Diy water well drilling: diagram and video
Central water supply is the privilege of residents of urban centers. Even on the outskirts of a metropolis, it is difficult to connect to communications. Or need to spend a considerable amount for laying pipes, or access to the benefits of civilization is physically inaccessible due to the distance of the location of utilities.
There is nothing to say about isolated villages. The only way to get water is to drill your own well. The main thing is to find a suitable place. We will tell you the details about this responsible process, provide visual diagrams and show a thematic video.
We represent folk, and therefore very effective ways search for water on the site.
Method 1... Plain unglazed earthenware pot 1-1,5 liters are filled with a mixture of yari (a type of paint based on copper acetate), white incense (resin of a tree), sulfur and sheep's wool in proportions 4:4:4:5 .
Pot sealed and weighed... It needs to be buried in the intended place of drilling the well to a depth 30-35 cm. After a day, the container is again sent to the scales and, if the mass of the pot has increased, then the water is nearby.
Instead of old recipe for absorbent composition can be used silica gel.
Method 2... If there are no water sources nearby, you need to observe the chosen location for the well. Evening fog above the "destination" indicates that there is water here. Than the fog thicker- themes closer water.
Method 3 will give a result close to 100 % ... Can be drilled by hand with a garden drill to a depth 5-10 meters. If the presence of water in the well is evident, it remains to complete the deepening work.
The more water, the more likely it is to build a well, not a well. The conventional drilling depth is 10-15 m. The place for the well must be chosen not closer than 30 m from contaminated sites. It can also be artesian well, that is, an underground pressure source.
Hand drilling uses shock-rope and rotary methods or abyssinian well... The simplest is rotary drilling. Required tools and materials:
Drill rods.
Winch.
Drilling rig.
Upsetting pipes.
A winch on a tower a drill with rods (drill string) is lifted and removed from the well. If the water is shallow, the drill can be removed manually using a block on the winch. Also, instead of a winch, you can build a regular gate (like on wells). The drilling rig is made in the form of a tripod from scrap materials.
Drilling barbells- these are pipes on a threaded or keyed connection. A drill is attached to the lower rod. Drill types: spiral or spoon.
Bore spoon (spoon bore)
Boer spoon(spoon drill) - a metal cylinder with a spiral or longitudinal thread. Its axis is eccentric with respect to the center of the bar. That is, the axis of rotation of the rod and the lower drill must coincide, and for the "spoon" it is shifted by 10-15 millimeters.
Thus, the tool makes a well. diameter larger than its own... This allows the drill to move freely in the casing, which can be lowered directly in the process of burying.
Length borax spoons - 700 mm, the diameter is matched to the dimensions of the well.
On video an example of self-made tool is given:
Homemade drill spoon made from ordinary thick-walled hardened pipe... It can be used for drilling in wet sand, loam, black earth, alumina, and so on.
Spiral type drill (serpentine)
Boer spiral type (serpentine drill) is made from a twisted metal strip of tool steel and resembles a drill. The lower end of the tool is equipped with cutting edge, the pitch of its spiral is equal to the diameter. Can be used for drilling in clay and in gravel-filled clay soils.
Drilling process
To remove liquid mud from the well, use bailer... Its valve closes when it rises and retains the "sludge".
Over the future well a tower is being installed higher than the length of the rod. In the first stage, the drill string includes one rod and a drill. After every 600-700 mm, the column must be removed and cleaned from the ground. As you move, the length of the drill string is increased by attaching an additional rod.
Such necessary operations, how lifting a column, disassembling the rod, her assembly and return descent take a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to capture the maximum amount of soil with a drill. If drilling is carried out in loose soil, then it will fall down from the walls of the well. Therefore, in the "well" should be lowered casing, but not to the very bottom, but at a distance 0,5-1 meter from him.
The video shows the process in detail mechanized well drilling:
As the casing goes deeper, the casing goes down lower... Drilling continues to the waterproof layer. It is completely necessary to pass the aquifer so that water enters the well into maximum volume(this moment is very clearly presented on video at the end of the article).
Sinks to the bottom of the well fine metal mesh filter... Also, the filter is the lower part of the casing, in the walls of which holes are drilled. Before installing the filter on the bottom of the well, you need to fill 30-50 centimeters of coarse sand or fine gravel. Water is supplied to the house through the plumbing using pump, therefore, it is necessary to bring the cable and metal-plastic pipes.
Drill a well to a depth more than 20 meters by hand it will be very difficult.
Any ready a well for water, the maintenance of which is carried out in sufficient volume, will serve for tens of years. Service is fastener check, lubrication and adjustment of pump parts, electrical work etc. Usually "inspection" takes place on site, without requiring dismantling of the equipment.
It is also necessary to conduct well insulation, or rather its upper part.
Materials such as polystyrene (polystyrene), mineral or glass wool are best used if the groundwater is close, as well as when the soil is deeply frozen.
It is advisable to make a layer of insulation thick 35-50 centimeters.
How to analyze water quality
Drinking water is standardized according to the standards of the World Health Organization ( WHO). You can get acquainted with them in the “Guidelines for ensuring the quality of drinking water”.
Water purification from a well is carried out in special laboratories after determining the presence of impurities as a percentage. The analysis must be carried out regularly, since the composition can change due to seasonal and even daily fluctuations. Based on the results obtained, the water well is cleaned in the most suitable way.
Well water treatment
Universal well water purification system - reverse osmosis... Several types of impurities are removed at once, ensuring high quality of the liquid. Therefore, only this system can be used to completely get rid of iron, humic compounds, viruses and bacteria.
After laboratory analyzes you need to contact a specialist who will select the most effective cleaning system.
There are such types water filters:
Jug type... Contains activated carbon, which partially reduces the amount of contaminants in the water. "Jug" cannot delete a large number of inorganic, organic impurities and bacteria. The water is filtered slowly. After a month, you need to change the cartridge.
Carbonic... Contains activated carbon, which effectively removes chlorine from water. Due to a possible interruption in the operation of the water supply, the cartridge is often clogged, so the composition of the water can become doubly toxic. Does not reduce the number of bacteria, viruses and inorganic impurities.
Ceramic... Contributes to the purification of water only from the "debris" of large fractions. Organic and inorganic substances, viruses and bacteria are not retained. In addition, the filter quickly becomes clogged with dirt. Therefore, it requires frequent cleaning and disinfection.
Reverse osmosis... It significantly reduces the content of harmful and toxic impurities in water. Mechanical barriers and a membrane purify the liquid almost perfectly, but useful minerals are lost and a distillation effect occurs. Therefore, a mineralizer must be connected to the filter. Does not kill bacteria and viruses.
Coagulation method... When adding coagulants, the water is separated into 3 layer. The upper collects light impurities, the lower collects toxins in the form of sediment. The middle layer is drinkable. Special equipment required. At home, the process is dangerous, since toxic substances from other layers can get into the water.
At the end of the material, we suggest looking video where drilling works are presented:
