When building a new home or buying a new apartment, each person wants to create favorable and comfortable conditions for living. But cosiness and comfort are delivered not only by furniture and interior, for convenience you need to install and various additional equipment. In this article, we will talk about how to install air ventilation in a private house.

Having stopped the choice on installation of forced ventilation, any owner will be pleased with its work. The most difficult is considered artificial ventilation. To install this type of system, ducts made of plastic can be used. Their shape and size do not matter, the main thing is to close them from the street with a special grating plate. It will hide the material and it will be beautifully combined with the interior of the house, and secondly, it will protect the air duct from getting into it dust and various small particles.

Ventilation is divided into natural (more often used in private houses, includes windows, windows and similar) and forced (installed mainly in high-rise buildings and includes air conditioning and other equipment). As a natural ventilation can serve as windows, doors and other openings and openings.

Is there a natural or forced ventilation system?

Natural ventilation  a private house should be organized in a similar way: the temperature difference between the air in the street and the house causes the airflow to rise to the upper part of the ventilation duct. The channel itself is located in an upright position and is connected to all floors of the building through certain air outlet openings, so the air (starting from the basement) gradually passes through the hole and exits into the exhaust duct.

The draft of the exhaust port depends on certain factors that are absolutely not at the mercy of man:

• Wind level;
• Parameters of the installed channel, namely its diameter and height;
• The material from which the channel is made.

Natural ventilation becomes problematic in the winter. In the cold through the ventilation holes, a lot of heat goes away.

In addition, the air leaves mainly from the bathroom, kitchen, toilet and so on, and therefore in the rooms there is no circulation of the air flow. As a result of a collision of cold and warm air, condensation forms, in order to avoid the appearance of which, forced ventilation was developed.

Economical ventilation

The easiest and most economical way to install ventilation for a private home is to mount the fan in the ventilation duct. They are located in the attic and are designed to force the air from the house. Thus, exhaust ventilation is created. On the wall or in the window frame, there is, so-called, a valve, necessary for the receipt of fresh air mass from the street. The valves must open when the ventilation system is switched on.

The exhaust system of this kind will not disturb anyone with its noisy work, as it is far in the attic. In general, the air withdrawn from the room will be compensated by the incoming air flow, and, therefore, a healthy microclimate of the room will be preserved. Communications from the paved system will need to be carefully hidden from prying eyes with the help of a channel punched in the wall.

Nevertheless, it is better to install a ventilation system during the construction of the house itself, so it will be much easier to hide communications in the wall of the room.

Forced ventilation

When building your own home there is nothing difficult to hold intake ventilation  private house with their own hands. It will allow the old stagnant air to escape from the room and let in the airflow filled with oxygen.

Fresh air ventilation is installed in rooms with a clean atmosphere, for example, in the office or in the bedroom.

What kind of ventilation should I choose?

The parameters of the ventilation system depend on the total area of ​​the private house, the number of floors in it and the rooms. Usually, for installation of the system use a small room or room on the ground floor. Modern ventilation does not require the installation of a wall dismantling. The whole system is assembled as a children's designer, mounted on the wall of the room and hidden by a suspended ceiling.

The main part of the system is a supply installation. This mechanism is designed for self-output, filtration, heating and supply of fresh air. For a private house a device is used with a volume of 150 - 600 m3 / h and not less than. The device is sold in a steel casing with insulated insulation, multi-layer filters, a fan and other parts.

Most models have a heater. If it is necessary to heat the air in cold weather, it turns on automatically. Thanks to it, the equipment installed in the attic never freezes. The air is heated completely by the air heater.

Location of supply and exhaust equipment

The ventilation system can be installed on a wall or ceiling using brackets. Fastening of equipment is included in its equipment. It is possible to place the system on the floor, but in this case, it will be necessary to provide a condensate outlet. Still it will be necessary to take care of access of the expert of the service center to the filters that are on the side. Therefore, having the device of ventilation of a private house in a corner, it is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the product.

In private homes, the device is located on a steel frame (a foundation of concrete). The supply main is fixed to the installation and goes outside the premises through the roof. The device is covered from above with a special sheet of stainless steel. It will help protect the device from precipitation and spoilage.

Location of blower:

• The arrangement is in a horizontal position along the entire perimeter of the roof;
• In an upright position to go to the lower floors;
• In the room you can also arrange the device air distributor.

Privileged forced installation

Do I need ventilation in the bathroom  private house? Someone can answer this question negatively, but who and what opinion did not state, ventilation in the bathroom  just needed. Each room with a lot of moisture needs to be thoroughly ventilated, especially after washing. The fact is that a non-dried room will deteriorate over time, the service life of the room furniture and the building itself will gradually decrease.

It is not necessary to install some complicated system. You can do with air ventilation - for this all - you will need an open window leaf or other opening. A vent will be installed in this hole. On the street side, a protective grid is put on this hole.

For additional finishing, noise absorbers are used. They are necessary for the simple reason that the fan is very noisy and can be very distracting from any important business.

Ventilation installation  in a private house - a question that interests a large number of people. To independently do this work, you need to read a lot of different literature, including how to make supply ventilation in a private house. In some sources of literature the entire installation of the equipment is described in steps. To make your work easier, you can search for information on the Internet. The World Wide Web is teeming with a bunch of tips.

For laying supply ventilation you will need:

1. Lattice, which will serve as a fence of air;
2. Special check valve;
3. Required filters for cleaning air;
4. Air ducts;
5. Electric heater;
6. Lattice for the influx of air mass in the wall of the room.

The system is automated. It's all about setting up a temperature sensor or a special timer that is set for a certain on and off time.

Air duct

Which duct is better and better? Absolutely any air conditioning system means the installation of a device for inflow or outflow of air mass. Air ducts are made of the following materials:

• Aluminum;
• Plastics;
• Galvanized or black steel.

Air ducts are of two forms: rectangular and round. The rectangular part is easier to mount in the wall, while the round one helps to prevent aerodynamic losses. It is very convenient to install flexible parts that are manufactured in the form of a corrugated aluminum - polymer hose. To give them rigidity, they are reinforced with a steel wire when installed.

Comments:

The term "ventilation" means a system for exchanging air masses in a room, supplying it with oxygen. Residential buildings are particularly in need of establishing comfortable levels of air humidity and optimal temperature in them. Clearly organized intake and exhaust natural ventilation contributes to the health of the living people, the maintenance of immunity. Particularly in need of high-quality ventilation of the bathroom, kitchen, where there is a high level of humidity and air pollution.

Natural ventilation

The motion of air masses in this system occurs for a number of reasons:

1. Because of the unequal temperature characteristics of external and internal atmospheric layers. This process was called "aeration".
2. Due to the difference in air pressure between the room in service and the device providing traction, the deflector. It is mounted on the roof of the building.
3. Due to the active effect of wind pressure.

Scheme of natural ventilation: 1 - zone of air inflow, 2 - zone of air flow, 3 - zone of air extraction.

Aeration is used in the premises of shops subject to significant heat emissions, in the air of which there is an excessive amount of gases and dust. Do not use it where the conditions of production are associated with the advance treatment of fresh air or if the flow of fresh masses leads to condensation or fog.

Natural ventilation is associated with air circulation due to the unevenness of the pressure of the air column. The smallest difference in height between the index of pulling masses out of the room and drawing it out with a deflector is usually just over 3 m. The movement of air through the duct takes place at a speed of 1 m / s.

Natural ventilation reduces to the fact that as a result of the influence of wind pressure on the sections of the building facing the wind, there is an increase, and at windless points - a decrease in pressure. This air exchange system is simple and does not require the purchase of expensive equipment, it is not able to absorb an excessive amount electric power, which is very important in order to save money.

Natural ventilation is directly dependent on environmental factors, it affects the temperature, wind direction and speed of its movement.

Such an air exchange system is represented by a community of mechanisms that allow processing, moving, feeding and removing masses. In this connection, the following classifications are distinguished:

• by the ability to form pressure and movement of air: a natural and mechanical intention;
• by function: supply and exhaust ventilation.

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Natural flow through wall and window valves

Nowadays, most people put PVC windows in their homes, which, along with positive moments, also have some drawbacks. These include absolute tightness, it is provided by the technological process. As a result, there is no natural air inflow. Air exchange in similar structures approaches zero marks.

Through the window with the vent valve comes fresh air, for more active circulation of which the exhaust ducts are installed fans.

In order to solve the situation in a positive way, you should pay attention to the design of the window units when ordering. They should have a built-in adjustable slot, which ensures a good ventilation of the room. The traditional place is the top of the window structure. This is supply ventilation, represented as a window valve.

The air infiltration valve (supply air wall) can be installed after the windows have been installed. It has the form of a round-shaped nozzle, fixed at the base of the wall and covered with grilles on both sides. Inside there is an adjustable valve, which can be opened and closed. Usually such elements are placed near the windows, they remain almost invisible, because any window has a curtain, it helps in this.

The incoming air will flow into the area of ​​influence of the radiators located below the openings.

Often, such valves are put behind the battery, as a result of incoming masses will be warmed up well. Pribochnaya ventilation of this type can be supplied with filters, sensors, showing the humidity and temperature.

Valves are desirable to put in bedrooms, dining rooms, bathrooms. They can be seen in buildings in the design of which used vapor-proof insulation foam-type, because in this case the amount of supply air in the house is noticeably reduced.

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Supply ventilation in the house

The bulk of fresh air enters the room through doors and windows at the time of opening. However, such measures are often not enough to carry out a qualitative airing. Many modern buildings are equipped with infiltration valves.

It is designed for timely supply of fresh mass to the room in place of a remote formation. Such air is often treated: cleansed, warmed, moistened.

Supply ventilation in the house is designed to create better conditions for the exchange of air. This is often associated with a significant expenditure of heat energy. Heating equipment is designed to regularly heat the cooled air strata. Heated masses are moved from the hood.

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Exhaust air system

The removal of air masses from the premises is carried out by means of installed ventilation holes, which have access to the street through the roof of the building or the wall. Exhaust ventilation in the house is installed at the time of building. Their hidden forms are mounted in a brickwork or an annex.

To increase the efficiency of this channel, tin inserts are used. The vertical structure of this system is covered with a metal cap, which prevents the penetration of snow and water.

The ventilation system shaft is installed in domestic boiler rooms or premises with gas heating devices. Installed above the plates hoods will relieve the room from unnecessary vapors, saturated with moisture and oil.

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The concept of combined extract and input ventilation

Such a system of air exchange is based on a special efficient work, as a result of which there is a replacement of the stagnant air of the rooms. As a result of the operation of this system, two streams of air masses occur, the functioning of which is due to the operation of the extractor and the inflow, filters and fans.

The supply and exhaust ventilation is comfortable, easy to install and comfortable operating conditions. Heating of air entering the room can be provided by the action of a water and electric heater.

Types of ventilation ducts: a - placement of ventilation ducts in the brick wall, b - ventilating attachment channels, c - suspended ventilation duct, d - outlet to the roof of the ventilation shaft.

The process of air exchange in the room, associated with this system, is associated with a forced mode of operation. Here further processing of the masses is carried out, including their heating and purification. Individual samples have the function of moistening, which is carried out with the help of moisture leaving the channel into the flow of incoming clean air. The presented mechanisms have special devices that reduce noise during their operation. They help to remove excess moisture from rooms with high humidity.

In an apartment such ventilation often takes the form of small blocks that have a pretty and original appearance. Such devices can be placed on the wall, the situation of the room from this will not suffer.

In rooms with supplied ventilation it is always easy to breathe, there is no stagnant and stale smell, in rooms there is no stupidity, stuffiness and dampness. On the eve of the installation work, preparation should be carried out, this concept includes the appropriate calculations, the choice of equipment according to the type of room. Qualitatively conducted installation will give confidence in the future and best affect the health of people living.

Ventilation ducts in the inner walls of the rooms of the bathrooms and kitchen are designed before the walls are erected.

On how ventilation works in the house, it will depend not only on the comfort of living of all tenants, but also on the integrity of the building's structures. In connection with this, a device for supply and exhaust natural ventilation is actively used in the territory of the Russian Federation. Its action is associated with the unevenness of the temperature indexes, the impermeability of the external and internal air. As soon as the outside temperature is lowered, the efficiency of the exhaust ducts increases, and when it increases, it decreases noticeably.

