Flora and fauna of the reservoir. Flora and fauna of Baikal
This abstract tells the material about the animals and plants of the MariEl reservoirs. The work is recommended to use in the lessons on the subject "The World" in the study of topics:
“What do we know about our city and village?”, “Where do rivers flow from and where?”, “Water reservoir ecosystem” during extracurricular activities.
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abstract
on the topic:
"FLORA AND FAUNA
VODOEMOV MARY EL
Fulfilled: Igor Blinov
student 3 "B" class
Center of Education №18 Yoshkar - Ola
(GAOU RME "Lyceum Baumansky")
Project Manager: Ochieva Raisa Alexandrovna,
primary school teacher
GAOU RME "Lyceum Baumansky"
yoshkar - Ola, 2007
Plan:
- Introduction
- Flora of ponds
- Fish ponds
- Animal world of reservoirs
- References
Introduction
Perhaps, there is no such place in our republic where there are no reservoirs at all. Their inhabitants have long adapted to life in them.
Flora of ponds
A jug of yellow - leaves floating on the surface of the water, large, heart-shaped-oval with a long succulent root. The flowers are large, yellow, aromatic - also float on the surface of the water. It blooms from June to September.
White waterlily - leaves floating on the surface of the water, large, heart-shaped-oval with a long petiole. The flowers are large, multilobe, white with a faint aroma. Flowering water lily in June and July.
Broadtail rogum - their stems reach a height of 2 m. The leaves are broadly linear, long, located at the base of the stem. Upstairs black velvety flowers are formed. Royzas bloom in June and July.
All these plants are used for procurement of drugs. Therefore, they must be treated carefully, in vain, not tearing.
Fish ponds
Animal life is diverse and interesting in the waters.
Bedbug vodmerka prudovik ordinary
It is a waterman. Why the bug does not sink? It turns out that his legs are greased. See how a water strider keeps on water: its legs are widely spread apart, thanks to which the support area increases.
In all reservoirs there are a lot of mollusks. Here, with a swirling sink, clinging to the plant, sits an ordinary pond snail. He breathes atmospheric air, and eats small animals. From early spring to autumn, you can observe these snails crawling in the coastal strip of lakes such as the Deaf, Konaner, Martyn and others. Especially a lot of them happens in the middle of summer in the thickets of water lilies, water lilies and hornpole.
And here is the pearl. Want to consider their soft bodies? It is not so easy, because they are enclosed in sash shells, it is not easy to open them. On the inner side of the shell is nacreous, that's why it is poured with all the colors of the rainbow. They can be found on the lake Marière, Yalchik, Lisiem and others.
The Republic of Mari El is located in the middle reaches of the great Russian Volga River. Many large rivers of the republic, such as Vetluga, Rutka, Bolshaya and Malaya Kokshaga, Ilet, Sura, Bolshoi Sundyr and others, flow into the Volga. It is for him that the fish penetrates all the waters of the region.
More than half of the total number of species constitute fish of the carp family. These include bream, carp, crucian carp, ide, minnow, tench, sabrefish, rudd, roach, bleak and others. The greatest diversity is observed in Lake Yalchik, where 12 species of fish are found.
The state of the reservoir has a huge impact on fish. Fish living in food-rich reservoirs, have larger sizes and good fatness. For example, bream weighing more than 5 kilograms are found in Lake Tair, pikes reach 8 kilograms. Crucian lakes Big Stepankino fatten weight up to 3 kilograms.
Animal world of reservoirs
There are animals whose life is associated with water: beaver, otter, mink.
And if you saw fish remains on the bank of the river, here it means that an otter was feasting - large, up to 70 cm into the valley, a beast, with a narrow, flexible body. Otter life is closely related to water. On land, it is clumsy, but in the water it is agile, fast, a wonderful swimmer and a diver. The otter feeds on fish. Small she eats right in the water. He swims up to the large one, turning over on his back (the fish cannot look down and see the danger) - he pulls it to the shore.
Itself is very difficult to see. During the day, she sits in a hole that she arranges on the beach, and goes hunting at night.
Previously, the fishermen destroyed the otter, considering it a dangerous rival. However, where the otter was completely destroyed, the fish did not become more, and in other places it disappeared completely.
The fact is that the otter is a cunning hunter. She does not always chase high-speed fish, but grabs any who did not have time to swim. Most often, such sluggish fish are sick. The otter eats them in the first place and this does not allow the infection to spread. She's like a water medic.
