Introduction:

The federal law is aimed at ensuring state guarantees and implementing the constitutional right of citizens to education, at the legal regulation of relations in the field of education in order to ensure and protect the interests of the individual, society and the state.

The federal law regulates the legal status of educational organizations (state, municipal, private), organizations providing training, individual entrepreneurs and the procedure for their implementation of educational activities, establishes the rights and obligations of students and their parents (legal representatives), teaching and other employees of educational organizations, and also their social security measures.

The federal law defines the principles and mechanisms for realizing the right of citizens to accessible, free and high-quality education, including the status and significance of federal state educational standards, the procedure for admission to organizations engaged in educational activities, the procedure for the development and features of the implementation of educational programs depending on the level and focus education.

The levels of general education (preschool education, primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education) and professional education (secondary vocational education, higher education - bachelor's degree, higher education - specialty, master's degree, higher education - training of highly qualified personnel) are established. In addition, issues of obtaining additional education and vocational training are regulated.

The federal law establishes the powers of federal government bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies in the field of education, determines the procedure for licensing, state accreditation of educational activities, state control (supervision) in the field of education.

The Federal Law also contains rules relating to the determination of standards for financing educational activities carried out at the expense of the corresponding budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation.

In general, the Federal Law is a single comprehensive regulatory legal act that ensures the regulation of social relations in the field of education, taking into account the types, levels, forms of education, as well as the needs and interests of students.

From the date of entry into force of the Federal Law, the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” and the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” are recognized as no longer in force.

Federal Law of the Russian Federation of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation"

Chapter 1. General provisions

Article 1. Subject of regulation of this Federal Law

1. The subject of regulation of this Federal Law is social relations arising in the field of education in connection with the implementation of the right to education, ensuring state guarantees of human rights and freedoms in the field of education and the creation of conditions for the realization of the right to education (hereinafter referred to as relations in the field of education).

2. This Federal Law establishes the legal, organizational and economic foundations of education in the Russian Federation, the basic principles of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education, general rules for the functioning of the education system and the implementation of educational activities, and determines the legal status of participants in relations in the field of education.

Article 2. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law

For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts apply:

1) education- a single purposeful process of education and training, which is a socially significant benefit and carried out in the interests of the individual, family, society and the state, as well as the totality of acquired knowledge, skills, values, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity for the purposes of intellectual, spiritual - moral, creative, physical and (or) professional development of a person, satisfaction of his educational needs and interests;

2) upbringing- activities aimed at personal development, creating conditions for self-determination and socialization of the student on the basis of sociocultural, spiritual and moral values ​​and socially accepted rules and norms of behavior in the interests of the individual, family, society and the state;

3) education- a purposeful process of organizing students’ activities to master knowledge, abilities, skills and competence, gain operational experience, develop abilities, gain experience in applying knowledge in everyday life and form students’ motivation to receive education throughout their lives;

4) the level of education- a completed education cycle, characterized by a certain unified set of requirements;

5) qualification- the level of knowledge, abilities, skills and competence that characterizes readiness to perform a certain type of professional activity;

6) federal state educational standard- a set of mandatory requirements for education of a certain level and (or) for a profession, specialty and area of ​​training, approved by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;

7) educational standard- a set of mandatory requirements for higher education in specialties and areas of training, approved by educational organizations of higher education, determined by this Federal Law or by decree of the President of the Russian Federation;

8) federal government requirements- mandatory requirements for the minimum content, structure of additional pre-professional programs, conditions for their implementation and terms of study for these programs, approved in accordance with this Federal Law by authorized federal executive bodies;

9) educational program- a set of basic characteristics of education (volume, content, planned results), organizational and pedagogical conditions and, in cases provided for by this Federal Law, forms of certification, which is presented in the form of a curriculum, academic calendar, work programs of academic subjects, courses, disciplines ( modules), other components, as well as assessment and teaching materials;

10) approximate basic educational program- educational and methodological documentation (approximate curriculum, approximate academic calendar, approximate work programs of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components), defining the recommended volume and content of education of a certain level and (or) a certain orientation, the planned results of mastering educational program, approximate conditions of educational activities, including approximate calculations of standard costs for the provision of public services for the implementation of the educational program;

11) general education- a type of education that is aimed at personal development and the acquisition, in the process of mastering basic general education programs, of knowledge, abilities, skills and the formation of competencies necessary for a person’s life in society, an informed choice of profession and obtaining vocational education;

12) professional education- a type of education that is aimed at students acquiring, in the process of mastering basic professional educational programs, knowledge, abilities, skills and the formation of competence of a certain level and volume, allowing them to conduct professional activities in a certain field and (or) perform work in a specific profession or specialty;

13) professional education- a type of education that is aimed at students acquiring knowledge, skills, abilities and the formation of competencies necessary to perform certain labor and official functions (certain types of labor, official activities, professions);

14)additional education- a type of education that is aimed at comprehensively satisfying a person’s educational needs in intellectual, spiritual, moral, physical and (or) professional improvement and is not accompanied by an increase in the level of education;

15) student- an individual studying an educational program;

16) student with disabilities- an individual who has deficiencies in physical and (or) psychological development, confirmed by a psychological-medical-pedagogical commission and preventing them from receiving education without the creation of special conditions;

17) educational activities- activities for the implementation of educational programs;

18)educational organization- a non-profit organization that carries out educational activities on the basis of a license as the main type of activity in accordance with the goals for which such an organization was created;

19) training organization- a legal entity that, on the basis of a license, carries out educational activities as an additional type of activity along with its main activity;

20) organizations carrying out educational activities,- educational organizations, as well as organizations providing training. For the purposes of this Federal Law, individual entrepreneurs carrying out educational activities are equated to organizations carrying out educational activities, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law;

21) teaching worker- an individual who has a labor or service relationship with an organization carrying out educational activities and performs duties for training, educating students and (or) organizing educational activities;

22) syllabus- a document that determines the list, labor intensity, sequence and distribution by periods of study of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practice, other types of educational activities and, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law, forms of intermediate certification of students;

23) individual curriculum- a curriculum that ensures the development of an educational program based on the individualization of its content, taking into account the characteristics and educational needs of a particular student;

24) practice- type of educational activity aimed at forming, consolidating, developing practical skills and competencies in the process of performing certain types of work related to future professional activities;

25) focus (profile) of education- orientation of the educational program towards specific areas of knowledge and (or) types of activity, determining its subject-thematic content, the predominant types of educational activity of the student and the requirements for the results of mastering the educational program;

26) means of training and education- instruments, equipment, including sports equipment and equipment, instruments (including musical), educational and visual aids, computers, information and telecommunication networks, hardware, software and audiovisual tools, printed and electronic educational and information resources and other material objects, necessary for organizing educational activities;

27) inclusive education- ensuring equal access to education for all students, taking into account the diversity of special educational needs and individual capabilities;

28) adapted educational program- an educational program adapted for training persons with disabilities, taking into account the characteristics of their psychophysical development, individual capabilities and, if necessary, providing correction of developmental disorders and social adaptation of these persons;

29) the quality of education- a comprehensive description of the educational activity and training of the student, expressing the degree of their compliance with federal state educational standards, educational standards, federal state requirements and (or) the needs of the individual or legal entity in whose interests the educational activity is carried out, including the degree of achievement of the planned results of the educational program ;

30) relations in education- a set of social relations for the implementation of the right of citizens to education, the purpose of which is for students to master the content of educational programs (educational relations), and social relations that are associated with educational relations and the purpose of which is to create conditions for the implementation of the rights of citizens to education;

31) participants in educational relations- students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students, teaching staff and their representatives, organizations carrying out educational activities;

32) participants in relations in the field of education- participants in educational relations and federal government bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies, employers and their associations;

33) conflict of interest of a teacher- a situation in which a teaching worker, when carrying out his professional activities, has a personal interest in obtaining material benefit or other advantage and which affects or may affect the proper performance of professional duties by the teaching worker due to a contradiction between his personal interest and the interests of the student, parents (legal representatives ) minor students;

34) babysitting and child care- a set of measures to organize nutrition and household services for children, ensure their compliance with personal hygiene and daily routine.

Article 3. Basic principles of state policy and legal regulation of relations in the field of education

1. State policy and legal regulation of relations in the field of education are based on the following principles:

1) recognition of the priority of education;

2) ensuring the right of every person to education, non-discrimination in the field of education;

3) the humanistic nature of education, the priority of human life and health, individual rights and freedoms, free personal development, education of mutual respect, hard work, citizenship, patriotism, responsibility, legal culture, respect for nature and the environment, rational use of natural resources;

4) the unity of the educational space on the territory of the Russian Federation, the protection and development of ethnocultural characteristics and traditions of the peoples of the Russian Federation in the conditions of a multinational state;

5) creation of favorable conditions for the integration of the education system of the Russian Federation with the education systems of other states on an equal and mutually beneficial basis;

6) the secular nature of education in state and municipal organizations carrying out educational activities;

7) freedom of choice to receive education according to the inclinations and needs of a person, creating conditions for the self-realization of each person, the free development of his abilities, including the right to choose forms of education, forms of training, organizations carrying out educational activities, the direction of education within the limits provided by the education system, as well as providing teaching staff with freedom to choose forms of teaching, methods of teaching and education;

8) ensuring the right to education throughout life in accordance with the needs of the individual, the adaptability of the education system to the level of training, developmental characteristics, abilities and interests of the person;

9) autonomy of educational organizations, academic rights and freedoms of teaching staff and students provided for by this Federal Law, information openness and public reporting of educational organizations;

10) the democratic nature of education management, ensuring the rights of teaching staff, students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students to participate in the management of educational organizations;

11) inadmissibility of restricting or eliminating competition in the field of education;

12) a combination of state and contractual regulation of relations in the field of education.

2. The Government of the Russian Federation annually, as part of ensuring the implementation of a unified state policy in the field of education, submits to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation a report on the implementation of state policy in the field of education and publishes it on the official website of the Government of the Russian Federation on the information and telecommunications network "Internet" (hereinafter referred to as the network "Internet").

Article 4. Legal regulation of relations in the field of education

1. Relations in the field of education are regulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, this Federal Law, as well as other federal laws, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation containing rules governing relations in the field of education (hereinafter referred to as legislation about education).

2. The goals of legal regulation of relations in the field of education are the establishment of state guarantees, mechanisms for the implementation of human rights and freedoms in the field of education, creation of conditions for the development of the education system, protection of the rights and interests of participants in relations in the field of education.

3. The main objectives of the legal regulation of relations in the field of education are:

1) ensuring and protecting the constitutional right of citizens of the Russian Federation to education;

2) creation of legal, economic and financial conditions for the free functioning and development of the education system of the Russian Federation;

3) creation of legal guarantees to coordinate the interests of participants in relations in the field of education;

4) determination of the legal status of participants in relations in the field of education;

5) creation of conditions for foreign citizens and stateless persons to receive education in the Russian Federation;

6) division of powers in the field of education between federal government bodies, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local government bodies.

4. The rules governing relations in the field of education and contained in other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, legal acts of local government bodies must comply with this Federal Law and cannot limit the rights or reduce the level of guarantees provided in comparison with the guarantees established by this Federal Law.

5. In case of inconsistency between the norms regulating relations in the field of education and contained in other federal laws and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, laws and other normative legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, legal acts of local government bodies, the norms of this Federal Law, the norms of this Federal Law shall apply law, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law.

6. If an international treaty of the Russian Federation establishes rules other than those provided for by this Federal Law, the rules of the international treaty apply.

7. The legislation on education applies to all organizations carrying out educational activities on the territory of the Russian Federation.

8. Legislation on education in relation to the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, as well as organizations located on the territory of the Skolkovo innovation center and carrying out educational activities, is applied taking into account the specifics established by special federal laws.

9. For citizens serving in the federal public service in the positions of pedagogical and scientific-pedagogical workers, as well as for citizens serving in the federal public service and who are students, the legislation on education applies with the features provided for by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation on public service.

Article 5. Right to education. State guarantees of the realization of the right to education in the Russian Federation

1. In the Russian Federation, the right of every person to education is guaranteed.

2. The right to education in the Russian Federation is guaranteed regardless of gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property, social and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations, as well as other circumstances.

3. In the Russian Federation, universal access and freeness in accordance with federal state educational standards of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education, secondary vocational education are guaranteed, as well as free higher education on a competitive basis if a citizen receives education at this level for the first time.

4. In the Russian Federation, the realization of the right of every person to education is ensured by the creation by federal government bodies, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local government bodies of appropriate socio-economic conditions for receiving it, expanding opportunities to meet human needs in obtaining education of various levels and orientations in throughout life.

5. In order to realize the right of every person to education, federal government bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local government bodies:

1) the necessary conditions are created for persons with disabilities to receive, without discrimination, quality education, for the correction of developmental disorders and social adaptation, for the provision of early correctional assistance based on special pedagogical approaches and the most suitable languages, methods and means of communication and conditions for these persons, in contributing to the maximum extent to obtaining an education of a certain level and a certain direction, as well as the social development of these persons, including through the organization of inclusive education of persons with disabilities;

2) assistance is provided to persons who have demonstrated outstanding abilities and which, in accordance with this Federal Law, include students who have shown a high level of intellectual development and creative abilities in a certain area of ​​educational and research activities, in scientific, technical and artistic creativity, in physical culture and sports;

3) full or partial financial support is provided for the maintenance of persons in need of social support in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation during the period of their education.

Article 6. Powers of federal government bodies in the field of education

1. The powers of federal government bodies in the field of education include:

1) development and implementation of a unified state policy in the field of education;

2) organization of the provision of higher education, including provision of state guarantees for the implementation of the right to receive free higher education on a competitive basis;

3) organization of the provision of additional professional education in federal state educational organizations;

4) development, approval and implementation of state programs of the Russian Federation, federal target programs, implementation of international programs in the field of education;

5) creation, reorganization, liquidation of federal state educational organizations, implementation of the functions and powers of the founder of federal state educational organizations;

6) approval of federal state educational standards, establishment of federal state requirements;

7) licensing of educational activities:

a) organizations carrying out educational activities under educational programs of higher education;

b) federal state professional educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary vocational education in the fields of defense, production of products for defense orders, internal affairs, security, nuclear energy, transport and communications, high-tech production in specialties, the list of which is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;

c) Russian educational organizations located outside the territory of the Russian Federation, educational organizations created in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation, as well as diplomatic missions and consular offices of the Russian Federation, and representative offices of the Russian Federation at international (interstate, intergovernmental) organizations carrying out educational activities;

d) foreign educational organizations carrying out educational activities at the location of the branch on the territory of the Russian Federation;

8) state accreditation of educational activities of organizations carrying out educational activities and specified in paragraph 7 of this part, as well as foreign educational organizations carrying out educational activities outside the territory of the Russian Federation;

9) state control (supervision) in the field of education over the activities of organizations specified in paragraph 7 of this part, as well as executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising public administration in the field of education;

10) formation and maintenance of federal information systems, federal databases in the field of education, including ensuring the confidentiality of personal data contained in them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

11) establishment and conferment of state awards, honorary titles, departmental awards and titles to employees of the education system;

12) development of forecasts for personnel training, requirements for personnel training based on the forecast of labor market needs;

13) ensuring monitoring in the education system at the federal level;

14) exercise of other powers in the field of education established in accordance with this Federal Law.

2. Federal state bodies have the right to ensure the provision of publicly accessible and free general and secondary vocational education in federal state educational organizations.

Article 7. The powers of the Russian Federation in the field of education, transferred for implementation to state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

1. The powers of the Russian Federation in the field of education transferred for implementation to state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (hereinafter also referred to as transferred powers) include the following powers:

1) state control (supervision) in the field of education over the activities of organizations carrying out educational activities on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (with the exception of organizations specified in paragraph 7 of part 1 of Article 6 of this Federal Law), as well as local government bodies exercising management in the field education in the relevant territory;

2) licensing of educational activities of organizations carrying out educational activities on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (with the exception of organizations specified in paragraph 7 of part 1 of Article 6 of this Federal Law);

3) state accreditation of educational activities of organizations carrying out educational activities on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (with the exception of organizations specified in paragraph 7 of part 1 of Article 6 of this Federal Law);

4) confirmation of documents on education and (or) qualifications.

2. Financial support for the implementation of delegated powers, with the exception of the powers specified in part 10 of this article, is carried out at the expense of subventions from the federal budget, as well as within the limits of budgetary allocations provided for in the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation for these purposes, not less than in the amount of planned revenues to the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation from payment of state duty associated with the exercise of delegated powers and credited to the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Budget Code of the Russian Federation.

3. The total amount of subventions from the federal budget to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the implementation of delegated powers is determined on the basis of the methodology approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, based on:

1) the number of municipal districts and city districts on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, intra-city municipalities of federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg;

2) the number of organizations carrying out educational activities and their branches in respect of which the powers of state control (supervision) in the field of education, licensing of educational activities and state accreditation of educational activities have been transferred to government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

4. Funds for the implementation of delegated powers are earmarked and cannot be used for other purposes.

5. In the event that funds provided for the exercise of delegated powers are used for purposes other than their intended purpose, the federal executive body exercising control and supervision functions in the financial and budgetary sphere shall collect these funds in the manner established by the budgetary legislation of the Russian Federation.

6. The federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education:

1) adopts regulatory legal acts on the implementation of delegated powers, including administrative regulations for the provision of public services and the performance of government functions in the field of delegated powers, and also has the right to set target forecast indicators for the implementation of delegated powers;

2) coordinates the appointment of heads of executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation exercising delegated powers;

3) on the proposal of the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of education, submits to the Government of the Russian Federation proposals to withdraw the powers of the Russian Federation in the field of education, transferred for implementation to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, from the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation Federations;

4) based on the results of the annual report on the implementation by government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the delegated powers, prepares proposals for improving legislation on education.

7. The federal executive body exercising control and supervision functions in the field of education:

1) exercises control over the legal regulation carried out by government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on issues of delegated powers, with the right to send binding orders to repeal normative legal acts or to make changes to them;

2) exercises control and supervision over the completeness and quality of the implementation by public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of delegated powers with the right to conduct inspections of the relevant public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as the organizations carrying out educational activities specified in paragraph 1 of part 1 of this article, and has the right issuing binding orders to eliminate identified violations, sending proposals for the removal from office of officials of executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising delegated powers for non-execution or improper execution of these powers;

3) coordinates the structure of executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising delegated powers;

5) establishes requirements for the content and forms of reporting, as well as the procedure for submitting reports on the exercise of delegated powers;

6) analyzes the causes of identified violations in the exercise of delegated powers, takes measures to eliminate the identified violations;

7) submits to the federal executive body, which carries out the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, an annual report on the implementation by government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the delegated powers.

8. Highest official of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (head of the highest executive body of state power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation):

1) appoints to the position of heads of executive authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation exercising delegated powers, in agreement with the federal executive authority exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;

2) approves, in agreement with the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of education, the structure of the executive bodies of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation exercising the delegated powers;

3) organizes activities for the implementation of delegated powers in accordance with the legislation on education;

4) ensures the provision to the federal executive body exercising functions of control and supervision in the field of education:

a) a quarterly report on the expenditure of the provided subventions and on the achievement of target forecast indicators;

b) the required number of copies of normative legal acts adopted by government bodies of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation on issues of delegated powers;

c) information (including databases) necessary for the formation and maintenance of federal databases on issues of control and supervision in the field of education;

5) has the right, before the adoption of the regulatory legal acts specified in paragraph 1 of part 6 of this article, to approve administrative regulations for the provision of public services and the performance of public functions in the sphere of delegated powers, if these regulations do not contradict the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation (including additional requirements and restrictions not provided for by such acts regarding the implementation of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the rights and legitimate interests of organizations) and are developed taking into account the requirements for the regulations for the provision of public services by federal executive bodies and the performance of government functions.

9. Control over the expenditure of funds for the implementation of delegated powers is carried out within the established competence by the federal executive body exercising functions of control and supervision in the financial and budgetary sphere, the federal executive body exercising functions of control and supervision in the field of education, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.

10. Financial support for the implementation of delegated powers to confirm documents on education and (or) qualifications is carried out within the budget allocations provided for in the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation for these purposes, not less than in the amount of planned revenues to the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation from the payment of state duty, related to the exercise of delegated powers and credited to the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in accordance with the Budget Code of the Russian Federation.

Article 8. Powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of education

1. The powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of education include:

1) development and implementation of regional programs for the development of education, taking into account regional socio-economic, environmental, demographic, ethnocultural and other characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

2) creation, reorganization, liquidation of educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, implementation of the functions and powers of the founders of educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

3) provision of state guarantees for the implementation of the rights to receive public and free preschool education in municipal preschool educational organizations, public and free preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary general education in municipal general educational organizations, provision of additional education for children in municipal general educational organizations through the provision of subventions local budgets, including costs for wages, purchase of textbooks and teaching aids, teaching aids, games, toys (except for costs of maintaining buildings and paying for utilities), in accordance with the standards determined by government authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

4) organization of the provision of general education in state educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

5) creation of conditions for the supervision and care of children, maintenance of children in state educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

6) financial support for obtaining preschool education in private preschool educational organizations, preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary general education in private educational organizations carrying out educational activities according to basic general education programs that have state accreditation, by providing subsidies to these educational organizations to reimburse costs, including expenses for wages, purchase of textbooks and teaching aids, teaching aids, games, toys (excluding expenses for maintaining buildings and paying for utilities), in accordance with the standards specified in paragraph 3 of this part;

7) organization of the provision of secondary vocational education, including provision of state guarantees for the implementation of the right to receive public and free secondary vocational education;

8) organization of the provision of additional education for children in state educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

9) organization of the provision of additional professional education in state educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

10) organization of provision of municipal educational organizations and educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation with textbooks in accordance with the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education by organizations engaged in educational activities, and teaching aids, approved for use in the implementation of these educational programs;

11) ensuring monitoring in the education system at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

12) organizing the provision of psychological, pedagogical, medical and social assistance to students experiencing difficulties in mastering basic general education programs, their development and social adaptation;

13) exercise of other powers established by this Federal Law in the field of education.

2. State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to additional financial support for catering activities for students in municipal educational organizations and students in private educational organizations in basic general education programs that have state accreditation, as well as providing state support for additional education of children in municipal educational organizations.

3. State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have the right to ensure the organization of the provision of higher education on a competitive basis in educational organizations of higher education of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Article 9. Powers of local government bodies of municipal districts and city districts in the field of education

1. The powers of local government bodies of municipal districts and city districts to resolve issues of local importance in the field of education include:

1) organization of the provision of public and free preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary general education in basic general education programs in municipal educational organizations (with the exception of the powers to financially support the implementation of basic general education programs in accordance with federal state educational standards);

2) organization of the provision of additional education for children in municipal educational organizations (with the exception of additional education for children, the financial support of which is provided by state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation);

3) creation of conditions for the supervision and care of children, maintenance of children in municipal educational organizations;

4) creation, reorganization, liquidation of municipal educational organizations (with the exception of the creation by local governments of municipal districts of municipal educational organizations of higher education), implementation of the functions and powers of the founders of municipal educational organizations;

5) ensuring the maintenance of buildings and structures of municipal educational organizations, arrangement of territories adjacent to them;

6) registration of children subject to education in educational programs of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education, assignment of municipal educational organizations to specific territories of the municipal district, urban district;

7) exercise of other powers established by this Federal Law in the field of education.

2. In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation - the federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, the powers of local government bodies of intra-city municipalities in the field of education, including the assignment of educational organizations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to specific territories, are established by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation - the federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg.

3. Local government bodies of municipal districts have the right to exercise the functions of founders of municipal educational organizations of higher education that are under their jurisdiction as of December 31, 2008.

4. Local government bodies of urban districts have the right to ensure the organization of the provision of higher education on a competitive basis in municipal educational organizations of higher education.

Chapter 2. Education system

Article 10. Structure of the education system

1. The education system includes:

1) federal state educational standards and federal state requirements, educational standards, educational programs of various types, levels and (or) orientations;

2) organizations carrying out educational activities, teaching staff, students and parents (legal representatives) of minor students;

3) federal state bodies and government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, exercising public administration in the field of education, and local government bodies, exercising management in the field of education, advisory, advisory and other bodies created by them;

4) organizations providing educational activities, assessing the quality of education;

5) associations of legal entities, employers and their associations, public associations operating in the field of education.

2. Education is divided into general education, vocational education, additional education and vocational training, ensuring the possibility of realizing the right to education throughout life (continuing education).

3. General education and vocational education are implemented according to educational levels.

4. In the Russian Federation, the following levels of general education are established:

1) preschool education;

2) primary general education;

3) basic general education;

4) secondary general education.

5. The following levels of professional education are established in the Russian Federation:

1) secondary vocational education;

2) higher education - bachelor's degree;

3) higher education - specialty, master's degree;

4) higher education - training of highly qualified personnel.

6. Additional education includes such subtypes as additional education for children and adults and additional vocational education.

7. The education system creates conditions for lifelong education through the implementation of basic educational programs and various additional educational programs, providing the opportunity to simultaneously master several educational programs, as well as taking into account existing education, qualifications, and practical experience when receiving education.

Article 11. Federal state educational standards and federal state requirements. Educational standards

1. Federal state educational standards and federal state requirements provide:

1) the unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation;

2) continuity of basic educational programs;

3) variability in the content of educational programs at the appropriate level of education, the possibility of creating educational programs of various levels of complexity and focus, taking into account the educational needs and abilities of students;

4) state guarantees of the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs and the results of their development.

2. Federal state educational standards, with the exception of the federal state educational standard for preschool education, educational standards are the basis for an objective assessment of compliance with the established requirements of educational activities and training of students who have mastered educational programs of the appropriate level and appropriate focus, regardless of the form of education and form of training.

3. Federal state educational standards include requirements for:

1) the structure of the main educational programs (including the ratio of the compulsory part of the main educational program and the part formed by participants in educational relations) and their volume;

2) conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs, including personnel, financial, material, technical and other conditions;

3) the results of mastering basic educational programs.

4. Federal state educational standards establish the time frame for obtaining general education and vocational education, taking into account various forms of education, educational technologies and the characteristics of individual categories of students.

5. Federal state educational standards for general education are developed by level of education; federal state educational standards of vocational education can also be developed by profession, specialty and area of ​​training at the corresponding levels of vocational education.

6. In order to ensure the realization of the right to education of students with disabilities, federal state educational standards for the education of these persons are established or special requirements are included in the federal state educational standards.

7. When forming federal state educational standards for vocational education, the provisions of the relevant professional standards are taken into account.

8. Lists of professions, specialties and areas of training indicating the qualifications assigned to the relevant professions, specialties and areas of training, the procedure for the formation of these lists are approved by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. When approving new lists of professions, specialties and areas of training by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, the correspondence of the individual professions, specialties and areas of training indicated in these lists with the professions, specialties and areas of training may be established. specified in the previous lists of professions, specialties and areas of training.

9. The procedure for developing, approving federal state educational standards and introducing amendments to them is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

10. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University, educational organizations of higher education, in respect of which the category “federal university” or “national research university” is established, as well as federal state educational organizations of higher education, a list of which approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, has the right to independently develop and approve educational standards at all levels of higher education. Requirements for the conditions for the implementation and results of mastering educational programs of higher education, included in such educational standards, cannot be lower than the corresponding requirements of federal state educational standards.

Article 12. Educational programs

1. Educational programs determine the content of education. The content of education should promote mutual understanding and cooperation between people and peoples, regardless of racial, national, ethnic, religious and social affiliation, take into account the diversity of ideological approaches, promote the realization of the students' right to free choice of opinions and beliefs, ensure the development of the abilities of each person, the formation and development of his individuals in accordance with the spiritual, moral and sociocultural values ​​accepted in the family and society. The content of vocational education and vocational training must provide qualifications.

2. In the Russian Federation, basic educational programs are implemented at the levels of general and vocational education, vocational training, and additional educational programs for additional education.

3. The main educational programs include:

1) basic general education programs - educational programs of preschool education, educational programs of primary general education, educational programs of basic general education, educational programs of secondary general education;

2) basic professional educational programs:

a) educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for qualified workers, employees, training programs for mid-level specialists;

b) educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialty programs, master's programs, training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school (postgraduate studies), residency programs, assistantship-internship programs;

3) basic vocational training programs - vocational training programs for blue-collar professions, white-collar positions, retraining programs for blue-collar workers, white-collar workers, advanced training programs for blue-collar workers, white-collar workers.

4. Additional educational programs include:

1) additional general education programs - additional general developmental programs, additional pre-professional programs;

2) additional professional programs - advanced training programs, professional retraining programs.

5. Educational programs are independently developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law.

6. Educational programs for preschool education are developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities in accordance with the federal state educational standard for preschool education and taking into account the corresponding exemplary educational programs for preschool education.

7. Organizations carrying out educational activities according to educational programs that have state accreditation (with the exception of educational programs of higher education implemented on the basis of educational standards approved by educational organizations of higher education independently), develop educational programs in accordance with federal state educational standards and taking into account the relevant approximate basic educational programs.

8. Educational organizations of higher education, which in accordance with this Federal Law have the right to independently develop and approve educational standards, develop appropriate educational programs of higher education on the basis of such educational standards.

9. Exemplary basic educational programs are developed taking into account their level and focus on the basis of federal state educational standards, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law.

10. Based on the results of the examination, exemplary basic educational programs are included in the register of exemplary basic educational programs, which is a state information system. The information contained in the register of exemplary basic educational programs is publicly available.

11. The procedure for developing exemplary basic educational programs, conducting their examination and maintaining a register of exemplary basic educational programs, features of the development, conducting examination and inclusion in such a register of exemplary basic professional educational programs containing information constituting a state secret, and exemplary basic professional educational programs in areas of information security, as well as organizations that are granted the right to maintain a register of exemplary basic educational programs, are established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law.

12. Authorized government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are involved in the examination of approximate basic general education programs, taking into account their level and focus (in terms of taking into account regional, national and ethnocultural characteristics).

13. The development of exemplary programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate study is provided by federal executive authorities, in which the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for military or other equivalent service, service in internal affairs bodies, service in agencies for control of the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances , sample assistantship-internship programs - the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of culture, sample residency programs - the federal executive body performing the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare .

14. Authorized federal state bodies, in cases established by this Federal Law, develop and approve exemplary additional professional programs or standard additional professional programs, in accordance with which organizations carrying out educational activities develop corresponding additional professional programs.

15. Authorized federal state bodies, in cases established by this Federal Law and other federal laws, develop and approve exemplary vocational training programs or standard vocational training programs, in accordance with which organizations carrying out educational activities develop appropriate vocational training programs.

Article 13. General requirements for the implementation of educational programs

1. Educational programs are implemented by the organization carrying out educational activities, both independently and through network forms of their implementation.

2. When implementing educational programs, various educational technologies are used, including distance learning technologies and e-learning.

3. When implementing educational programs by an organization carrying out educational activities, a form of organizing educational activities may be used, based on the modular principle of presenting the content of the educational program and constructing curricula, and using appropriate educational technologies.

4. To determine the structure of professional educational programs and the labor intensity of their development, a system of credit units can be used. A credit unit is a unified unit of measurement of the labor intensity of a student’s academic workload, which includes all types of his educational activities provided for by the curriculum (including classroom and independent work), practice.

5. The number of credit units in the main professional educational program for a specific profession, specialty or area of ​​training is established by the relevant federal state educational standard, educational standard. The number of credit units for an additional professional program is established by the organization carrying out educational activities.

6. Basic professional educational programs provide for practical training for students.

7. The organization of practical training provided for by the educational program is carried out by organizations carrying out educational activities on the basis of agreements with organizations carrying out activities under the educational program of the relevant profile. The internship can be carried out directly in an organization carrying out educational activities.

8. Regulations on the practice of students mastering basic professional educational programs and its types are approved by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

9. The use of methods and means of training and education, educational technologies that are harmful to the physical or mental health of students in the implementation of educational programs is prohibited.

10. Federal state bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising public administration in the field of education, local government bodies exercising management in the field of education do not have the right to change the curriculum and calendar educational schedule of organizations carrying out educational activities.

11. The procedure for organizing and carrying out educational activities for relevant educational programs of various levels and (or) focus or for the corresponding type of education is established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, unless otherwise established herein Federal law.

Article 14. Language of education

1. In the Russian Federation, education is guaranteed in the state language of the Russian Federation, as well as the choice of the language of instruction and upbringing within the limits of the possibilities provided by the education system.

2. In educational organizations, educational activities are carried out in the state language of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise established by this article. Teaching and learning of the state language of the Russian Federation within the framework of educational programs with state accreditation are carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards and educational standards.

3. In state and municipal educational organizations located on the territory of the republic of the Russian Federation, teaching and learning of the state languages ​​of the republics of the Russian Federation may be introduced in accordance with the legislation of the republics of the Russian Federation. Teaching and studying the state languages ​​of the republics of the Russian Federation within the framework of educational programs with state accreditation are carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards and educational standards. The teaching and study of the state languages ​​of the republics of the Russian Federation should not be carried out to the detriment of the teaching and study of the state language of the Russian Federation.

4. Citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to receive preschool, primary general and basic general education in their native language from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation, as well as the right to study their native language from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation within the capabilities provided by the education system, in accordance with established by the legislation on education. The implementation of these rights is ensured by the creation of the required number of relevant educational organizations, classes, groups, as well as conditions for their functioning. Teaching and learning of the native language from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation within the framework of educational programs with state accreditation are carried out in accordance with federal state educational standards and educational standards.

5. Education can be obtained in a foreign language in accordance with the educational program and in the manner established by the legislation on education and local regulations of the organization carrying out educational activities.

6. The language and languages ​​of education are determined by local regulations of the organization carrying out educational activities according to the educational programs it implements, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 15. Network form of implementation of educational programs

1. The network form of implementation of educational programs (hereinafter referred to as the network form) provides the opportunity for students to master an educational program using the resources of several organizations carrying out educational activities, including foreign ones, and also, if necessary, using the resources of other organizations. In the implementation of educational programs using a network form, along with organizations carrying out educational activities, scientific organizations, medical organizations, cultural organizations, physical education, sports and other organizations that have the resources necessary to carry out training, conduct educational and practical training and implement other types of educational activities provided for by the relevant educational program.

2. The use of the network form of implementation of educational programs is carried out on the basis of an agreement between the organizations specified in part 1 of this article. To organize the implementation of educational programs using a network form by several organizations engaged in educational activities, such organizations also jointly develop and approve educational programs.

3. The agreement on the network form of implementation of educational programs specifies:

1) type, level and (or) focus of the educational program (part of an educational program of a certain level, type and focus), implemented using a network form;

2) the status of students in the organizations specified in part 1 of this article, the rules for admission to study in an educational program implemented using an online form, the procedure for organizing academic mobility of students (for students in basic professional educational programs) mastering an educational program implemented using network form;

3) the conditions and procedure for carrying out educational activities under an educational program implemented through a network form, including the distribution of responsibilities between the organizations specified in part 1 of this article, the procedure for implementing the educational program, the nature and volume of resources used by each organization implementing educational programs through network form;

4) issued document or documents on education and (or) qualifications, document or documents on training, as well as organizations carrying out educational activities that issue these documents;

5) the duration of the agreement, the procedure for its amendment and termination.

Article 16. Implementation of educational programs using e-learning and distance learning technologies

1. E-learning is understood as the organization of educational activities using the information contained in databases and used in the implementation of educational programs and the information technologies, technical means that ensure its processing, as well as information and telecommunication networks that ensure the transmission of the specified information via communication lines, the interaction of students and teaching staff. Distance educational technologies are understood as educational technologies implemented mainly using information and telecommunication networks with indirect (at a distance) interaction between students and teaching staff.

2. Organizations carrying out educational activities have the right to use e-learning and distance educational technologies in the implementation of educational programs in the manner established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

3. When implementing educational programs using exclusively e-learning, distance learning technologies, in an organization carrying out educational activities, conditions must be created for the functioning of an electronic information and educational environment, including electronic information resources, electronic educational resources, a set of information technologies, telecommunications technologies, appropriate technological means and ensuring that students master educational programs in full, regardless of the location of the students. The list of professions, specialties and areas of training, the implementation of educational programs for which is not allowed using exclusively e-learning and distance learning technologies, is approved by the federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

4. When implementing educational programs using e-learning, distance learning technologies, the place of implementation of educational activities is the location of the organization carrying out educational activities or its branch, regardless of the location of the students.

5. When implementing educational programs using e-learning, distance learning technologies, the organization carrying out educational activities ensures the protection of information that constitutes a state or other secret protected by law.

Article 17. Forms of education and forms of training

1. In the Russian Federation, education can be obtained:

1) in organizations carrying out educational activities;

2) outside organizations carrying out educational activities (in the form of family education and self-education).

2. Training in organizations engaged in educational activities, taking into account the needs, capabilities of the individual and depending on the volume of compulsory activities of the teaching staff with students, is carried out in full-time, part-time or correspondence form.

3. Education in the form of family education and self-education is carried out with the right to subsequently pass, in accordance with Part 3 of Article 34 of this Federal Law, intermediate and state final certification in organizations carrying out educational activities.

4. A combination of various forms of education and forms of training is allowed.

5. Forms of education and forms of training in the basic educational program for each level of education, profession, specialty and area of ​​training are determined by the relevant federal state educational standards, educational standards, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law. Forms of training for additional educational programs and basic vocational training programs are determined by the organization carrying out educational activities independently, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Article 18. Printed and electronic educational and information resources

1. In organizations carrying out educational activities, in order to ensure the implementation of educational programs, libraries are formed, including digital (electronic) libraries that provide access to professional databases, information reference and search systems, as well as other information resources. The library fund must be equipped with printed and (or) electronic educational publications (including textbooks and teaching aids), methodological and periodicals on all academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules) included in the implemented basic educational programs.

2. The standards for the provision of educational activities with educational publications per student in the main educational program are established by the relevant federal state educational standards.

3. Educational publications used in the implementation of educational programs for preschool education are determined by the organization carrying out educational activities, taking into account the requirements of federal state educational standards, as well as exemplary educational programs for preschool education and exemplary educational programs for primary general education.

4. Organizations carrying out educational activities according to state accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education, for use in the implementation of these educational programs choose:

1) textbooks from those included in the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of educational programs of primary general, basic general, and secondary general education that have state accreditation;

2) teaching aids issued by organizations included in the list of organizations that produce teaching aids that are allowed for use in the implementation of educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education that have state accreditation.

5. The federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education by organizations engaged in educational activities includes lists of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of the compulsory part of the basic educational program and parts formed by participants in educational relations, including textbooks that take into account the regional and ethnocultural characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the implementation of the rights of citizens to receive education in their native language from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation and the study of their native language from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation and the literature of the peoples of Russia in native language.

6. Textbooks are included in the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, and secondary general education, based on the results of the examination. Participate in carrying out this examination of textbooks in order to ensure that the regional and ethnocultural characteristics of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are taken into account, the realization of the rights of citizens to receive education in their native language from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation and the study of their native language from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation and the literature of the peoples of Russia in their native language authorized government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

7. The procedure for the formation of a federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education that have state accreditation, including the criteria and procedure for conducting the examination, the form of the expert opinion, as well as the grounds and procedure for excluding textbooks from the specified The federal list is approved by the federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

8. The procedure for selecting organizations that produce textbooks that are allowed to be used in the implementation of educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education that have state accreditation, the list of such organizations is approved by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and regulatory legal regulation in the field of education. Authorized government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation participate in the selection of organizations that produce textbooks in the native language from among the languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation and literature of the peoples of Russia in their native language.

9. When implementing professional educational programs, educational publications are used, including electronic ones, determined by the organization carrying out educational activities.

Article 19. Scientific, methodological and resource support for the education system

1. In the education system, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, scientific research organizations and design organizations, design bureaus, educational and experimental farms, experimental stations, as well as organizations carrying out scientific-methodological, methodological, resource and information and technological support for educational activities and management of the education system, assessment of the quality of education.

2. In order to participate in teaching, research, and employer representatives in the development of federal state educational standards, exemplary educational programs, coordination of the actions of organizations engaged in educational activities, in ensuring the quality and development of the content of education in the education system, educational and methodological associations may be created.

3. Educational and methodological associations in the education system are created by federal executive authorities and executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation that carry out public administration in the field of education, and carry out their activities in accordance with the provisions approved by these bodies. Model regulations on educational and methodological associations in the education system are approved by the federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

4. Educational and methodological associations on a voluntary basis include teaching staff, researchers and other employees of organizations carrying out educational activities and other organizations operating in the education system, including representatives of employers.

Article 20. Experimental and innovative activities in the field of education

1. Experimental and innovative activities in the field of education are carried out in order to ensure the modernization and development of the education system, taking into account the main directions of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, the implementation of priority directions of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education.

2. Experimental activities are aimed at the development, testing and implementation of new educational technologies, educational resources and are carried out in the form of experiments, the procedure and conditions for which are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

3. Innovative activities are focused on improving scientific-pedagogical, educational-methodological, organizational, legal, financial-economic, personnel, material and technical support of the education system and are carried out in the form of the implementation of innovative projects and programs by organizations carrying out educational activities and other operating in in the field of education by organizations, as well as their associations. When implementing an innovative project or program, the rights and legitimate interests of participants in educational relations must be ensured, the provision and receipt of education, the level and quality of which cannot be lower than the requirements established by the federal state educational standard, federal state requirements, and educational standards.

4. In order to create conditions for the implementation of innovative projects and programs that are essential for ensuring the development of the education system, the organizations specified in part 3 of this article and implementing the specified innovative projects and programs are recognized as federal or regional innovation platforms and constitute the innovation infrastructure in the system education. The procedure for the formation and functioning of innovation infrastructure in the education system (including the procedure for recognizing an organization as a federal innovation platform), the list of federal innovation platforms are established by the federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education. The procedure for recognizing organizations specified in Part 3 of this article as regional innovation platforms is established by government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

5. Federal state bodies and state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, exercising public administration in the field of education, within the framework of their powers, create conditions for the implementation of innovative educational projects, programs and the implementation of their results in practice.

Chapter 3. Persons carrying out educational activities

Article 21. Educational activities

1. Educational activities are carried out by educational organizations and, in cases established by this Federal Law, by organizations providing training, as well as individual entrepreneurs.

2. Organizations providing training and individual entrepreneurs, their students, teaching staff employed in organizations providing training or individual entrepreneurs are subject to the rights, social guarantees, duties and responsibilities of educational organizations, students and teaching staff of such educational institutions. organizations.

Article 22. Creation, reorganization, liquidation of educational organizations

1. An educational organization is created in the form established by civil legislation for non-profit organizations.

2. Theological educational organizations are created in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on freedom of conscience, freedom of religion and religious associations.

3. The authorized federal executive body carrying out state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs (its territorial body), in the manner and within the time limits established by the legislation on state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, notifies the federal executive body exercising control functions and supervision in the field of education, or the executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation exercising the delegated powers of the Russian Federation to license educational activities, on the state registration of an educational organization.

4. An educational organization, depending on who created it, is state, municipal or private.

5. A state educational organization is an educational organization created by the Russian Federation or a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

6. A municipal educational organization is an educational organization created by a municipal entity (municipal district or city district).

7. A private educational organization is an educational organization created in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation by an individual or individuals and (or) a legal entity, legal entities or their associations, with the exception of foreign religious organizations.

8. Educational organizations implementing educational programs of higher education in the field of defense and state security, ensuring law and order, can only be created by the Russian Federation.

9. Educational organizations for students with deviant (socially dangerous) behavior who need special conditions of education, training and require a special pedagogical approach (special educational institutions of open and closed types) (hereinafter referred to as educational institutions) are created by the Russian Federation or subject of the Russian Federation.

10. The educational organization is reorganized or liquidated in the manner established by civil legislation, taking into account the features provided for by the legislation on education.

11. The adoption by a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local government body of a decision on the reorganization or liquidation of a state and (or) municipal educational organization is permitted on the basis of a positive conclusion of a commission assessing the consequences of such a decision.

12. Making a decision on the reorganization or liquidation of a municipal educational organization located in a rural settlement is not allowed without taking into account the opinions of the residents of this rural settlement.

13. The procedure for assessing the consequences of a decision on the reorganization or liquidation of a federal state educational organization, including the criteria for this assessment (by type of federal state educational organizations), the procedure for creating a commission to assess the consequences of such a decision and its preparation of conclusions are established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

14. The procedure for assessing the consequences of a decision on the reorganization or liquidation of an educational organization under the jurisdiction of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, a municipal educational organization, including the criteria for this assessment (by type of educational organization), the procedure for creating a commission to assess the consequences of such a decision and its preparation of conclusions are established by the authorized government body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

15. The creation, reorganization and liquidation of international (interstate) educational organizations are carried out in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation.

Article 23. Types of educational organizations

1. Educational organizations are divided into types in accordance with educational programs, the implementation of which is the main goal of their activities.

2. In the Russian Federation, the following types of educational organizations are established that implement basic educational programs:

1) preschool educational organization - an educational organization that, as the main goal of its activities, carries out educational activities according to educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care for children;

2) general educational organization - an educational organization that carries out educational activities according to educational programs of primary general, basic general and (or) secondary general education as the main goal of its activities;

3) professional educational organization - an educational organization that carries out educational activities according to educational programs of secondary vocational education as the main goal of its activities;

4) educational organization of higher education - an educational organization that carries out educational activities according to educational programs of higher education and scientific activities as the main goal of its activities.

3. In the Russian Federation, the following types of educational organizations implementing additional educational programs are established:

1) organization of additional education - an educational organization that carries out educational activities in additional general education programs as the main goal of its activities;

2) organization of additional professional education - an educational organization that carries out educational activities in additional professional programs as the main goal of its activities.

4. Educational organizations specified in parts 2 and 3 of this article have the right to carry out educational activities according to the following educational programs, the implementation of which is not the main goal of their activities:

1) preschool educational organizations - additional general developmental programs;

2) general educational organizations - educational programs of preschool education, additional general education programs, vocational training programs;

3) professional educational organizations - basic general education programs, vocational training programs, additional general education programs, additional professional programs;

4) educational organizations of higher education - basic general education programs, educational programs of secondary vocational education, vocational training programs, additional general education programs, additional professional programs;

5) organizations of additional education - educational programs of preschool education, vocational training programs;

6) organizations of additional professional education - training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel, residency programs, additional general education programs, vocational training programs.

5. The name of the educational organization must contain an indication of its organizational and legal form and the type of educational organization.

6. The name of the educational organization may use names indicating the features of the educational activities carried out (the level and focus of educational programs, integration of various types of educational programs, content of the educational program, special conditions for their implementation and (or) special educational needs of students), as well as additionally functions performed related to the provision of education (content, treatment, rehabilitation, correction, psychological and pedagogical support, boarding school, research, technological activities and other functions).

Article 24. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University. Categories of educational organizations of higher education

1. Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, St. Petersburg State University are the leading classical universities of the Russian Federation. Features of the legal status of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov and St. Petersburg State University are determined by a special federal law.

2. In the Russian Federation, in relation to educational organizations of higher education, the Government of the Russian Federation may establish the categories “federal university” and “national research university”. When establishing an educational organization of higher education of the category " federal university" or " national research university“The name of such an organization includes an indication of the established category.

3. In order to ensure training for the comprehensive socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation on behalf of the Russian Federation may create an educational organization of higher education in the form of an autonomous institution, which establishes a category "federal university". When creating a federal university, the Government of the Russian Federation takes into account proposals from the legislative and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, prepared on the basis of programs for the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

4. The development of federal universities is carried out within the framework of programs developed by federal universities, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation and providing for the conditions for implementation and criteria for assessing the effectiveness of educational activities, integration of educational and research activities, modernization and improvement of the material and technical base and socio-cultural infrastructure, integration into the global educational space.

5. The category “national research university” is established by an educational organization of higher education based on the results of the competitive selection of development programs of educational organizations of higher education, aimed at staffing priority areas for the development of science, technology, engineering, economic sectors, social sphere, for the development and introduction into production of high technologies. The procedure for competitive selection of development programs for educational organizations of higher education (including the conditions for their financial support) is established by the Government of the Russian Federation. The list of indicators, criteria and frequency of assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of development programs for national research universities are established by the federal executive body responsible for developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

6. Based on the results of assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of development programs, an educational organization of higher education may be deprived of its category by the Government of the Russian Federation "national research university".

Article 25. Charter of an educational organization

1. An educational organization operates on the basis of a charter approved in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

2. The charter of an educational organization must contain, along with the information provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the following information:

1) type of educational organization;

2) the founder or founders of the educational organization;

3) types of educational programs being implemented, indicating the level of education and (or) focus;

4) the structure and competence of the governing bodies of the educational organization, the procedure for their formation and terms of office.

3. An educational organization must create conditions for familiarizing all employees, students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students with its charter.

Article 26. Management of an educational organization

1. Management of an educational organization is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, taking into account the specifics established by this Federal Law.

2. Management of an educational organization is carried out on the basis of a combination of the principles of unity of command and collegiality.

3. The sole executive body of an educational organization is the head of the educational organization (rector, director, head, chief or other manager), who carries out the current management of the activities of the educational organization.

4. In an educational organization, collegial governing bodies are formed, which include a general meeting (conference) of employees of an educational organization (in a professional educational organization and an educational organization of higher education - a general meeting (conference) of employees and students of an educational organization), a pedagogical council (in an educational organization higher education - academic council), and a board of trustees, a management board, a supervisory board and other collegial governing bodies provided for by the charter of the relevant educational organization can also be formed.

5. The structure, procedure for formation, term of office and competence of the governing bodies of an educational organization, the procedure for making decisions and speaking on behalf of the educational organization are established by the charter of the educational organization in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

6. In order to take into account the opinions of students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students and teaching staff on issues of management of an educational organization and when an educational organization adopts local regulations affecting their rights and legitimate interests, on the initiative of students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students and teaching staff in educational organizations:

1) councils of students are created (in a professional educational organization and educational organization of higher education - student councils), councils of parents (legal representatives) of minor students or other bodies (hereinafter - councils of students, councils of parents);

2) there are trade unions of students and (or) employees of educational organizations (hereinafter referred to as representative bodies of students, representative bodies of employees).

Article 27. Structure of an educational organization

1. Educational organizations are independent in forming their structure, unless otherwise established by federal laws.

2. An educational organization may have in its structure various structural units that ensure the implementation of educational activities, taking into account the level, type and focus of educational programs being implemented, the form of education and mode of stay of students (branches, representative offices, departments, faculties, institutes, centers, departments, preparatory departments and courses, research, methodological and educational departments, laboratories, design bureaus, educational and production workshops, clinics, educational and experimental farms, training grounds, educational practice bases, educational and demonstration centers, educational theaters, exhibitions halls, educational circus arenas, educational dance and opera studios, educational concert halls, artistic and creative workshops, libraries, museums, sports clubs, student sports clubs, school sports clubs, dormitories, boarding schools, psychological and socio-pedagogical services that ensure social adaptation and rehabilitation of students in need, and other structural units provided for by local regulations of the educational organization).

3. Professional educational organizations and educational organizations of higher education may create departments and other structural units that provide practical training for students, on the basis of other organizations operating in the profile of the relevant educational program, in the manner established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing the state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

4. Structural units of an educational organization, including branches and representative offices, are not legal entities and act on the basis of the charter of the educational organization and the regulations on the corresponding structural unit, approved in the manner established by the charter of the educational organization. Carrying out educational activities in the representative office of an educational organization is prohibited.

5. A branch of an educational organization is created and liquidated in the manner established by civil legislation, taking into account the features provided for by this Federal Law.

6. The adoption by a federal executive body, an executive body of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a local government body of a decision to liquidate a branch of a state and (or) municipal preschool educational organization or general education organization is carried out in the manner established by parts 11 and 12 of Article 22 of this Federal Law.

7. Branches of federal state educational organizations of higher education are created and liquidated by the founder in agreement with the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

8. The creation of branches of state educational organizations under the jurisdiction of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, or municipal educational organizations on the territory of another constituent entity of the Russian Federation or the territory of a municipal entity is carried out in agreement, respectively, with the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation exercising public administration in the field of education, and the authority local government that carries out management in the field of education, at the location of the created branch.

9. A representative office of an educational organization is opened and closed by an educational organization.

10. The creation or liquidation of a branch or representative office of an educational organization on the territory of a foreign state is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the foreign state at the location of the branch or representative office, unless otherwise established by international treaties of the Russian Federation.

11. The financial and economic activities of an educational organization at the location of its branch or representative office located on the territory of a foreign state are carried out in accordance with the legislation of that foreign state.

12. In state and municipal educational organizations, the creation and activities of political parties and religious organizations (associations) are not allowed.

Article 28. Competence, rights, duties and responsibilities of an educational organization

1. An educational organization has autonomy, which means independence in the implementation of educational, scientific, administrative, financial and economic activities, development and adoption of local regulations in accordance with this Federal Law, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the charter of the educational organization.

2. Educational organizations are free to determine the content of education, choose educational and methodological support, educational technologies for the educational programs they implement.

3. The competence of an educational organization in the established field of activity includes:

1) development and adoption of internal regulations for students, internal labor regulations, and other local regulations;

2) material and technical support for educational activities, equipment of premises in accordance with state and local norms and requirements, including in accordance with federal state educational standards, federal state requirements, educational standards;

3) providing the founder and the public with an annual report on the receipt and expenditure of financial and material resources, as well as a report on the results of self-examination;

4) establishment of a staffing table, unless otherwise established by regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation;

5) hiring employees, concluding and terminating employment contracts with them, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law, distributing job responsibilities, creating conditions and organizing additional professional education for employees;

6) development and approval of educational programs of an educational organization;

7) development and approval, in agreement with the founder, of a development program for an educational organization, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law;

8) admission of students to an educational organization;

9) determination of the list of textbooks in accordance with the approved federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education by organizations engaged in educational activities, as well as teaching aids approved for use in the implementation of these educational programs programs by such organizations;

10) carrying out ongoing monitoring of academic performance and intermediate certification of students, establishing their forms, frequency and procedure;

11) individual recording of the results of students’ mastery of educational programs, as well as storage in archives of information about these results on paper and (or) electronic media;

12) use and improvement of teaching and educational methods, educational technologies, e-learning;

13) conducting self-examination, ensuring the functioning of the internal system for assessing the quality of education;

14) ensuring in an educational organization that has a boarding school the necessary conditions for keeping students;

15) creation of the necessary conditions for protecting and promoting health, organizing nutrition for students and employees of an educational organization;

16) creating conditions for students to engage in physical education and sports;

17) acquisition or production of forms of documents on education and (or) qualifications;

18) establishing requirements for students’ clothing, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law or the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

19) assistance in the activities of public associations of students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students, carried out in an educational organization and not prohibited by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

20) organization of scientific and methodological work, including organization and holding of scientific and methodological conferences and seminars;

21) ensuring the creation and maintenance of the official website of the educational organization on the Internet;

22) other issues in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

4. Educational organizations of higher education carry out scientific and (or) creative activities, and also have the right to train scientific personnel (doctoral studies). Other educational organizations have the right to conduct scientific and (or) creative activities in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, if such activities are provided for by their charters.

5. An educational organization has the right to conduct consulting, educational activities, activities in the field of protecting the health of citizens and other activities that do not contradict the goals of creating an educational organization, including organizing recreation and health improvement for students during the holidays (with round-the-clock or daytime stay).

6. An educational organization is obliged to carry out its activities in accordance with the legislation on education, including:

1) ensure the full implementation of educational programs, compliance of the quality of training of students with established requirements, compliance of the forms, means, methods of training and education used with the age, psychophysical characteristics, inclinations, abilities, interests and needs of students;

2) create safe conditions for training, education of students, supervision and care of students, their maintenance in accordance with established standards that ensure the life and health of students and employees of the educational organization;

3) respect the rights and freedoms of students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students, and employees of an educational organization.

7. An educational organization is responsible in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation for failure to perform or improper performance of functions within its competence, for the implementation of educational programs not in full in accordance with the curriculum, the quality of education of its graduates, as well as for the life and health of students , employees of an educational organization. For violation or illegal restriction of the right to education and the rights and freedoms of students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students provided for by the legislation on education, violation of the requirements for the organization and implementation of educational activities, the educational organization and its officials bear administrative responsibility in accordance with the Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses.

Article 29. Information openness of an educational organization

1. Educational organizations create open and publicly accessible information resources containing information about their activities, and provide access to such resources by posting them in information and telecommunication networks, including on the official website of the educational organization on the Internet.

2. Educational organizations ensure openness and accessibility:

1) information:

a) on the date of creation of the educational organization, on the founder, founders of the educational organization, on the location of the educational organization and its branches (if any), mode, work schedule, contact numbers and email addresses;

b) about the structure and governing bodies of the educational organization;

c) about the educational programs being implemented, indicating the academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practices provided for by the relevant educational program;

d) on the number of students in educational programs being implemented at the expense of budgetary allocations from the federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets and under educational agreements at the expense of individuals and (or) legal entities;

e) about languages ​​of education;

f) on federal state educational standards, on educational standards (if any);

g) about the head of the educational organization, his deputies, heads of branches of the educational organization (if any);

h) on the personnel of teaching staff, indicating the level of education, qualifications and work experience;

i) on the material and technical support of educational activities (including the availability of equipped classrooms, facilities for conducting practical classes, libraries, sports facilities, training and education facilities, food conditions and health protection for students, access to information systems and information -telecommunication networks, about electronic educational resources to which students have access);

j) on the directions and results of scientific (research) activities and the research base for its implementation (for educational organizations of higher education, organizations of additional professional education);

k) on the results of admission for each profession, specialty of secondary vocational education (if there are entrance tests), each area of ​​training or specialty of higher education with different conditions of admission (for places financed from budgetary allocations of the federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets , under educational contracts at the expense of individuals and (or) legal entities) indicating the average amount of points scored for all entrance examinations, as well as the results of transfer, reinstatement and expulsion;

l) on the number of vacant places for admission (transfer) for each educational program, profession, specialty, area of ​​training (for places financed from budgetary allocations of the federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets, under educational agreements at the expense of funds individuals and (or) legal entities);

m) on the availability and conditions for providing students with scholarships and social support measures;

o) on the availability of a dormitory, boarding school, the number of residential premises in the dormitory, boarding school for nonresident students, the formation of fees for accommodation in the dormitory;

o) on the volume of educational activities, the financial support of which is carried out at the expense of budgetary allocations from the federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets, under educational agreements at the expense of individuals and (or) legal entities;

p) on the receipt of financial and material resources and their expenditure at the end of the financial year;

c) on the employment of graduates;

2) copies:

a) the charter of the educational organization;

b) licenses to carry out educational activities (with attachments);

c) certificates of state accreditation (with attachments);

d) a plan for the financial and economic activities of an educational organization, approved in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, or the budget estimate of an educational organization;

e) local regulations provided for in Part 2 of Article 30 of this Federal Law, internal regulations of students, internal labor regulations, collective agreement;

3) report on the results of self-examination. The performance indicators of an educational organization subject to self-examination and the procedure for conducting it are established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;

4) a document on the procedure for the provision of paid educational services, including a sample agreement on the provision of paid educational services, a document on approval of the cost of training for each educational program;

5) instructions from bodies exercising state control (supervision) in the field of education, reports on the implementation of such instructions;

6) other information that is posted, published by decision of the educational organization and (or) placement, the publication of which is mandatory in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3. Information and documents specified in part 2 of this article, if in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation they are not classified as information constituting state or other secrets protected by law, are subject to posting on the official website of the educational organization on the Internet and updating within ten working days from the date of their creation, receipt or appropriate changes to them. The procedure for posting on the official website of an educational organization on the Internet and updating information about an educational organization, including its content and the form of its provision, is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Article 30. Local regulations containing norms regulating educational relations

1. An educational organization adopts local regulations containing norms regulating educational relations (hereinafter referred to as local regulations), within its competence in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the manner established by its charter.