The system of air exchange of the natural plan along with advantages, has some drawbacks. Its cost is relatively small, if compared with the installation of other systems. For this reason, it is used very often in the premises of a residential plan. Such ventilation does not need special equipment, electrical appliances, fans, engines, drives. It is characterized by ease of operation, low noise and reliability.

For the well-being, the presence of fresh air in the apartment is very important. On 1 m2 of the closed area 3 m3 of fresh air should flow. There is also a norm for an adult who needs 30 m3 of air per hour.

Good air exchange in figures

Ventilation is an extremely important communication in the age of domination of airtight plastic windows

When arranging air intake, it is worth remembering that:

• the air norm for the kitchen room in which the gas stove is placed is 90 m3 / h;
• the air norm for the kitchen in which the electric stove is installed is 60 m3 / h;
• norm for the bathroom - 25 m3 / hour;
• the norm for a toilet room or a combined bathroom is 50 m3 / hour.

Based on these indicators, it is necessary to organize the flow of fresh air to the apartment.

Pribochnaya ventilation: ways of organization

Pribochnaya ventilation in the apartment is a kind of forced air exchange. It is designed to receive fresh air from the street in a closed room with the help of special mechanisms - fans of different power. Also, when designing, it is worth considering the places through which the spent air masses leave the room.

In apartments can be installed two types of supply ventilation system:

1. natural, which allows you to enter fresh outdoor masses into the room by means of wall and window valves. For example, the New-Air valve is capable of providing an air inflow of 20-25 m3 / h. Valve Air box  will allow ventilating the rooms even without opening the windows and windows. It is worth noting that the performance of the valves is negligible. The device is equipped with a filtration system and is designed for an area of ​​up to 15 m2;
2. forced, ensuring the entry of fresh air into the room with the help of special equipment - a fan and a filter. For example, the Elicent Elegance 100 fan is able to provide an inflow of 90 m3 / h, has a low noise level of 31.4 dB, electrical network  220 V.

Supply air ventilation for the apartment: popular models

Ventilator Vents TwinFresh

The device is equipped with a fan operating in the inflow and ventilation mode. The mechanical valve is supplemented by the air recuperation system6 by heating the incoming inflow due to the temperature of the discharged air masses. Airing capacity - 58 m3 / hour, noise level 29 dB, power supply 12 V, power consumption - 7,3 Watts. VENTS equipment is supplemented with a G3 filtration system, designed for continuous operation, does not form condensate in working order.

Ventilation installation VENTS VPA

The device is made in the form of a monoblock unit in an insulating case. Inside the unit there is a fan, a filtration system is installed, which allows eliminating not only street dust, but also preventing insects from entering the room. VENTS WPA with filtration completed electric air heater  for heating incoming external air masses. The capacity of the units is 200-1500 m3 / h, the working pressure is 715 Pa.

Daikin Ururu Sarara air conditioning system with fresh air

A feature of the device is the possibility of air conditioning with the addition of fresh inflow in an enclosed space. Modern slip-system can not only supply atmospheric air, but also, if necessary, moisten it. This system is able to ensure the change of air masses in the room: in a room of 24 m2 the air is completely replaced in 2 hours of continuous operation of the device. In addition, the system is equipped with other functions:

• humidification: the device is capable of providing optimal performance - 50% humidity at a temperature of 22 degrees. The built-in element in the outdoor unit removes moisture from the air masses and evenly distributes it around the room;
• dehumidification: the device eliminates the increased humidity in the room without lowering the temperature values, which is very important in the autumn and spring periods. In summer hot days with high humidity with the help of a slip system, you can drain and cool the air masses in the room;
• two-level purification of air in the outdoor and indoor units. The installation of phytocatalytic filter allows to eliminate from the air masses not only dust and small insects, but eliminates formaldehyde, viruses, mold;
• ensuring a uniform air flow: flaps with a wide angle of coverage can be directed down or up, allowing the air masses to "disperse" over the room.

Monoblock systems "Breezart"

Devices of this model range are designed for ventilation of a room of up to 100 m2. Automated system is able to provide filtration, heating and ventilation of air in the apartment.

Table Models of air-supply plants "Breezart"

Trimming	Production	Heater	Fan	Area of ​​the room	Device Dimensions
Brizart 350: economy, standard, comfort	350m3 / hour		power 105 watts, supply voltage 220 V	50-75 m2	36,5x22x92 cm, weight - 25 kg
Breezart 500: economy, standard, comfort	500m3 / hour	power 1,2,4,8 kW, voltage - 220/380 V	power - 160 W, voltage 220 V	70-100 m2	36,5x22x92 cm, weight - 25 kg

Installation of a walled inlet valve

• Determine the location for installation venting element. Ideal option is the space between the battery and the window sill: incoming fresh air before the distribution of the room will warm up in the winter.
• Drill a through hole in which the valve will be installed.
• Install the air duct: outside the device should be at the level of the wall, inside the room - protrude 1 cm.
• From the street fix the ventilation grille.
• Secure the case.

Important! The case must be installed very tightly. The sealant is used for fixing to the duct.

Installation of a non-ducted ventilation system

• Choose the mounting location. Ideal is the installation near the window opening.
• Make a hole 2 cm more than the diameter of the exhaust duct.
• Install the duct and insulate it with mineral wool, glass wool or foam polyethylene.
• The exhaust duct can be closed with a protective grille.
• Inside the duct, install the fan.
• Install the control system, heating with air filtration.

Installation of duct ventilation system

Before proceeding with the installation of ventilation, it is necessary to understand what is forced ventilation in a duct-type apartment. This is a relatively complex system that provides fresh air to all rooms: air exchange occurs through built-in channels. To realize channel ventilation, it is necessary to place ventilation pipes under the ceiling at a distance of 1.5 m from each other.

Important! Length ventilation pipes  should not exceed 3 m from the supply unit. Also, during installation, frequent turns and bends should be avoided: rotations of 90 degrees or more are unacceptable.

After installing the "path" of air, you can start installing a forced ventilation system. Installation is carried out in the same way as when installing local ventilation. The last stage of the work is the supply of ventilation ducts.

For the qualitative operation of the ventilation supply system, it is important not only the supply of fresh air, but its removal from the apartment. As a rule, ventilating public mines are quite enough to remove the exhaust air. An extract in the kitchen and installation of a fan in the bathroom will provide clean and fresh air, eliminate odors and prevent the appearance of the tribe and fungi.

One of the important factors of comfortable living in a private house or apartment is the correctly arranged ventilation of the premises.

Namely, the device for supply and exhaust ventilation of your home. Which in turn are subdivided into natural and mechanical (compulsory).

At the same time, not only the influx of fresh air and its temperature is important, but also the speed of air flow in the room, and the lower this speed, the more comfortable it is for us to be in this room.

The speed of air movement, in a room with natural ventilation, is much lower and more comfortable than with a mechanical, supply-exhaust, where the fans are on the inflow and exhaust. This is primarily due to the difference in the norms, the volume velocities of air movement in these ventilation systems (mechanical ventilation 2-5 m / s, natural up to 1 m / s).

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to do more comfortable, natural ventilation. The problem is that this system requires large sections of ventilation ducts, in contrast to mechanical ventilation. That is, to skip the same amount of air - the natural ventilation duct section is required more than the mechanical section.

For example: in order to pass through a natural exhaust duct of 300 m3 / hr of air, a channel of Ø350 mm is required, and a duct for mechanical extraction for the same volume of air Ø160 - Ø200 mm.

It is not always technically possible to place a large exhaust duct in the wall, and to place it outside the wall (under the ceiling or along the wall) in living rooms is not always aesthetically pleasing.

For this reason, in large areas, it is often necessary to use a forced-draft hood, especially in large urban houses and country cottages.

Similarly, the flow of air into the living quarters can not always be provided in a natural way. How to calculate the cross section of ventilation ducts, you can read in the article ""

Regardless of the type of ventilation in your house (natural or mechanical), the movement of air must be organized correctly, according to the same scheme. And this means - that rooms with high humidity or contamination in the chain of air movement should be the last.

As a rule, the hoods are installed in such premises as a kitchen, a bathroom and a boiler room.

To ensure unimpeded movement of air in the premises of your home, on the way of its passage from the supply devices to the exhaust, in the doors it is necessary to install the overflow grilles. Or they can be replaced by an increased gap between the door and the floor, which should be at least 20 mm across the entire width of the door.

Failure to comply with this requirement leads to insufficient air exchange in the premises or to the complete inoperability of the system.

Inflow of air into living quarters

As already mentioned above, the flow of air into the living quarters can be carried out in two ways - natural and forced (mechanical).

Infiltration: - natural influx (penetration) of air into the premises through not the density of windows, entrance doors, walls of the house.

The premises, equipped with wooden windows of the old Soviet model, usually had no problems with the influx of fresh air. This is due to the fact that these windows have a fairly high air permeability (infiltration).

For small areas of residential premises (houses and apartments in the area of ​​100 m 2), the volume of supply air penetrating through the cracks and not the density of these windows is usually quite sufficient to ensure air exchange. In this process, the density of the entrance (external) doors also plays a role.

Also, to produce a natural quick, air exchange in the rooms help the following ways.

The inflow of air is made through an open window or a slot, in the case of tilting frames of metal-plastic windows. The complete exchange of air in the premises occurs in 20 - 60 minutes.

In the cold season, this method causes a large loss of heat, cooling of the window block and window slopes, which leads to the formation of condensation on these elements.

Ventilation by means of fully open windows. In the cold season, this method allows to reduce the effect of cooling window structures, since the air exchange takes place fairly quickly, in only 5 to 10 minutes, but the loss of heat does not decrease.

Ventilation with an open front door and fully open windows. This is the fastest exchange of air in the room, which occurs in 2 - 4 minutes.

All these methods are pretty good for providing a single air exchange in the premises of your home. But airing should not be the only source of fresh air in your home.

In the last 10 -15 years, steel windows have become very popular, they use metal-plastic windows. They began to be installed everywhere, not only in public buildings, but also in apartments, as well as in private sector homes.

One of the features of these windows is airtightness, that is, the air permeability of metal-plastic windows is almost zero. The premises equipped with such windows are devoid of a natural influx of fresh air.

In this case, in order to maintain a comfortable and safe microclimate for your health, you need one time per hour to ventilate the premises, one of the methods described above.

In most cases this is inconvenient or simply impossible, which means that it's time to consider the option of installing air inlets, or an integrated, engineering ventilation system.

Wall and window air inlets

When choosing metaloplastikovyh windows, it is possible to order window units with an already built-in adjustable vent slit - this is the inlet window valve (air infiltration valve). Usually it is installed in the upper part of the window box, but if desired, it can be installed in the bottom of the window.

More often the problem with the influx of fresh air into the room we notice when the windows are already selected and installed. In this case, we can be helped by the installation of a supply air wall valve, which is a cylindrical branch pipe, mounted flush to the wall, and closed by the grilles of the sides of the grilles, the internal grill is adjustable.

Wall window valves.

Set the valve data near the window openings, preferably in the zone of intense action of the radiators (batteries). In the heating season, this contributes to the rapid heating of colder incoming air. In addition, the lattice of the valve can be covered with a tulle or placed directly behind the radiator.

It is recommended to place inlet valves in rooms such as a bedroom, a dining room, a hall, and this applies not only to the premises of the house itself, but also. This arrangement contributes to the correct movement of air, from clean, residential areas to more polluted - household (kitchen, toilet, bathroom).

Forced airflow into the premises

The forced supply ventilation system is installed in cases where the necessary air flow is so large that conventional infiltration valves can not provide it. Or these valves do not fit into the overall aesthetic appearance.

This forced system  includes ventilation equipment  and ventilation network. The equipment can include: a suction fan, an air valve, a filter, a silencer and a heater (for heating the supply air in the cold season). And the network includes an air intake, air ducts, and air distributing devices (grilles, diffusers).

Exhaust ventilation system

Exhaust ventilation in a private house must be planned at the construction stage, before the construction of the walls. Ventilation exhaust ducts are arranged in the form of mines, in the piers of the household premises of the house (bathroom, kitchen, boiler room).

If the exhaust system is already in the built house, or there is no possibility to place ventilation ducts in the piers, they can be made in the form of attachable shafts. But they have their minus: from an aesthetic point of view.

Natural exhaust system (self)

If the section of the exhaust duct is calculated under the natural exhaust system and placed in the partition, or you are ready to make it adherent, then you can do without self-exertion, without using any, or mechanical exhaust devices. The channel opening from the room is simply closed by the ventilation grille.

Forced exhaust system (mechanical)

If it is required to divert large volumes of air, the section of the channel, the natural draft, is too large to be placed in the partition, and the connecting channel is too cumbersome to spoil the aesthetic appearance of the room. From this position, you can exit by applying a compulsory exhaust system. That allows you to reduce the cross section of the exhaust ducts, but requires the installation of exhaust fans in the bathrooms and bathrooms.

There are a huge number of types and types of household, exhaust fans for bathrooms and bathrooms. The most common of these are wall fans that enter the ventilation duct, but are simply mounted on the wall.

The fan is selected according to the pre-calculated flow rate for the hood, taking into account the loss of the exhaust duct. But in any case, it should be with a small margin of power.

To control such fans in bathrooms, they are often connected to a light switch. Thus, they will only work when the light is on. But there are exhaust fans with a delay in time, for example: it turns on after "60" seconds, after switching on the light or with a delay of switching off for "60" seconds after the light is turned off.

They can also be equipped with humidity sensors (they work until the humidity in the room is normalized). Such exhausters are slightly more expensive than conventional ones, but are more comfortable to work with.

If in your home, it is planned to install not only forced drawing, but also forced airflow, then it makes sense to consider the option, installation air recuperation systems in order to save energy on heating the cold supply air. But this is already a topic for a separate article.

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Designing and installation of ventilation system

Many problems of a technical nature arise in the design of the ventilation system in the premises. Different rules in the approaches to design are contained in many techniques and manuals. Fire safety issues are central to the installation of the ventilation system. It is necessary that the air lock, ventilation, smoke protection are designed according to all the rules.

Ventilation and installation methods

The following types of ventilation systems are distinguished by design and installation:

1. With natural removal and influx of air. With this system, the volumetric air velocity is 1 m 3 / h.
2. Ventilation with a mechanical stimulator to remove and inflate air and ventilation, combined with an air heating system of the room. The speed of air movement is 3-5 m 3 / h.
3. Combined ventilation system, which contains both a natural inflow and a mechanical stimulator for outflow and air inflow.

During the design of the ventilation system, correct calculations are needed to install ventilation in residential and public spaces. It is especially recommended to pay attention to the provision of air flow rates in vertical structures with air vent channels, for this purpose it is necessary to choose the appropriate design of the ventilation system. The system of natural inflow and outflow is the most comfortable for a person.

If ventilation is carried out in a multi-storey building, you need to pay attention to the fact that air does not flow from one floor to another, and also to exclude the possibility of "tipping over" its movement.

Premises for housing and ventilation

Basically, a ventilation system with natural removal and air supply is installed in the housing areas. Inflow is carried out through open windows and windows, and outflow is facilitated by installed ventilation grilles and valves. Hoods with grilles are installed in the kitchen, in the bathroom and in the toilet room, that is, where the outflow of air is most needed to improve its quality. Sometimes it is necessary to install additional domestic fans.

Any ventilation should be designed taking into account the installation of air closures - vertical sections of the air vent, changing its direction by 180 °. In the event of a smoke from housing or the ingress of combustion products, the gate will ensure that smoke can not penetrate into other rooms.

Ventilation: natural or mechanical exhaust?

When installing natural ventilation, in order to provide air movement at a rate of 300 m 3 / h, the cross section ventilation duct  should be 350 mm in diameter. With mechanical extraction, a channel cross-section of 200 mm in diameter is installed. The choice of the ventilation system will depend on the individual layout of the housing under construction. For sufficiently large areas of the house, it is advisable to think about mechanical or combined ventilation.

Unimpeded air movement: inflow and outflow

For good air exchange in the room, except for ventilation, it is necessary to install the overhead grilles. Lattices are installed on the doors and in the walls of the room. You can replace the door grilles with a slot, which is left between the floor and the doors. The gap should be at least 20 mm.

Inflow into the air space of the room is provided through the loosely closed slits of window openings, doors and walls of the room. The highest air permeability has wooden window frames.