Unfortunately, people realized it was too late when there were few otters left. After all, the otter was exterminated not only by fishermen, but also by hunters because of fluffy and beautiful fur. Now the otter has been taken under protection. The hunt for her is strictly limited.
References:
- “Native Land 3-4 Grade” A.A. Pekpayev.
- "Do you know the animals of our land"? P.G. Efremov, A.A. Peckaev. 1995
- "We study nature" A.A. Pekpaev.1995g
- Children's encyclopedia "What is it? Who is this? ”Volume 1 for primary school age. 1975
- “Medicinal plants of the MASSR” A.I. Podymov, Yu.D., Suslov 1974.
Among the didactic principles of this system is the principle that requires the teacher to conduct purposeful work on the overall development of all - both weak and strong students.
When correlating it with the principle of an individual approach in generally accepted didactics, it is possible to note some similarities and differences. Both principles are based on the recognition of individual differences between children entering the same class. Teachers are required to study the characteristics of schoolchildren and take them into account in the learning process. Usually, an individual approach is reduced to the fact that the teacher studies the gaps in the knowledge of children and looks for ways to eliminate them. By implementing an individual approach in this way, the teacher seeks to tighten the weak to the level of medium, medium to the level of strong. However, it remains unknown to what level to pull up the strong. Strong becomes the benchmark and in fact turns out to be outside the scope of the principle of the individual approach. Approaching the personality of the student from the point of view of overall development, it becomes clear that there can be no benchmark to which others should be pulled. When training is aimed at the overall development, it should be about providing a space for the individuality of each, but not about pulling one up to the level of the other. The question is only how to identify the individuality of the student, how to find out what is strong in the child and what is poorly developed, what is higher than the others, what is lower.
In the “Zankov” class, such an opportunity to express themselves in various aspects is ensured by the richness of the content of education and the variety of methods of the teacher. This makes it possible to diversify the activities of students.
One of the most frequently used forms of organizing the cognitive activity of students is group work. This is the organization of such training sessions in which a single cognitive task is put before a certain group of schoolchildren. Individual students are placed in the position of a teacher, it becomes possible to provide real assistance to each other. This form generates mutual responsibility, attentiveness, forms interest in the work of a friend.
With proper pedagogical leadership and management, this form allows you to implement the basic conditions of collectivity: awareness of a common goal, appropriate distribution of responsibilities, mutual dependence and control.
Psychological and pedagogical substantiation of group training:
- Implementation of the principle of activity;
- Formation of teaching and learning motivation;
- Universal, comprehensive knowledge control;
- Psychological comfort in the educational team;
- Unity of education and training;
- The implementation of the subject - subject relations.
The essence of group learning is as follows: in group lessons there is an interaction between the teacher and the students and between the students.
Advantages of group training:
- Introduction to important life skills (effective communication, the ability to listen, the ability to take another's point of view, the ability to resolve conflicts, the ability to work together to achieve a common goal)
- Improved academic performance;
- Self-esteem is fostered;
- Friendship in the classroom is strengthening, attitudes towards the school are changing;
- It is possible to avoid the negative sides of the competition;
- Students are convinced of the value of mutual aid.
Types of group training:
- Training in pairs;
- Group sitting together;
- Small team;
- Task for the whole class.
When working in groups, children should know not only the specific task, but also the purpose of the lesson.
As a result of the work, it is necessary to give the class a response comment. Children want to know how they worked, whether their answers are adequate to your expectations.
Science lesson
(Lesson of generalization in grade 2)
Theme: Flora and fauna of freshwater bodies.
Goals:
- Summarize students' knowledge of the natural community.
- Develop observation, the speech of children, thinking (to teach to reason, to reflect on the information received).
- Foster interest in nature, love for the native land
- Lay the foundations of environmental education.
Knowledge only then knowledge
when it is acquired by the efforts of thought,
not one memory.
L.N. Tolstoy
During the classes
1. How do you understand these words?
2. You will name the lesson topic yourself by completing the following task.
SEA, POND, RIVER, LAKE, RESERVOIR
- What do these concepts have in common? (Reservoirs)
- Name the extra word. (River)
- What two groups can be divided into these reservoirs? (Artificial, natural)
3. Make a logical chain of the following concepts.
LAND, VODOEMA, PLANTS, ANIMALS, BIRDS, ANIMALS
Today in the lesson we will generalize knowledge about freshwater bodies, its animal and plant world.