2. The educational organization adopts local regulations on the main issues of the organization and implementation of educational activities, including the regulating rules for the admission of students, the schedule of students’ classes, the forms, frequency and procedure for ongoing monitoring of progress and intermediate certification of students, the procedure and grounds for transfer, expulsion and reinstatement students, the procedure for registering the emergence, suspension and termination of relations between the educational organization and students and (or) parents (legal representatives) of minor students.

3. When adopting local regulations affecting the rights of students and employees of an educational organization, the opinions of student councils, parent councils, representative bodies of students, as well as in the manner and in cases provided for by labor legislation, representative bodies of workers (if there are such representative bodies) are taken into account ).

4. Norms of local regulations that worsen the situation of students or employees of an educational organization in comparison with the provisions established by education legislation, labor legislation, or adopted in violation of the established procedure, are not applied and are subject to cancellation by the educational organization.

1. Students are granted academic rights to:

1) the choice of an organization carrying out educational activities, the form of education and the form of training after receiving basic general education or after reaching eighteen years of age;

2) providing conditions for learning, taking into account the characteristics of their psychophysical development and health status, including receiving socio-pedagogical and psychological assistance, free psychological, medical and pedagogical correction;

3) training according to an individual curriculum, including accelerated training, within the limits of the educational program being mastered in the manner established by local regulations;

4) participation in the formation of the content of one’s professional education, subject to compliance with federal state educational standards of secondary vocational and higher education, educational standards in the manner established by local regulations (this right may be limited by the terms of the agreement on targeted training);

5) selection of optional (optional for a given level of education, profession, specialty or area of ​​training) and elective (mandatory) academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules) from the list offered by the organization carrying out educational activities (after receiving basic general education );

6) mastering, along with academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules) in the educational program being mastered, any other academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules) taught in the organization carrying out educational activities, in the manner established by it, as well as taught in other organizations, carrying out educational activities, academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), simultaneous mastery of several basic professional educational programs;

7) crediting by an organization carrying out educational activities, in the manner established by it, of the results of students’ mastery of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), practice, additional educational programs in other organizations carrying out educational activities;

8) deferment from conscription for military service, provided in accordance with Federal Law of March 28, 1998 N 53-FZ “On Military Duty and Military Service”;

9) respect for human dignity, protection from all forms of physical and mental violence, personal insult, protection of life and health;

10) freedom of conscience, information, free expression of one’s own views and beliefs;

11) vacations - planned breaks during education for recreation and other social purposes in accordance with the legislation on education and the academic calendar;

12) academic leave in the manner and on the grounds established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, as well as maternity leave, parental leave until the child reaches the age of three years in the manner established by federal laws;

13) transfer to obtain education in another profession, specialty and (or) field of training, in another form of education in the manner established by the legislation on education;

14) transition from paid education to free education in cases and in the manner provided by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;

15) transfer to another educational organization implementing an educational program of the appropriate level, in the manner prescribed by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education;

16) restoration to receive education in an educational organization implementing basic professional educational programs, in the manner established by the legislation on education;

17) participation in the management of an educational organization in the manner established by its charter;

18) familiarization with the certificate of state registration, the charter, the license to carry out educational activities, the certificate of state accreditation, educational documentation, and other documents regulating the organization and implementation of educational activities in an educational organization;

19) appealing acts of an educational organization in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation;

20) free use of library and information resources, educational, production, scientific base of the educational organization;

21) use, in the manner established by local regulations, of medical and health infrastructure, cultural objects and sports facilities of an educational organization;

22) development of one’s creative abilities and interests, including participation in competitions, olympiads, exhibitions, shows, physical education events, sports events, including official sports competitions, and other public events;

23) participation, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, in research, scientific and technical, experimental and innovative activities carried out by an educational organization, under the leadership of scientific and pedagogical workers of educational organizations of higher education and (or) scientific workers of scientific organizations;

24) referral for training and scientific research on selected topics, internships, including within the framework of academic exchange, in other educational organizations and scientific organizations, including educational organizations of higher education and scientific organizations of foreign countries;

26) encouragement for success in educational, physical education, sports, social, scientific, scientific and technical, creative, experimental and innovative activities;

27) combining education with work without compromising the development of the educational program or the implementation of the individual curriculum;

28) obtaining information from an educational organization about the employment situation of the population of the Russian Federation in the professions, specialties and areas of training they are mastering;

29) other academic rights provided for by this Federal Law, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, local regulations.

2. Students are provided with the following measures of social support and incentives:

1) full state provision, including provision of clothing, footwear, hard and soft equipment, in cases and in the manner established by federal laws and laws of constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

2) provision of food in cases and in the manner established by federal laws and laws of constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

3) provision of places in boarding schools, as well as provision of residential premises in dormitories in accordance with this Federal Law and housing legislation;

4) transport support in accordance with Article 40 of this Federal Law;

5) receiving scholarships, financial assistance and other monetary payments provided for by the legislation on education;

6) provision of an educational loan in accordance with the procedure established in accordance with this Federal Law and the legislation of the Russian Federation;

7) other measures of social support provided for by regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, legal acts of local government bodies, local regulatory acts.

3. Persons who are mastering a basic educational program in the form of self-education or family education, or who have studied in an educational program that does not have state accreditation, have the right to undergo external intermediate and state final certification in an organization that carries out educational activities in the corresponding educational program that has state accreditation. These persons who do not have basic general or secondary general education have the right to undergo external intermediate and state final certification in an organization that carries out educational activities according to the corresponding basic general education program that has state accreditation, free of charge. When passing certification, external students enjoy the academic rights of students in the relevant educational program.

4. Students have the right to attend events of their choice that are held in an organization carrying out educational activities and are not provided for by the curriculum, in the manner established by local regulations. Involving students without their consent and minor students without the consent of their parents (legal representatives) in work not provided for in the educational program is prohibited.

5. Students have the right to participate in public associations, including trade unions created in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as to create public associations of students in the manner prescribed by federal law.

6. Forcing students and pupils to join public associations, including political parties, as well as their forced involvement in the activities of these associations and participation in campaigning campaigns and political actions is not permitted.

7. Students mastering the basic educational programs of secondary general, secondary vocational and higher education have the right to create student groups, which are public associations of students whose purpose is to organize temporary employment for such students who have expressed a desire to work in various industries in their free time from study. economy.

8. Organizations carrying out educational activities, the financial support of which is carried out at the expense of budgetary allocations of the federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and (or) local budgets, within the limits of their competence and in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, provide students with budgetary allocations from the federal budget, budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets with scholarships, living quarters in dormitories, boarding schools, and also implement other measures of their social support provided for by this Federal Law and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

9. In the event of termination of the activities of an organization carrying out educational activities, cancellation of the relevant license, deprivation of its state accreditation for the relevant educational program or expiration of the state accreditation for the relevant educational program, the founder and (or) the management body authorized by him of the said organization ensure the transfer of adult students from their consent and minor students with the consent of their parents (legal representatives) to other organizations carrying out educational activities according to educational programs of the appropriate level and focus. In case of suspension of a license, suspension of state accreditation in full or in relation to certain levels of education, enlarged groups of professions, specialties and areas of training, the founder and (or) the management body of the said organization authorized by him provide a transfer at the request of adult students, minor students at the request of their parents (legal representatives) to other organizations carrying out educational activities in basic educational programs of the appropriate level and focus that have state accreditation. The procedure and conditions for making such a transfer are established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

10. Persons who have completed the development of educational programs of secondary general education, have successfully passed the state final certification and have final grades of “excellent” performance in all academic subjects studied in accordance with the curriculum, the educational organization, simultaneously with the issuance of the corresponding document on education, awards the medal “For special achievements in learning", the sample, description and procedure for issuing are established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education.

Chapter 1. General provisions Article 1. Subject of regulation of this Federal Law This Federal Law establishes the legal, organizational and economic foundations of education in the Russian Federation, the basic principles of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education, general rules for the functioning of the education system and the implementation of educational activities, determines the legal position of participants in relations in the field of education.

Article 2. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law, federal state requirements - mandatory requirements for the minimum content, structure of additional pre-professional programs, conditions for their implementation and terms of study for these programs, approved in accordance with this Federal Law by authorized federal executive bodies;

Article 2. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law educational program - a set of basic characteristics of education (volume, content, planned results), organizational and pedagogical conditions and, in cases provided for by this Federal Law, certification forms, which is presented in the form of a curriculum, calendar academic schedule, work programs of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components, as well as assessment and teaching materials;

Article 2. Basic concepts used in this Federal Law: approximate basic educational program - educational and methodological documentation (approximate curriculum, approximate calendar academic schedule, approximate work programs of academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), other components), defining the recommended volume and the content of education of a certain level and (or) a certain orientation, the planned results of mastering the educational program, approximate conditions of educational activities, including approximate calculations of the standard costs of providing public services for the implementation of the educational program;

Article 3. Basic principles of state policy and legal regulation of relations in the field of education recognition of the priority of education; ensuring the right of every person to education, non-discrimination in the field of education; humanistic nature of education,

Article 3. Basic principles of state policy and legal regulation of relations in the field of education: the unity of the educational space on the territory of the Russian Federation; creating favorable conditions for the integration of the education system of the Russian Federation with the education systems of other states on an equal and mutually beneficial basis; secular nature of education; freedom of choice to receive education; ensuring the right to education throughout life;

Article 3. Basic principles of state policy and legal regulation of relations in the field of education; autonomy of educational organizations; democratic nature of education management; inadmissibility of restricting or eliminating competition in the field of education; a combination of state and contractual regulation of relations in the field of education.

Article 5. Right to education. State guarantees of the realization of the right to education in the Russian Federation In the Russian Federation, the right of every person to education is guaranteed. In the Russian Federation, universal access and freeness of preschool, primary general, basic general and secondary general education, secondary vocational education, and also free higher education on a competitive basis are guaranteed in accordance with federal state educational standards, if a citizen receives education at this level for the first time.

Article 6. Powers of federal government bodies in the field of education to develop and implement a unified state policy in the field of education; approval of federal state educational standards, establishment of federal state requirements; licensing of educational activities; state control (supervision) in the field of education

Article 7. The powers of the Russian Federation in the field of education, transferred to the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to exercise state control (supervision) in the field of education; licensing of educational activities of organizations; state accreditation; confirmation of documents on education and (or) qualifications.

Chapter 2. Education system Article 10. Structure of the education system In the Russian Federation, the following levels of general education are established: 1) preschool education; 2) primary general education; 3) basic general education; 4) secondary general education.