A natural influx is also achieved by regular airing of housing. In winter, there are some complications with natural ventilation through the window slot:

1. Great heat loss.
2. The threat of condensation on the window blocks and the slopes adjoining the window.
3. The complete exchange of air will occur within 1.5 hours.

Therefore, it is best to "shut up" the cracks for the winter, and to carry out ventilation when the windows are completely open. This will avoid the effect of cooling the structure and make a quick exchange of air in just 5 - 10 minutes.

If you plan to install plastic double-glazed windows, you need to pay attention to the fact that they were equipped with a built-in ventilation slit - a supply window in the upper part of the window package. You can install an additional supply air wall valve on the wall. Installation of the valve is done right through. The valve itself is equipped with an adjustable grating, which allows you to monitor the state of the grid: from the closed position to the fully open. Supply Valves  provide an influx of fresh air to 100 m 3 / h.

The mechanical supply air system consists of:

• the air valve;
• a heater for heating air in the cold season;
• filter for cleaning large particles of dust;
• silencer;
• fan.

Ventilation channels are of the following types:

• Additional channels for ventilation,
• The air ducts located in the wall,
• Suspended air ducts,
• Ventilation shafts removed to the roof.

Air outlets and their types

The exhaust system can be both natural and mechanical. If necessary, you can equip the natural hood with mechanical exhaust fans. The fans are installed directly into the ventilation grille.

For air dilution throughout the room using air outlets. They are rectangular, round and flexible. What's the Difference?

In round air outlets there is a small air resistance, in rectangular ones - more, but in corrugated flexible systems the resistance is greatest.

How to calculate air exchange in a room

Calculate the air exchange by different methods:

1. Removal of "excess" heat.
2. Removal of excessive moisture.
3. Dilution of contaminants by the maximum permissible concentration.
4. By the area of ​​the room.
5. Air exchange by multiplicities.

In addition, there are certain standards and norms given in specialized documents and GOSTs. The simplest calculation is the calculation of the area of ​​the room. Norms provide for the supply of air at a rate of 3 m 3 / h per 1 sq. M of the room. The number of people in the room does not matter.

Sanitary norms assume the provision of air exchange per person in the room, equal to 60 m 3 / h.

Calculation by multiplicity involves an indication of how many times per hour in a room there should be a complete air exchange. For example, in the bedroom, study or dining room - 1 time, in the bathroom and toilet room - 25 times. All norms on multiplicities are given in the normative documents and GOSTs. A more detailed calculation is carried out according to the formula: L = n * V (m 3 / h), where n is the normalized air exchange rate, hour-1, V is the room volume, m 3.

To calculate by multiplicity, you need:

1. Calculate the volume of each room. Volume = length x width x height.
2. Calculate the air volume for each room. Formula: L = n x V.
3. We summarize all the obtained exponents of L.
4. We compose the balance equation Σ L пр = Σ L выт.

After the air exchange is calculated, it is necessary to select the circuit on which the ventilation system will be laid. General requirements are imposed on the ventilation system:

1. As with natural and mechanical ventilation, air must be emitted above the roof. Allowed the removal of air from outside the building.
2. Inflow of air at mechanical system  must be carried out with a grate. In this case, the grid must be located at least 2 m from the ground level.
3. The movement of air in the room should be organized in such a way that it moves from the living quarters to rooms with the allocation of "harmfulness": kitchen, bath, toilet room.

Ventilation for fire safety

To ensure safety in the room, you must comply with the following requirements:

1. Air vent and ventilation equipment should be located in each fire compartment.
2. Air ducts installed in ventilation must be fire-resistant and must be equipped with air closures.
3. Reverse and fire valves are mandatory in the application of ventilation.
4. The fire protection of the air vent should be considered, as well as protection from smoke.

Fire-fighting measures to prevent the spread of fire through ventilation

To ensure fire safety you need:

1. Combine the air outlets and collectors of the room with the mandatory installation of air closures.
2. Install the fire damper on the air ducts at their connection points to the horizontal or vertical manifold.

Ventilation: materials for installation

When installing ventilation, it is necessary to use flame retardant and heat-shielding non-combustible materials. Usually a sheet steel is used for the air vent. The thickness of steel should be from 1 mm and more.

Correctly installed ventilation will help make staying indoors more comfortable and safe for health.