4. Make a judgment “If ... then” with the words:
ALGAE - PLANTS. Determine the truth.
(If algae, then this plant is a true saying.
If plants, then these are algae - the feedback is false, since not all plants are algae)
5. Work on individual boards. Draw the generic term “plant” as a set.
(Algae are microscopic organisms floating in the water column, a cluster of greenish filaments called mud. This is brownish silt at the bottom of the reservoir. This is a slimy deposit on submerged objects. These are the simplest of plants, some of them have an external similarity).
Plant
Root
Sheet
Stem
Flower
Fetus
6. Which groups can be divided plants of reservoirs?
- Plants that are completely under water;
- Plants freely floating on the surface;
- Plants whose bottom is submerged.
7. Associate these plants with these groups. Prove it.
1 group
comminum
2 group
vodokras
water lily
3 group
arrowhead
4 group
What is the difference between land plants and plants of reservoirs.
7. Get to know the plant by description:
- Partially immersed in water. Flowers with three white petals. The sheet looks like an enlarged arrowhead (arrowhead)
- Fruits are like jugs. Yellow flowers slightly rise above the water. Leaves are large, dense (Kubyshka yellow)
9. Make a true judgment “All - not all - no” with the words:
1g pond - sea (All ponds - not the sea)
2 gr. lake - ponds (All lakes are ponds, not all ponds - lakes)
3 gr. cattail - plants (All cattails - plants, not all plants - cattail)
4 gr. predators - birds (Not all predators - birds, not all birds - predators)
10. On the tables are pictures of birds, legs of birds, beaks of birds.
Choose from them waterfowl and explain your choice.
Group 1:crane, stork, heron
Group 2:ogar, turpan, krohal
3 group: Identify the legs of waterfowl.
Group 4: Identify the beaks of waterfowl.
11. Determine the truth of the judgments.
All birds can fly. (False: ostrich, penguin., Turkey do not know how to fly)
All birds can swim. (False: swallow, bullfinch, sparrow do not swim)
All birds have feathers. (True, it is a generic sign of birds)
4 group. Picture using sets.
Flamingo, duck, goose
Muskrat, beaver, picked,
Weasel, sable, badger
Select a lot of animals;
Many who can swim
What was the set at the intersection? (Beasts that can swim)
12. On the blackboard images of beaver, nutria, muskrat, otter, mink, musk deer
- Highlight an extra animal? (Musk deer is not a water animal)
- Which groups divide the rest?
- Beaver, nutria, muskrat - rodents, omnivores
- Otter, mink - predators
- What are the essential features of these animals?
- (Mammals, wild animals, animals)
- How did they adapt to such conditions? (Paws, wool, body shape)
12. On the blackboard a picture of a reservoir with plants, birds, animals.
Can a reservoir be called a natural community? Why?
(In the reservoirs for life there is enough space and food for everyone: plants and animals, birds, fish, reptiles, beasts. They all help each other survive. It’s like one chain. A link will break, one of the species will disappear, the others will gradually disappear) .
In conclusion, a video about life in water is shown.
13. Creative task at home.
Write an essay on one of the following topics:
- “On the water and under the water we will see life”
- “Freshwater reservoir - they always have a table and a house”
- “Reservoirs - the cradle of life”
Vegetable world
SIBERIAN CEDAR:The height of the cedar is 35-40 m, the diameter of the trunk is up to 1.8 m, it lives up to 500 years. It is known primarily due to pine nuts, the abundant harvest of which occurs every 5-6 years. The local population called it the bread tree of Siberia. Cedar cones ripen in September. They are knocked down by their 40-70-kilogram wooden stab, which is beaten on the trunk of the cedar. With such a stab on his shoulder, the harvester walks all day in the taiga. A cone knocked down from cedars is transferred to winter quarters, sometimes several kilometers from the place of harvesting. Then the nuts are peeled from the cones on a home-made hand-held mill, they take out the garbage and dry it. Before the revolution, when sunflower oil was in short supply, cedar oil was made from pine nuts. At present, the production of cedar oil, milk, sour cream and halvah is undeservedly forgotten. Pine nut is sold in cones (milk nut) and peeled (roasted). Cedar wood has not a strong but persistent odor that lasts for decades, which scares away the mole. A house cut from cedar logs is considered to be useful for the health of people living in it. Cedar wood has extremely high technical qualities (strength, resistance to rotting). Cedar forests are characteristic of the Eastern Sayan region, the headwaters of the r. Lena, the northwestern slopes of the Pribaikalskie mountains.
