Download presentation on the topic of the East European Plain. Presentation on geography on the topic "East European Plain". Endorheic Caspian basin

Slide 3

• In the north - the seas of the Arctic Ocean
• In the west is the state border of the Russian Federation
• In the east - the Ural Mountains
• In the south – the Kuma-Manych depression

Slide 4

1. KUMO-MANYCH DEPRESSION, tectonic depression separating the Ciscaucasia from the East European Plain. The width is 20-30 km; in the central part it narrows to 1-2 km. In the anthropogene - a sea strait connecting the ancient Black Sea and Caspian basins. Nowadays there is a system of lakes and reservoirs: lake Manych-Gudilo (the largest and saltiest), etc., the Veselovskoye reservoir with the river flow. Manych in the lower reaches of the Don. To the east, the Kumo-Manych Canal was created. The easternmost part of the Kuma-Manych depression is occupied by the lower reaches of the river. Kuma.
2. Panorama of Lake Manych-Gudilo

Slide 5

• The unevenness of the crystalline foundation is explained by the fact that it is divided into blocks of different heights, which are now experiencing slow vertical movements (they are called “secular fluctuations”). In certain parts of the Russian Plain, these fluctuations in the crystalline basement range from 4 to 10 mm per year.
• Tectonic structure

1.What lies at the base of the Russian Plain?

2.What is a shield?

3.What features of the relief did this cause?

• The Russian Plain is based on an ancient Precambrian platform. The folded foundation lies at varying depths and comes to the surface only on the Kola Peninsula and in Karelia (Baltic Shield).

Slide 6

• The rise of the foundation of the platform of the Russian Plain is repeated by the Central Russian Upland, the Smolensk-Moscow ridge and General Syrt.
• The lowest part of the Russian Plain is the flat Caspian depression; it corresponds to an extensive and deep deflection of the foundation. The formation of the low-lying Trans-Volga region, the Moscow Basin, the Oka-Don and Pechora low-lying plains is also associated with the lowering of the ancient foundation.
• Look at the map. What vertical movements predominate in certain areas of the Russian Plain?

Slide 7

• Look at the map. What exogenous factors influenced the formation of the relief of the Russian Plain?
• The northern part of the Russian Plain in Quaternary times was covered by ancient glaciers.
• The extreme south of the Russian Plain was flooded by seas in the Neogene and Quaternary times, and is characterized by weak dissection and an almost flat surface.
• To the south, large hills and lowlands alternate, along which large rivers flow. Erosive terrain is common here.

Slide 8

• During maximum glaciation, ice penetrated far to the south along the Dnieper valley. The glacier did not cover the Central Russian Upland, flowing only to its edges. As a result, moraine ridges and outwash were formed. Under the influence of a glacier, loess was deposited in the south of the Russian Plain - porous yellowish rocks, on which fertile soils formed over time. When the glacier retreated, the northern part of the Russian Plain was flooded with water, which is why lakes Ladoga and Onega were formed.

Slide 10

• To the south there was an accumulation of material brought by the glacier. Terminal moraine ridges and hilly moraine relief were formed here.
• Along the southern edge of the glaciation, glacial meltwater deposited masses of sandy material. Flat or slightly concave sandy plains arose here.

Slide 11

• After the plain was freed from the glacier and sea waters that covered it, the formation of river valleys began. The Central Russian and Volga Uplands and the General Syrt are separated by lowlands along which the Don and Volga flow. Erosive terrain is common here. The hills are especially densely and deeply dissected by ravines and gullies. The watershed between the Western and Northern Dvina, Pechora and the Dnieper, Don and Volga rivers passes through the Valdai Upland and Northern Uvaly.

Slide 12

• Arctic belt
• Subarctic belt
• Temperate zone
• Climate zones

Slide 13

• Under the influence of what air masses is the climate of the Russian Plain formed?
• Why do VMs easily penetrate the territory of the Russian Plain?
• What factors have a decisive influence on winter and summer temperatures?
• Using Figures 39-40 of the textbook (pp. 89-90), determine in which direction the January and July temperatures change.

Slide 14

• Analyze the table data.

1. How do July and January temperatures and temperature range change?

2. How does the amount of precipitation change?

3. Conclude in which direction continentality is increasing on the Russian Plain.

Slide 15

• The Russian Plain is located in the temperate climate zone, only the extreme north is in the subarctic. The climate is temperate continental. Continentality increases to the southeast. The territory is influenced by the westerly transport of air masses and cyclones moving from the Atlantic, and therefore receives more precipitation compared to other large plains.

Slide 16

Rivers of the Russian Plain

The rivers of the Russian Plain belong to which ocean basins?

