Percentage of people infected with HIV in Russia and European countries. Statistics in different risk groups. HIV incidence in Russia: development of the situation and prospects Map of HIV-infected people in the world

The word “AIDS” is known to every person on earth and means a terrible disease, against the background of which there is an uncontrolled drop in the level of lymphocytes in a person’s blood. The disease state is the final phase of development of HIV infection in the body, leading to death. The first descriptions of the disease date back to the 80s, when doctors around the world encountered its manifestations.

Statistics data

Currently, AIDS in Russia is spreading at a colossal pace. Statistics officially recorded the number of infected people. Their number is shocking with its zeros, namely, there are about 1,000,000 patients with HIV infection. These data were announced by V. Pokrovsky, head of the Center for Epidemiology of the Russian Federation. Statistics claim that during the Christmas holidays of 2015 alone, the number of people infected with HIV corresponds to the figure of 6,000. Pokrovsky noted these data as the highest figure for all previous years.

As a rule, the issue of AIDS becomes the most discussed twice a year. The AIDS Center declared the beginning of winter (December 1) as the Day against the Disease. In the first days of May, the Day of Mourning is held for those who died from the “plague of the 20th century”. However, the topic of AIDS and HIV infection was touched upon outside these two days. The UN statement stated that the Russian Federation has become a global center for the spread of HIV. Particularly frequent cases of the disease have been registered in the Irkutsk region. It has become a generalized center of the HIV epidemic.

This information once again confirms the progression of the disease. V. Pokrovsky has repeatedly stated this, and UNAIDS documents have also reported this. Dmitry Medvedev, during a meeting of the health commission, confirmed the presence of cases in the country and an increase in the number of patients by 10% annually. Frightening facts came from the lips of V. Skvortsova, who believes that in about 5 years, AIDS in Russia could reach the level of 250%. These facts indicate an all-encompassing epidemic.

Percentage of cases

Discussing the problem, V. Pokrovsky argues that the typical way of infecting women is through sexual intercourse. The fact is that AIDS in Russia is recorded in more than 2% of the male population aged 23 to 40 years. Of them:

• with drug use - about 53%;
• sexual contact - about 43%;
• homosexual relationships - about 1.5%;
• children born to mothers with HIV infection - 2.5%.

The statistics are truly shocking in their numbers.

Reasons for AIDS Leadership

Experts note two main indicators of the deterioration of the situation in this area.

• AIDS in Russia is spreading at such a rapid pace due to the lack of programs to combat it. The fact is that in the period 2000-2004, the Russian Federation received support to overcome this problem from an international fund. After the Russian Federation was recognized as a country with high incomes, international subsidies were suspended, and internal subsidies from the country’s budget became insufficient to overcome the disease.
• The disease is advancing by leaps and bounds due to drug use through injection. The AIDS Center confirmed that about 54% of citizens received the disease “through a syringe.”

The statistics are shocking due to the widespread nature of the disease. The risk of becoming HIV-infected increases every year. The number of deaths from this disease has also increased.

According to V. Pokrovsky, there are 205,000 people in Russia. This figure covers only the surveyed segments of the population. This includes patients who are already registered as having received the infection. According to experts, to this number should be added potentially hidden HIV carriers who do not receive treatment and are not registered with a doctor. In total, the figure could reach 1,500,000 people.

The most problematic area for AIDS

AIDS statistics in Russia show how widespread the problem is. At the moment, the situation affecting the Irkutsk region is considered the most critical. The region's chief doctor for combating the disease stated that almost every 2 people out of a hundred have a confirmation of an HIV test. This corresponds to 1.5% of the total population of the region.

Three out of four incidents involve sexual contact between people under 40 years of age. When the circumstances are clarified, it often turns out that the infected person had no idea that he had become a carrier of the infection and requires intensive treatment.

In V. Pokrovsky’s report, the phrase was said: “If 1% of women carrying a fetus are diagnosed with HIV based on blood tests, then epidemiologists have the right to classify the disease as a generalized epidemic.” It was this indicator that was confirmed by doctors in the Irkutsk region. The situation has worsened due to the lack of specialized center and negligent attitude towards the problem of the regional governor.

Along with the Irkutsk Territory, a difficult situation is observed in 19 other regions. These include areas:

• Samara;
• Sverdlovskaya;
• Kemerovo;
• Ulyanovskaya;
• Tyumen;
• Perm region;
• Leningradskaya;
• Chelyabinskaya;
• Orenburgskaya;
• Tomskaya;
• Altai region;
• Murmanskaya;
• Novosibirsk;
• Omsk;
• Ivanovskaya;
• Tverskaya;
• Kurganskaya;
• Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug.

The first place in the black list is occupied by the Sverdlovsk and Irkutsk regions, followed by Perm, followed by the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug, and the Kemerovo region concludes the list.

The leadership of the regions is far from encouraging. In these areas, you can take the test anonymously at any doctor's office.