DAURA RHODENDRON - RUNNER:Bagulik is called the harbinger of the Baikal spring. The blooming of a huge amount of pink flowers, when no noticeable green foliage has yet appeared, creates the impression of a blooming garden on the shores of Baikal. Ledum grows throughout Eastern Siberia, often forms thickets. It blooms in May - June.
CHABRETS, BOGORODSKAYA GRASS (Thymus serpyllum):Thyme grows on rocky slopes, open sandy places, steppe meadows. Distributed both in the Baikal and Transbaikalia. It blooms from June to August. The pink spots of flowers are hard to miss on the sand hills. Thyme herb contains up to 1% of essential oils, and if the twig is wrinkled in the hands, a persistent characteristic odor is formed.For therapeutic purposes, collect the flowering apical part of the plant. Infusions and decoctions of thyme are widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including to prolong life, as a tonic for the immune system, with nervous diseases and insomnia. A pinch of dried thyme is thrown into the fire by a shaman during a ceremony of purification.Infusion is usually prepared from one or two tablespoons of dried grass per 100 g of boiling water. The grass is brewed in a glass container and left to infuse for 4-5 hours.
CRUMSHA (Allium viktorialis):It grows in almost all areas of Lake Baikal, sometimes forming significant thickets. Sold in the markets in May - June, when the stems and leaves of wild garlic are the softest and most juicy. Fresh ramson is widely used in the form of salads, for filling pies, in the preparation of meat dishes instead of onions. For storage, the ramson is finely ground and salted, like cabbage. Salad dressed with sour cream or mayonnaise. It has a garlic smell and whets the appetite.
SAGANDAYLA, RHODENDRON ADAMS (Rhododendron adamsii Rehder):It grows in the highlands on the rocky slopes in the Eastern Sayan, Khamar-Daban, on the Barguzinsky ridge. It blooms in the second half of June - in July. Leafy apical parts of the plant are harvested from the beginning of flowering until the formation of fruits. Dried in the shade. The local Buryat population widely uses sagandail as a tonic and stimulant. Stimulates the kidneys, heart, brain. Increases potency, relieves fatigue and hangover. Also known under the Tibetan name "White Wing", the grass that prolongs life. Food supplement gives tea a specific surprisingly pleasant and strong aroma. To obtain a tonic tea for 1 cup with brewing, no more than 3-5 leaves and stems are brewed. Overdose is not recommended.You can buy sagandayl in Irkutsk pharmacies or order by phone. 35-06-24.45-08-65, Rzhanova, 29 Fitomed CJSC. The grass is sold by local people from sources in the village. Arshan.
GOLDEN ROOT, RHODIOL PINK (Rhodiola rosea L.):It grows in rock crevices, on rocks, and rocky slopes in almost all areas of Baikal. Golden root has an action similar to ginseng, relieves fatigue, has a stimulating effect on the entire body. It blooms in late June, early July. Harvest rhizomes during flowering and fruiting in the second half of July, in August. They dig up the largest specimens, clean them off the ground and quickly rinse them in running water, remove the brown cork, cut them into pieces, splitting along, wrinkle and dry in the shade. Digging the roots of Rhodiola Rosea in one place is recommended no more than once in 10 years. Used in the form of a liquid extract infused with alcohol.
CAPSTER (Rhodococcum vitis-idaea):Lingonberries are often found in the forests of Siberia, sometimes they form a solid carpet. Berry ripens in August - September. With a good harvest, the berry collects a full bucket in 2-3 hours with a shovel.For long-term storage, fresh berries are poured with sugar or filled with water. Especially good frozen berries to hot game or tea after a bath.Lingonberry is a well-known home remedy. In the form of decoctions or juice, it is used as a febrifuge. Lingonberry jam tea is a good diaphoretic.