• Arctic Ocean
• Atlantic Ocean
• Inland drainage basin

Distribute the largest rivers of the Russian Plain in accordance with the basins to which they belong:

• Volga, Dnieper, Northern Dvina, Western Dvina (Daugava), Don, Pechora, Mezen, Onega, Neva.

Slide 17

What type of nutrition do the rivers of the Russian Plain have?

• All rivers of the Russian Plain are predominantly snow-fed. Rain and groundwater play a significant role in feeding northern rivers.

What is the regime of the rivers of the Russian Plain?

• Most of the rivers of the Russian Plain are rivers with spring floods.

Slide 18

• Volga is a symbol of Russia
• Volga (length - 3531 km, S basin 1360 thousand km2). The longest and most abundant river in all of Europe. It is connected to 5 seas by canals.
• Starting from a small swamp on the Valdai Hills, the river carries its waters to the Caspian Sea.

Seven thousand rivers, in no way equal:

And from the rushing mountains there is a stormy rush,

And between the fields in smooth bends

Flowing into the distance - seven thousand rivers

She collected from all over -

Big and small - up to one.

What from Valdai to the Urals

They furrowed the globe.

A. Tvardovsky

Slide 19

• The main sources of nutrition for the Volga are snow (60%) and groundwater (40%). In winter the river freezes.
• "Strelka" at the confluence of the Volga and Oka.
• Crossing several natural zones on its way, it reflects in the water surface large cities, majestic forests, high slopes of the right banks, and coastal sands of the Caspian deserts.
• Nizhny Novgorod
• Caspian lowland

Slide 20

• Nowadays the Volga is a grand staircase with mirrored steps of reservoirs that regulate its flow. The water falling from the dams provides electricity to cities and villages.
• The Volga is a working river, an artery of life, the mother of Russian rivers, glorified by our people.
• Shipping on the Volga.
• Volzhskaya HPP.

Slide 21

Volga in the works of Russian artists.

• I. E. REPIN. Barge Haulers on the Volga (1870–1873)
• I.I. Levitan. "Volga after the rain" 1889

Slide 22

Lakes

Look at the map fragment. Name the largest lakes of the Russian Plain.

• Ladoga lake
• Lake Onega
• Lake Peipus-Pskov

Slide 23

Ladoga lake

• The largest lake on the Russian Plain. Its area is 18,100 square meters. km. The average depth is 51 m. The lake reaches its greatest depth (230 m) in the northern part.

Slide 24

• During the Great Patriotic War, transportation along Ladoga was the only link between besieged Leningrad and the country. In winter, a road was built across the ice of the lake, called the “Road of Life.” In total, during the blockade, about 1 million people were evacuated to the rear through Lake Ladoga and 1.7 million tons of cargo were transported.
• There are about 660 islands on Lake Ladoga with a total area of ​​435 square meters. km. The most famous on Lake Ladoga are the Valaam Islands.

Lake Peipus-Pskov

• Lake Peipus-Pskov is the third largest natural freshwater body of water in Europe. The lake is located on the territory of Estonia and the Pskov region. Its area is about 3550 sq. km. It is of glacial origin and consists of three parts - Lake Peipus, Lake Pskov and the strait connecting them, called Teply Lake. There are about 30 islands on Lake Peipus-Pskov. The lake is navigable and is a rich fishery reservoir.
• As the legend says, the famous “Battle of the Ice” took place on Lake Peipsi, in which the Russian army led by Alexander Nevsky defeated the army of knights of the Livonian Order.

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Presentation on the topic "East European (Russian) Plain" on geography for schoolchildren. Contains twenty-six slides. The presentation includes tests that will allow you to control the consolidation of the material.

Text fragments from the presentation:

Atabiev Ibragim Adrahmanovich, geography teacher, Secondary School No. 1 named after. Hero of the Soviet Union M.M. Ummaev village. Upper Balkaria, Cherek municipal district of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

1. Geographical position
2. Geological structure
3. Relief
4. Climatic conditions
5. Inland waters

Geographical position

• What is the area of ​​the Russian Plain?
• What natural areas does the Russian Plain border with?
• What is the extent of the plain from north to south and from west to east?

What seas wash the Russian Plain?

1. White
2. Karskoe
3. Caspian
4. Azovskoe
5. Baltic

Which bays are indicated by numbers?

1. Kandalaksha
2. Onega
3. Finnish
4. Taganrog

Uniqueness of the Russian Plain:

• The most developed territory of the Russian Federation.
• More than 50% of the country's population lives.
• The largest plain in area in the Russian Federation (about 3 million km).
• The most complete set of software. The largest number of reserves.
• The largest area of ​​glaciation. The largest glacial lakes in our country

Geological structure

• Platform -…
• Shield - …

Shield - a section of the earth's crust where rocks of the crystalline basement of the platform emerge on the surface

1. On the East European Platform.
2. In the northwestern part of the plain is the Baltic Shield.
3. The maximum height of the plain is 1,191 m (Khibiny).
4. The minimum height of the plain is (-28 m) (Caspian lowland).