Article 11. Federal state educational standards and federal state requirements. Educational standards unity of the educational space of the Russian Federation; continuity of basic educational programs; variability in the content of educational programs at the appropriate level of education, the possibility of creating educational programs of various levels of complexity and focus, taking into account the educational needs and abilities of students; state guarantees of the level and quality of education based on the unity of mandatory requirements for the conditions for the implementation of basic educational programs and the results of their development.

Article 12. Educational programs The main educational programs include: basic general education programs - educational programs of preschool education, educational programs of primary general education, educational programs of basic general education, educational programs of secondary general education;

Article 12. Educational programs Additional educational programs include: - Educational programs of preschool education are developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities in accordance with the federal state educational standard of preschool education and taking into account the corresponding exemplary educational programs of preschool education.

Article 13. General requirements for the implementation of educational programs Educational programs are implemented by the organization carrying out educational activities, both independently and through network forms of their implementation. Federal state bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation exercising public administration in the field of education, local government bodies exercising management in the field of education do not have the right to change the curriculum and calendar training schedule of organizations carrying out educational activities.

Article 17. Forms of obtaining education and forms of training in organizations carrying out educational activities; Education in the form of family education and self-education is carried out with the right to subsequently pass, in accordance with Part 3 of Article 34 of this Federal Law, intermediate and state final certification in organizations engaged in educational activities. A combination of various forms of education and forms of training is allowed.

Article 18. Printed and electronic educational and information resources Educational publications used in the implementation of educational programs of preschool education are determined by the organization carrying out educational activities, taking into account the requirements of federal state educational standards, as well as exemplary educational programs of preschool education and exemplary educational programs of primary general education .

Article 19. Scientific, methodological and resource support for the education system For the purpose of participation of pedagogical, scientific workers, representatives of employers in the development of federal state educational standards, exemplary educational programs, coordination of the actions of organizations carrying out educational activities in ensuring the quality and development of the content of education in the education system educational and methodological associations can be created. Educational and methodological associations on a voluntary basis include teaching staff, researchers and other employees of organizations engaged in educational activities and other organizations operating in the education system, including representatives of employers.

Article 20. Experimental and innovative activities in the field of education Innovation activities are focused on improving scientific, pedagogical, educational, methodological, organizational, legal, financial, economic, personnel, material and technical support of the education system and are carried out in the form of the implementation of innovative projects and programs by organizations carrying out educational activities, and other organizations operating in the field of education, as well as their associations. When implementing an innovative project or program, the rights and legitimate interests of participants in educational relations must be ensured, the provision and receipt of education, the level and quality of which cannot be lower than the requirements established by the federal state educational standard, federal state requirements, and educational standards.

Article 23. Types of educational organizations Preschool educational organization is an educational organization that carries out educational activities according to educational programs of preschool education, supervision and care of children as the main goal of its activities.

Article 25. Charter of an educational organization. Article 26. Management of an educational organization. Article 27. Structure of the educational organization. Article 28. Competence, rights, duties and responsibilities of an educational organization. Article 29. Information openness of an educational organization Article 30. Local regulations containing norms regulating educational relations. Article 31. Organizations providing training. Article 32. Individual entrepreneurs carrying out educational activities

Chapter 4. Students and their parents (legal representatives) Article 33. Students 1) pupils - persons mastering the educational program of preschool education, persons mastering the basic general education program while simultaneously residing or staying in an educational organization;

Article 34. Basic rights of students and measures of their social support and stimulation. Article 35. Use of textbooks, teaching aids, teaching and educational means. Article 36. Scholarships and other monetary payments. Article 37. Catering for students. Article 38. Provision of clothing (uniforms). Article 39. Provision of residential premises in dormitories. Article 40. Transport support

Article 41. Health protection of students; provision of primary health care in the manner established by legislation in the field of health protection; organizing meals for students; determination of the optimal academic and extracurricular load, study schedule and duration of vacations; propaganda and training in healthy lifestyle skills and occupational safety requirements;

Article 42. Psycho-pedagogical, medical and social assistance to students experiencing difficulties in mastering basic general education programs, development and social adaptation Psycho-pedagogical, medical and social assistance is provided to children experiencing difficulties in mastering basic general education programs, development and social adaptation, in including minor students recognized in cases and in the manner provided for by criminal procedural legislation, suspects, accused or defendants in a criminal case or who are victims or witnesses of a crime, in centers of psychological, pedagogical, medical and social assistance created by public authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as psychologists, educational psychologists of organizations carrying out educational activities in which such children study. Local governments have the right to create centers for psychological, pedagogical, medical and social assistance.

Article 43. Duties and responsibilities of students to conscientiously master the educational program, carry out the individual curriculum, including attending training sessions provided for by the curriculum or individual curriculum, independently prepare for classes, carry out tasks given by teaching staff within the framework of the educational program;

Article 44. Rights, duties and responsibilities in the field of education of parents (legal representatives) of minor students Parents (legal representatives) of minor students have a priority right to educate and raise children over all other persons. They are obliged to lay the foundations for the physical, moral and intellectual development of the child’s personality. provide the child with preschool, primary general, basic general, and secondary general education in the family. A child receiving education in a family, by decision of his parents (legal representatives), taking into account his opinion at any stage of education, has the right to continue his education in an educational organization; receive information about all types of planned examinations (psychological, psychological and pedagogical) of students, give consent to conduct such examinations or participate in such examinations, refuse to conduct them or participate in them, receive information about the results of examinations of students;

Article 45. Protection of the rights of students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students, send to the management bodies of the organization carrying out educational activities, appeals to apply disciplinary sanctions to employees of these organizations who violate and (or) infringe on the rights of students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students penalties. Such appeals are subject to mandatory consideration by the specified bodies with the involvement of students, parents (legal representatives) of minor students;

Chapter 5. Pedagogical, managerial and other employees of organizations carrying out educational activities Article 46. The right to engage in teaching activities The right to engage in teaching activities has persons who have secondary vocational or higher education and meet the qualification requirements specified in the qualification reference books, and (or) professional standards. The nomenclature of positions for teaching staff of organizations carrying out educational activities, positions of heads of educational organizations is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Article 47. Legal status of teaching staff. Rights and freedoms of teaching staff, guarantees of their implementation: freedom of teaching, free expression of one’s opinion, freedom from interference in professional activities; freedom of choice and use of pedagogically sound forms, means, methods of teaching and education; the right to creative initiative, development and application of original programs and methods of teaching and upbringing within the framework of the educational program being implemented, a separate academic subject, course, discipline (module); the right to choose textbooks, teaching aids, materials and other means of teaching and education in accordance with the educational program and in the manner established by the legislation on education; the right to participate in the development of educational programs, including curricula, educational calendars, working educational subjects, courses, disciplines (modules), teaching materials and other components of educational programs;

Article 48. Duties and responsibilities of teaching staff 1. Teaching staff are obliged to: carry out their activities at a high professional level, ensure the full implementation of the taught educational subject, course, discipline (module) in accordance with the approved work program; comply with legal, moral and ethical standards, follow the requirements of professional ethics; respect the honor and dignity of students and other participants in educational relations; develop in students cognitive activity, independence, initiative, creativity, form a civic position, the ability to work and live in the modern world, form a culture of healthy and safe lifestyle in students; apply pedagogically sound forms, methods of teaching and education that ensure high quality of education;

Article 48. Duties and responsibilities of teaching staff to take into account the characteristics of the psychophysical development of students and the state of their health, comply with the special conditions necessary for receiving education by persons with disabilities, and interact, if necessary, with medical organizations; systematically improve your professional level; undergo certification for compliance with the position held in the manner established by the legislation on education; undergo pre-employment and periodic medical examinations, as well as extraordinary medical examinations at the direction of the employer, in accordance with labor legislation; undergo training and testing of knowledge and skills in the field of labor protection in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation; comply with the charter of the educational organization, the regulations on the specialized structural educational unit of the organization providing training, and internal labor regulations.

Article 48. Duties and responsibilities of teaching staff 2. A teaching staff member of an organization carrying out educational activities, including as an individual entrepreneur, does not have the right to provide paid educational services to students in this organization if this leads to a conflict of interests of the teaching staff member. 3. Teaching staff are prohibited from using educational activities for political agitation, forcing students to accept or renounce political, religious or other beliefs, to incite social, racial, national or religious hatred, for agitation promoting the exclusivity, superiority or inferiority of citizens based on social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation, their attitude to religion, including by communicating to students false information about the historical, national, religious and cultural traditions of peoples, as well as to induce students to take actions contrary to the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Article 48. Duties and responsibilities of teaching staff 4. Teaching staff are responsible for failure to perform or improper performance of their duties in the manner and in cases established by federal laws. Non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment by teaching staff of the duties provided for in Part 1 of this article is taken into account when they undergo certification.

Article 49. Certification of teaching staff Certification of teaching staff in order to confirm the compliance of teaching staff with the positions they occupy is carried out once every five years based on an assessment of their professional activities by certification commissions, independently formed by organizations carrying out educational activities.

Chapter 6. Grounds for the emergence, change and termination of educational relations Article 53. Emergence of educational relations. Article 54. Agreement on education. Article 55. General requirements for admission to training in an organization carrying out educational activities. Article 56. Targeted reception. Agreement on targeted admission and agreement on targeted training. Article 57. Changes in educational relations. Article 58. Interim certification of students. Article 59. Final certification. Article 60. Documents on education and (or) qualifications. Training documents. Article 61. Termination of educational relations. Article 62. Reinstatement in an organization carrying out educational activities

Article 64. Preschool education Preschool education is aimed at the formation of a general culture, the development of physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal qualities, the formation of prerequisites for educational activities, the preservation and strengthening of the health of preschool children. Educational programs of preschool education are aimed at the diversified development of preschool children, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, including the achievement by preschool children of a level of development necessary and sufficient for their successful development of educational programs of primary general education, based on an individual approach to preschool children and activities specific to preschool children. The development of educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certifications and final certification of students. Parents (legal representatives) of minor students who ensure that their children receive preschool education in the form of family education have the right to receive methodological, psychological, pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance free of charge, including in preschool educational organizations and general education organizations, if they appropriate consultation centers have been created. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Article 65. Fees collected from parents (legal representatives) for the supervision and care of children mastering educational programs of preschool education in organizations carrying out educational activities Preschool educational organizations provide supervision and care for children. Other organizations carrying out educational activities to implement educational programs for preschool education have the right to provide supervision and care for children. For the supervision and care of a child, the founder of an organization carrying out educational activities has the right to establish a fee charged to parents (legal representatives) (hereinafter referred to as parental fees), and its amount, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law. The founder has the right to reduce the amount of parental fees or not to collect it from certain categories of parents (legal representatives) in cases and in the manner determined by him. Parental fees are not charged for the supervision and care of disabled children, orphans and children without parental care, as well as for children with tuberculosis intoxication studying in state and municipal educational organizations implementing an educational program for preschool education.

Article 65. Fees collected from parents (legal representatives) for the supervision and care of children mastering educational programs of preschool education in organizations engaged in educational activities. It is not allowed to include expenses for the implementation of the educational program of preschool education, as well as expenses for the maintenance of real estate of state and municipal educational organizations implementing the educational program of preschool education, in parental fees for child supervision and care in such organizations. For the purpose of material support for the upbringing and education of children attending educational organizations implementing an educational program for preschool education, parents (legal representatives) are paid compensation in the amount established by the regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, but not less than twenty percent of the average amount of parental fees for supervision and care for children in state and municipal educational organizations located on the territory of the relevant constituent entity of the Russian Federation, for the first child, no less than fifty percent of the amount of such fees for the second child, no less than seventy percent of the amount of such fees for the third child and subsequent children. The average amount of parental fees for the supervision and care of children in state and municipal educational organizations is established by the state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. One of the parents (legal representatives) who has paid parental fees for the supervision and care of children in the relevant educational organization has the right to receive compensation.