ORGANIC WORLD
In the fauna of Baikal, almost all types of animals living in freshwater bodies are represented. There is no other lake in the world whose biological diversity would be so great and unique. Of the 2,635 known species and varieties of animals and plants found so far in the lake, almost 2/3 of them are endemic and are not found anywhere else in the world. Therefore, Baikal can be considered one of the geographical centers of origin of biological species.At present, there are 53 species of fish in Baikal, of which only 15 are commercial ones. The omul, grayling, whitefish are the best known among them. The Baikal sturgeon is found in smaller quantities and in quite insignificant quantities such fish as taimen, burbot, davatchan, lenok, sorog, perch, ide.
OMUL:The very first praised the fish riches of Baikal, the archpriest Avvakum. Returning in the summer of 1662 from the Dahurian exile, he wrote: “But the fish are very thick in the lake: sturgeon and taimen are much fat — you cannot fry in a frying pan: all fat will be. Fresh water, fish in it are sturgeon and taymen, sterlet and omul, and whitefish of other genera much. " Special glory was awarded to the Baikal omul.Omul is the most numerous commercial fish of Baikal. It is also found in the basin of the Arctic Ocean, the Baikal subspecies inhabits Baikal. Omul is a fish of the sig family. Four omul populations live in Baikal: Selenga, Chivyrkuy, North Baikal and embassy. The most numerous of them is the Selenga population. The biomass of all age groups of omul is estimated at 25-30 thousand tons. The largest size of omul is 50 cm, its weight is up to 5 kg. Omul lives 24-25 years. Salted omul is especially appreciated because of its unique tender taste.
GOLMYANKA:This translucent viviparous fish is of exceptional interest. Golomyanka is the most numerous fish on Lake Baikal. Its total number and biomass is 2 times more than all other fish. Lives in the water column dispersed at all depths from surface water to the bottom. It is the main food for the seal.The body of the golomyanka is semi-transparent and half fat. The fat content of a large golomyanka is more than 40% of its weight. Therefore, through the tail of the text can be read from large letters.Golomyanka gives birth to live larvae, unlike all other fish that spawn to spawn. This way of reproduction, as in golomyanka, is not known in any of the fish in the world.
BAIKAL NERPA:The seal is the only seal in the world that lives in fresh water. The seal is widespread throughout Baikal, but especially widely - in its northern and middle parts. The seal is curious and sometimes swims close to the drifting vessel when the engine is not working, and is nearby for a long time, constantly looking out of the water. Now in Baikal, according to experts, there are about 80-100 thousand heads. Until now, there is no single point of view among scientists, how this animal got into Baikal. Most researchers are of the opinion of I.D. Chersky that the seal penetrated into Lake Baikal from the Arctic Ocean through the Yenisei-Angara river system into the Ice Age simultaneously with the Baikal omul. Especially a lot of seals on the rocky shores of the Ushkany Islands can be seen in June. At sunset, the seal begins a massive movement to the islands. According to scientists, the number of seals on a rookery varies between 2000 heads and has not changed since 1934.The seal feeds on non-commercial fish (golomyanka, goby). In the year she eats about a ton of fish. In search of food, the seal dives to a depth of 200 m and remains under water for 20-25 minutes. Males reach 130-150 kg, and their length is up to 1.8 m, the females are smaller in size. The maximum speed of swimming at the seal is 20-25 km / h. The seals live for a maximum of 55-56 years.The seal pups on ice in a snowy den. Most of the impulse is born in mid-March. The young have white fur, which allows them to remain almost unnoticed in the snow in the first weeks of life. The young baby imprint-baby Buryats is called a khubunok.Commercial seals are hunted for seals, about 6 thousand seals are fired annually. Arctic seals are fed with seal meat, hats are made of fur, used for tamping hunting skis. Nerpichye meat is eaten, and the flippers of the seal, boiled in water, are considered a delicacy. Especially gentle meat in young people is impatient - khubunks, whose meat has no smell of fish and resembles the taste of chickens. In the liver of the seal are many vitamins.In the old days nerpachy fat was used in leather production and in soap manufacture. In the years 1895-1897. Seer fat was mainly used in the Lena gold mines to illuminate the mines. Local residents believe that seals' fat is curative and is used to treat pulmonary diseases and stomach ulcers.