1. On what platform is the plain located?
2. In what part of the plain is the Baltic Shield located?
3. Maximum height of the plain?
4. Minimum height of the plain?

Relief

1. Khibiny
2. Timan Ridge
3. Valdai Upland
4. Smolensk-Moscow airway
5. Central Russian Upland
6. Volga Upland
7. Northern Uvaly
8. Bolshezemelskaya tundra
9. Oka-Don Plain
10. Caspian lowland

Slides of relief types:

• Khibiny
• Timan Ridge
• Valdai Upland
• Smolensk-Moscow Upland
• Central Russian Upland
• Volga Upland
• Northern Uvaly
• Bolshezemelskaya tundra
• Oka-Don Plain
• Caspian lowland

Central Russian Upland

Climatic conditions

Describe the climate of the plain according to plan:

1. In what climate zones is it located?
2. How does temperature change from northwest to southeast?
3. How does precipitation change from northwest to southeast?
4. Which VMs predominate and their direction?

Draw a conclusion

Inland waters

Show the rivers belonging to the basin:

1. Arctic Ocean
2. Atlantic
3. Internal drain

Inland waters:

1. Timan Ridge, Valdai Upland, Central Russian Upland.
2. Rivers with spring floods, mixed feeding with a predominance of snow.
3. On northern rivers, because floods begin from the upper reaches of the rivers.

Questions:

1. What landforms are watersheds?
2. What is the regime and nutrition of all the rivers of the Russian Plain?
3. On which rivers is there a danger of flooding?

Answers

Find the lakes on the map:

• Chudskoye
• Onega
• Ladoga
• Seliger
• Ilmen
• Elton
• Baskunchak

What is the origin of their lake basins?

Test on the topic “Russian Plain”

1. In terms of size, the Russian Plain:

1. First in the world
2. Second in the world
3. Third in the world
4. Fourth in the world

2. The flatness of the territory is due primarily to the fact that ...

1. The relief was formed under the influence of external forces
2. Subjected to repeated glaciations
3. At its base lies an ancient Precambrian platform

3. The folded foundation within the plain reaches the surface...

1. On the Valdai Hills
2. On the Kola Peninsula and Karelia
3. On the Timan Ridge
4. On Northern Uvaly

4. Which area of ​​the plain experienced repeated influence of Quaternary glaciation

1. South
2. Northern
3. Western
4. Eastern

5. What landforms are located on the plain:

1. Central Russian Upland
2. Vasyugan Plain
3. Khibiny
4. Valdai Upland
5. Sibirskie Uvaly
6. Oka-Don Plain

6. What type of climate is in most of the plain?

1. Temperate continental
2. Moderate monsoon
3. Sharply continental
4. Marine temperate

7. Select rivers belonging to the Atlantic Ocean basin:

1. Volga
2. Pechora
3. S. Dvina
4. Mezen

8. Which lakes are of glacial-tectonic origin?

1. Elton
2. Ladoga
3. Baskunchak
4. Onega
5. Chudskoye

“West Siberian Plain” - The length of the Irtysh on Kazakhstan territory is 1400 km. A lot of minerals are found in the West Siberian Plain. The location of the ridge is from west to east. There is a mining and processing plant in the city of Rudny. In winter the river freezes. The climate of the West Siberian Plain is continental and quite harsh.

“Soils of Russia” - Soil types. Soil-forming factors. V.V. Dokuchaev. 1. 2. 3. 4. Lesson topic: Soils of Russia. Alternation of soils on the territory of Russia when moving from north to south. Soil profile. Soil characteristics according to plan.

“Russian Plain” - Why don’t trees grow in the tundra? Average temperature, July: +37, January: -4; -16. Precipitation amount 750mm. Why is the tundra strip on the Russian Plain narrow? What impact has human intervention had on the nature of forest-steppes and steppes? Noticeable differences are in January temperature and annual precipitation.

“Natural zones of the cold zone” - Tundra zone. Steppes. Temperate forests. Taiga mixed broadleaf forests. Taiga. Deserts. Mixed and broad-leaved forests. Natural zones of the cold zone. Tundra ecosystem. Semi-desert steppes. Arid temperate zones. Natural areas of the earth. Power circuits. In the direction from the pole to the equator, natural zones replace each other in a certain order. cold moderate hot moderate cold.

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