Article 65. Fees collected from parents (legal representatives) for the supervision and care of children studying educational programs of preschool education in organizations engaged in educational activities. The procedure for applying for compensation specified in part 5 of this article and the procedure for its payment are established by state bodies authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Financial support for expenses related to the payment of compensation specified in Part 5 of this article is an expenditure obligation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Chapter 8. Professional education Article 68. Secondary vocational education Article 69. Higher education Article 70. General requirements for the organization of admission to bachelor's and specialty programs Article 71. Special rights for admission to bachelor's and specialty programs Article 72. Forms of integration of educational and scientific (research) activities in higher education Article 73. Organization of vocational training Article 74. Qualifying exam

Chapter 11. Features of the implementation of certain types of educational programs and education for certain categories of students Article 77. Organization of education for persons who have demonstrated outstanding abilities Article 78. Organization of education for foreign citizens and stateless persons in Russian educational organizations Article 79. Organization of education for students with with disabilities Article 80. Organization of the provision of education to persons sentenced to imprisonment, forced labor, suspects and accused persons in custody Article 81. Features of the implementation of professional educational programs and the activities of educational organizations of federal government bodies that train personnel in the interests of defense and security of the state, ensuring law and order Article 82. Features of the implementation of professional educational programs of medical education and pharmaceutical education Article 83. Features of the implementation of educational programs in the field of arts Article 84. Features of the implementation of educational programs in the field of physical culture and sports Article 85. Features of the implementation of educational programs in the field of training specialists for civil aviation personnel, ship crew members in accordance with international requirements, as well as in the field of training railway transport workers directly related to train movement and shunting work Article 86. Training in additional general developmental educational programs aimed at training minor students to military or other public service, in general educational organizations, professional educational organizations Article 87. Features of studying the foundations of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of the Russian Federation. Features of receiving theological and religious education Article 88. Features of the implementation of basic general education programs in foreign institutions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation

Chapter 12. Management of the education system. State regulation of educational activities Article 89. Management of the education system Article 90. State regulation of educational activities Article 91. Licensing of educational activities Article 92. State accreditation of educational activities Article 93. State control (supervision) in the field of education Article 94. Pedagogical examination Article 95. Independent assessment of the quality of education Article 96. Public accreditation of organizations carrying out educational activities. Professional and public accreditation of educational programs Article 97. Information openness of the education system. Monitoring in the education system Article 98. Information systems in the education system

Chapter 13. Economic activity and financial support in the field of education Article 99. Features of financial support for the provision of state and municipal services in the field of education Article 100. Control figures for enrollment in education at the expense of budgetary allocations of the federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local budgets Article 101. Carrying out educational activities at the expense of individuals and legal entities Article 102. Property of educational organizations Article 103. Creation by educational organizations of higher education of business societies and economic partnerships, the activity of which is the practical application (implementation) of the results of intellectual activity Article 104. Educational lending

Chapter 14. International cooperation in the field of education Article 105. Forms and directions of international cooperation in the field of education Article 106. Confirmation of documents on education and (or) qualifications Article 107. Recognition of education and (or) qualifications obtained in a foreign state Article 108. Final provisions Article 109. Recognition of certain legislative acts of the USSR as invalid on the territory of the Russian Federation Article 110. Recognition of certain legislative acts (provisions of legislative acts) of the RSFSR and the Russian Federation as invalid

1. Educational programs determine the content of education. The content of education should promote mutual understanding and cooperation between people and peoples, regardless of racial, national, ethnic, religious and social affiliation, take into account the diversity of ideological approaches, promote the realization of the students' right to free choice of opinions and beliefs, ensure the development of the abilities of each person, the formation and development of his individuals in accordance with the spiritual, moral and sociocultural values ​​accepted in the family and society. The content of vocational education and vocational training must provide qualifications.

2. In the Russian Federation, basic educational programs are implemented at the levels of general and vocational education, vocational training, and additional educational programs for additional education.

3. The main educational programs include:

1) basic general education programs - educational programs of preschool education, educational programs of primary general education, educational programs of basic general education, educational programs of secondary general education;

2) basic professional educational programs:

a) educational programs of secondary vocational education - training programs for qualified workers, employees, training programs for mid-level specialists;

b) educational programs of higher education - bachelor's programs, specialty programs, master's programs, training programs for scientific and pedagogical personnel in graduate school (postgraduate studies), residency programs, assistantship-internship programs;

3) basic vocational training programs - vocational training programs for blue-collar professions, white-collar positions, retraining programs for blue-collar workers, white-collar workers, advanced training programs for blue-collar workers, white-collar workers.

4. Additional educational programs include:

1) additional general education programs - additional general developmental programs, additional pre-professional programs;

2) additional professional programs - advanced training programs, professional retraining programs.

5. Educational programs are independently developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law.

6. Educational programs for preschool education are developed and approved by the organization carrying out educational activities in accordance with the federal state educational standard for preschool education and taking into account the corresponding exemplary educational programs for preschool education.

7. Organizations carrying out educational activities according to educational programs that have state accreditation (with the exception of educational programs of higher education implemented on the basis of educational standards approved by educational organizations of higher education independently), develop educational programs in accordance with federal state educational standards and taking into account the relevant approximate basic educational programs.

8. Educational organizations of higher education, which in accordance with this Federal Law have the right to independently develop and approve educational standards, develop appropriate educational programs of higher education on the basis of such educational standards.

9. Exemplary basic educational programs are developed taking into account their level and focus on the basis of federal state educational standards, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law.

10. Based on the results of the examination, exemplary basic educational programs are included in the register of exemplary basic educational programs, which is a state information system. The information contained in the register of exemplary basic educational programs is publicly available.

11. The procedure for developing exemplary basic educational programs, conducting their examination and maintaining a register of exemplary basic educational programs, features of the development, conducting examination and inclusion in such a register of exemplary basic professional educational programs containing information constituting a state secret, and exemplary basic professional educational programs in areas of information security, as well as organizations that are granted the right to maintain a register of exemplary basic educational programs, are established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of education, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law.

12. Authorized government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are involved in the examination of approximate basic general education programs, taking into account their level and focus (in terms of taking into account regional, national and ethnocultural characteristics).

13. The development of exemplary programs for the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel in postgraduate studies is ensured by federal executive authorities and federal state bodies in which the legislation of the Russian Federation provides for military or other service equivalent to it, service in internal affairs bodies, service in the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, sample assistantship-internship programs - a federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of culture, sample residency programs - a federal executive body that carries out the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare.

14. Authorized federal state bodies, in cases established by this Federal Law, develop and approve exemplary additional professional programs or standard additional professional programs, in accordance with which organizations carrying out educational activities develop corresponding additional professional programs.

15. Authorized federal state bodies, in cases established by this Federal Law and other federal laws, develop and approve exemplary vocational training programs or standard vocational training programs, in accordance with which organizations carrying out educational activities develop appropriate vocational training programs.

“On education in the Russian Federation”

The Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” establishes the legal, organizational and economic foundations of education in the Russian Federation, the basic principles of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of education, general rules for the functioning of the education system and the implementation of educational activities, and determines the legal status of participants in relations in the field of education.

In accordance with Article 2, education is understood as a single purposeful process of upbringing and training, which is a socially significant benefit and carried out in the interests of the individual, family, society and the state, as well as the totality of acquired knowledge, skills, values, operational experience and competence of a certain volume and difficulties for the purposes of intellectual, spiritual, moral, creative, physical and (or) professional development of a person, satisfying his educational needs and interests.

The new law contains 15 chapters and 111 articles, while the previous one - Law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1992 N 3266-I “On Education” - 6 chapters and 58 articles. The significant increase in volume is not a shortcoming of the law, but a consequence of the expediency of making it comprehensive and extremely sufficient for the education system. It is very important and useful that the Law has expanded its conceptual apparatus. The following terms have been introduced: “educational organization” (this is a non-profit organization that carries out educational activities on the basis of a license as the main type of activity in accordance with the goals for which such an organization was created) and “an organization that provides training” (this is a legal entity that carries out educational activities on the basis of licenses, along with the main activity, educational activities as an additional type of activity). These two terms are united by the concept of “organizations engaged in educational activities.” Thus, instead of educational institutions, a system of educational organizations is introduced, and the employment contract becomes the only document giving rise to the status of a teaching worker.

Article 3 lists the basic principles of state policy in the field of education. It should be noted that paragraph 6 enshrines “the secular nature of education in state and municipal organizations engaged in educational activities,” and paragraph 9 enshrines “information openness and public reporting of educational organizations.”

Chapter 2 No. 273-FZ is devoted to the education system. It includes: 1) federal state educational standards and federal state requirements; 2) organizations carrying out educational activities; 3) federal government bodies and government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local government bodies; 4) organizations providing educational activities, assessing the quality of education.

It should be noted that the education system includes teaching staff and students (this was not the case in the previous Law “On Education”), parents (legal representatives) of minor students. Particular attention is paid to organizations that carry out quality assessment, which makes them an integral and independent component of the education system.

Particular attention is paid to the structure of the education system. It consists of general education, vocational education, additional education and vocational training, which ensures the possibility of realizing the right to education throughout life (lifelong education). The levels of professional education are determined by:

1) secondary vocational education;

2) higher education - bachelor's degree;

3) higher education - specialty, master's degree;

4) higher education - training of highly qualified personnel. As you can see, there is no level - primary vocational education, postgraduate vocational education is also missing, and the level - training of highly qualified personnel - is classified as higher education. The named levels of higher education do not contain the word “professional”; there has been a return to traditions and global categories, although in essence higher education is professional and is classified among the levels of vocational education.

Article 17 of the Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” introduces the concepts of the form of education (obtaining education in organizations engaged in educational activities; obtaining education outside these organizations, that is, in the form of family education and self-education) and forms of education (full-time, part-time and part-time and correspondence). It should be noted that the Law does not name the form of external education, while in the article “Students” (Article 33) external students are also included as students - persons enrolled in an organization that carries out educational activities according to educational programs that have state accreditation, for passing intermediate and state final certification. This is one of the contradictions of the Law.

Article 34 establishes the basic rights of students and measures of their social support and stimulation. Students have the right to attend events of their choice that are held in an organization carrying out educational activities; to participate in public associations, including trade unions, as well as to create public associations of students. They have the right to create student teams to organize temporary employment for students who have expressed a desire to work in various sectors of the economy in their free time from study. Thus, the Law will expand the provisions of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Trade Unions, Their Rights and Guarantees of Operations”, according to which only working citizens can be united in a trade union.

Article 43 sets out the duties and responsibilities of students. Students are required to: 1) conscientiously master the educational program, attend classes provided for by the curriculum; 2) comply with the requirements of the charter and internal regulations of the organization; 3) take care of maintaining and strengthening your health, strive for spiritual and physical development; 4) respect the honor and dignity of other students and employees of the organization, and others.

Particular attention should be paid to Article 72, which defines the forms of integration of educational and research activities in higher education. The goals of such integration are staffing for scientific research, improving the quality of training of students in educational programs of higher education, attracting students to conduct scientific research under the guidance of scientists, using new knowledge and achievements of science and technology in educational activities.

The following forms of such integration are also presented:

1) conducting scientific research by educational organizations

research and experimental development through grants or other sources of financial support;

2) attraction by educational organizations of employees of scientific organizations and other organizations carrying out research activities;

3) implementation by educational and scientific organizations of joint scientific and educational projects, scientific research and experimental developments;

4) creation of laboratories in educational organizations carrying out research and (or) scientific and technical activities; as well as departments carrying out educational activities.

In comparison with this Law, which defines the forms of integration of educational and research activities in higher education, the Federal Law of August 22, 1996 N 125-FZ “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” (lost force) indicates the main tasks of higher education educational institution, among which we can highlight the development of sciences and arts through scientific research and creative activities of scientific and pedagogical workers and students, the use of the results obtained in the educational process. In addition, it lists the types and names of higher educational institutions: federal university, university, academy, institute. The new Federal Law of December 29, 2012 No. 273-FZ “On Education in the Russian Federation” does not contain this article.