BARGUZINSKAYA SABLE:Homeland sable - forests and mountains of Eastern Siberia. Currently, sable is found throughout the taiga part of Russia from the Urals to the Pacific coast. Because of the beautiful, durable and expensive fur, sable is called the king of wild fur - "soft gold". The darker the sable, the more expensive its skin. The Barguzin sable is the darkest of the sables found in Siberia and is therefore especially valued at international fur auctions.The body length of sable is up to 56 cm, the tail is up to 20 cm. It shows the greatest activity in the morning and evening. Rarely rises in the crowns of trees, often kept on the ground in the thickets of elfin, among the stone placers. Often lives in cedar forests, in the upper reaches of mountain rivers.At the traditional international fur and fur auction in St. Petersburg, the sable skin at the beginning of the 90s cost over $ 100, at the end of the 90s the cost fell to $ 62 per skin. In developed countries, natural fur is increasingly being replaced by artificial.
BIRDS:
Of the birds on Baikal there are mainly various species of ducks. Often, ducks gather in large flocks, which are quite common on the water while swimming along Baikal. Seagulls live in large numbers on the rocky islands of Baikal. Cormorant is also characteristic of open Baikal. Especially a lot of birds in the river deltas and shallow bays. Rarely on the shores of Lake Baikal can also be found geese, screamers. In some places there are gray herons and ebony loon.
In the Baikal region there are 7 species of eagles: golden eagle, burial ground, steppe eagle, great spotted eagle, eagle-dwarf, white-tailed eagle, and long-tailed eagle. Such a diversity and abundance of "eagle birds" is not observed anywhere else in North Asia.One of the most beautiful and majestic feathered predators is the bald eagle, the burial eagle. In all Western European countries, the burial ground is called the imperial eagle. The wingspan of its wings reaches 2 m. Lives up to 100 years.Eagles almost always nest high in the trees, as a rule, on the forest edges in the same places for many decades. The diameter of the perennial buildings-nests can reach 2 meters. Nestlings appear in the end of May - the beginning of June, and until the end of August the young birds keep in the nesting area.For the winter, the eagles migrate south.
GNUS:
Gnus is the national collective name of a number of blood-sucking insects that are very common in the Siberian taiga (gadflies, midges, miniature woodlice) - “punishment of the Siberian taiga”. In some areas, this word is replaced by another - midge. On Lena - wetzman. A nice feature of Baikal is the absence of nasal storms and mosquitoes on its beaches. This is due to the wind characteristics of the lake - constant winds blowing from the lake’s waters blow the midge deep into the shore.
“Migratory and Wintering Birds” - Lesson Subject: Sparrow. Winter dining room for birds. Food for wintering birds. S.Esenin. Cuckoo. Ku-ku! ”Can’t learn how to sing like a rooster:“ Ku-ka-re-ku! ”. Hibernate. Birds? In the cold season, the birds sit tightly pressed against each other, chuckling. With hard notches. The lesson of the world in the first class of the School of Russia.
“Plants and animals of water bodies” - Work plan. Flora and fauna of reservoirs. Creek, lake, river, swamp, pupil ---- F.I. ---- Workbook ---- Topic: What is nature? 1. On Earth there are many different reservoirs: the sea, the ocean. Flora and fauna of the marshes. Training exercises: № 6, № 7. * Game exercises: №2. Computer work.
"The World of Birds" - the contest "Know the bird." Name the familiar birds. Red paws, Long neck, Tongue by the heels, Run without looking back. Woodpecker. Sparrow. Starling. Where do birds winter? The work is intended for students in grade 1 (1-4) in the course "The World" A.A. Pleshakov. Cranes. Bird feeders. Owl Pigeon Nightingale. Swallow.
"Variety of Fauna 3 class" - Work in pairs. What is a FAUNA? Unicellular. Animal world. Identification of signs of various groups of animals. Answer the questions. 1 group. A variety of animals. “Workbook №1”, p. 20, No. 56. 2 group. Are there any predators among insects? Textbook, with. 64. Animals (fauna) ?. What is the difference between insects and other animals?
"Birds in the winter" - a lot of snow a lot of bread. Others use their stocks. Deciduous and coniferous plants. Snow protects from frost. Forest animals, like birds feed in winter. Birds in the winter. Most deciduous trees and shrubs shed their leaves for the winter. Proverbs and sayings about winter. Wintering birds do not fly away from us to warm countries.
“Where birds are wintering 1 class” - Swallow Chaffinch woodpecker. Competition "To fly away?". Sparrow. Mystery contest. Starling Nuthatch Crane. Why does the swallow fly away to warm lands, and the woodpecker is left to spend the winter with us? Goose. Foster care for birds. Why does the crane fly to warm lands, does the owl winter in our lands? Competition - "Why".
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