic mailboxes are hacked, telephone conversations are tapped. As a result, deeply personal, secret things become public domain.

3.8. Lower class.

Such traits of people of the lower class as selfishness, vulgarity, ignorance, did not go unnoticed by N.V. Gogol. In oppressed, offended, powerless people such as the locksmith, the serf servant Osip, the tavern floor boy, the non-commissioned officer’s widow, “who flogged herself,” there is a complete lack of feelingself-esteem, the ability to resent one’s servile position. These characters are brought out in the play in order to emphasize the consequences of the unseemly actions of ruling officials, to show how those who are lower in position suffer from their arbitrariness.

In the modern, rather aggressive world, maintaining self-esteem is quite difficult. Self-esteem is a person’s personal internal judge. This value is so often fickle: it will either rise to the skies in the event of some kind of victory or success, or it will throw itself into the pool of self-flagellation, corroding from the inside with a viscous whip for the mistakes made.

Low self-esteem is often present in the lives of people who do unloved things and live with unloved people. Internally, they understand this perfectly well, but they cannot do anything, quietly hating themselves for their powerlessness, which generates anger towards everyone around them. As a result of this, an irresistible craving for money appears as an indicator of dignity, nobility and significance.

People try in every way to prove to themselves, and especially to those around them, that they are superior to others, despite minor shortcomings in their personal lives. This is probably the scariest thing. A person who extols public opinion over his own loses his self-esteem, that is, he loses himself in the modern world.

IV. Conclusion.

More than a century and a half has passedfrom the moment the comedy was published, and its heroes, no, no, we will meet here and there.This means that these are not just characters in the play, but human types that still exist. The work of N.V. Gogol, in my opinion, is not so much comical as it is filled with tragedy, because when reading it, you begin to understand: a society in which there are so many degenerate leaders, corrupted by idleness and impunity, has no future. The relief depiction of the image of city officials and, above all, the mayor, complements the satirical meaning of the comedy. The tradition of bribery and deception of an official is completely natural and inevitable. Both the lower classes and the top of the city’s bureaucratic class cannot imagine any other outcome other than bribing the auditor with a bribe. A nameless district town becomes a generalization of all of Russia, which, under the threat of revision, reveals the true side of the character of the main characters, which is typical for any time.

The influence of the comedy "The Inspector General" on Russian society was enormous. The surname Khlestakov began to be used as a common noun. And Khlestakovism began to be called any unrestrained phrase-mongering, lies, shameless boasting combined with extreme frivolity. Gogol managed to penetrate into the very depths of the Russian national character, extracting from there the image of the false inspector - Khlestakov. According to the author of the immortal comedy, every Russian person becomes Khlestakov at least for a minute, regardless of his social status, age, education, and so on. In my opinion, overcoming Khlestakovism in oneself can be considered one of the main ways of self-improvement for each of us. All modern productions of the comedy “The Inspector General” emphasize its relevance to new times. A lot of time has passed since the play was written, but everything suggests that this Gogol work about an ordinary incident that happened in a Russian provincial town will not leave the stage of Russian theaters for a long time. We still have everything noted by Gogol: embezzlement, bribery, veneration of rank, indifference, ruthlessness, dirt, provincial boredom and increasing centralization - a pyramid of power, a vertical - when any metropolitan scoundrel passing by is perceived as an almighty big boss. And the image of Khlestakov itself always corresponds to the spirit of the times.

And yet, more often we meet kind and sympathetic people who, through their actions, strive to change the world for the better. They are not like Khlestakov or the mayor: they have different ideals. Thanks to such strong and selfless individuals, our country was able to withstand difficult times and maintain its dignity to this day.

Reading The Inspector General, we are convinced every time that the great work has not lost its accusatory power even today, that absolutely each of us has something to learn from Gogol.

Bibliography.

Fiction

1. N.V.Gogol. Inspector. – M.: State Publishing House of Children's Literature Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, 1952.
2. Yu.V. Mann. N.V.Gogol. Life and art. – M.: Children's literature, 1985.
3. Yu. V. Mann. Gogol's comedy "The Inspector General". - M.: Fiction, 1976.

Popular science literature

1. N.A. Berdyaev. Philosophy of inequality. – M.:AST, 2006.
2. N.A. Berdyaev. Self-knowledge. – M.: Vagrius, 2004.

Periodicals

1. V.R. Spiridonov. Mythology of a bribe.//Psychological newspaper: We and the World, No. 3, 2000.
2. N.Ya.Chuksin. About corruption//Samizdat, 2009, No. 7.
3. Vasily Buslaev. Nuclear submarine “Nerpa” // Russian newspaper, 11/13/2008, No. 234

Reference publications

~ ~

Ushakov Dmitry Nikolaevich. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Ushakov.- M.: State. foreign publishing house and national words, 2007.

Ushakov Dmitry Nikolaevich. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Ushakov. - M.: State. foreign publishing house and national words, 2007.