AIDS: cost of treatment

While anonymous testing is free in most cases, the treatment itself will require significant investment. The pricing policy of pharmaceutical companies in the field of antiretroviral therapy in our country is quite strict. So, when comparing prices, it can be noted that a course of treatment in African countries is equal to 100 dollars, in India it will be from 250 to 300 dollars, but in Russia you should pay about 2000 dollars for it. This amount is unaffordable for many residents of the country.

Statistics indicate that over the past year, only slightly more than 30% of the sick population were able to receive antiretroviral care. The reason for this fact is the inflated prices set by medicine suppliers.

If it turns out that your partner is HIV-positive, you need to get tested urgently. AIDS is a dangerous, fatal disease, so delay in examination can end disastrously for the patient.

1. For the first time, people on the planet learned about the disease only 3 decades ago.
2. The most insidious strain is HIV 1.
3. Compared to the original virus, today's HIV has become more adaptable and tougher.
4. In the 80s, the disease sounded like a synonym for a death sentence.
5. The first case of infection was recorded by doctors in Congo.
6. Many experts are of the opinion that it was the secondary use of syringes that led to such a rapid spread of the disease.
7. The first person to open the list of people who became infected and died from AIDS was a teenager from It happened in 1969.
8. In America, the first spreader of the disease is considered to be homosexual Steward Dugas, who died of HIV in 1984.
9. The list of famous people in the world who have died from the virus can be read with tears in your eyes. The disease claimed the lives of Arthur Ashe, Freddie Mercury, Magic Johnson and many others.
10. The case of Nushawn Williams is considered egregious, who, knowing about his infection, deliberately infected his partners, for which he received a prison sentence.
11. Do not despair if it sounds like our immune system is able to resist the disease. So, out of 300 people, the body of one copes with the disease on its own. This means that our body includes a gene that can protect us from the virus, and we can hope that soon a terrible diagnosis will not mean a death sentence.

HIV infection in the world is one of the most progressive sexually transmitted diseases. It is also worth noting that AIDS statistics in the world, as a rule, absolutely do not correspond to the true picture of the spread of the disease, since research methods are based only on patients who are served in medical institutions. At the same time, most carriers of the infection and patients do not even suspect they are infected due to reluctance or inability to see a doctor.

Another factor contributing to the concealment of truthful information about the spread of AIDS in the world is the fear of politicians and doctors being to blame for the inability to contain the avalanche of infection that is rapidly moving towards humanity.

State of the spread of HIV in the world

The number of HIV-infected people in the world is growing exponentially. First of all, this is due to the fact that the problem of AIDS in the world does not lend itself to the basic rules of combating infectious diseases, which are based on the exclusion of one of the components of the epidemiological process:

1. Source of the disease.
2. Path of transmission.
3. Receptive population.

In countries around the world, HIV has long become the number one problem. For every infection to spread, there needs to be a source, a transmission route that ensures the virus reaches a susceptible population. In the case of HIV, there is no way to act on any of the three components that contribute to the spread of the disease. A huge problem is that most people become infected from carriers of the virus who are in the so-called “serological window”, when a person is already infected, but tests are still negative. It has not been possible to exclude the latter factor for many decades, since the invention of a vaccine against immunodeficiency has been postponed indefinitely due to insufficient knowledge, research and technical capabilities.

Taking into account the above, HIV statistics in the world will worsen every year, since many people on the planet underestimate the danger of the immunodeficiency virus. The current HIV epidemic situation in the world can only be influenced by the awareness of the population and support for the fight against AIDS at the state level.

Prevalence of HIV infection (AIDS) in the world

Only by the end of the eighties, the statistics of HIV-infected people in the world reached levels that shocked the world community. In 142 countries, the World Health Organization has identified more than 120 thousand people with AIDS and more than 100 thousand infected with the retrovirus. The real prevalence of HIV in the world is much higher than these data, since there is always a percentage of the population that is not registered in medical institutions and therefore cannot be taken into account in statistical indicators. There are also carriers who are not even aware of their infection. The AIDS epidemic in the world mainly affects people of reproductive age. This leads to a significant loss of the working population, a decrease in the birth rate of healthy children and, accordingly, a decrease in the health indicators of all layers of humanity.

How many HIV-infected people are there in the world?

The question that interests many is how many people have AIDS in the world today? The first places in the world for HIV are occupied by the countries of southern Africa, India, Russia, the USA and Latin America. In these states, infected people make up approximately 15% of the total population. Every year the number of HIV-infected people in countries around the world increases by 5-10 million. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, the number of AIDS patients in the world amounted to more than 60 million. The countries of southern Africa occupy the first place in the world community in terms of AIDS. Due to the unstable economic situation, the possibility of treating and identifying HIV-infected people is very difficult. This leads to the rapid and rapid spread of immunodeficiency among people. The disease progresses very quickly to stage 4 - AIDS.

Epidemiological situation of HIV infection in the world

Countries in which the incidence of immunodeficiency is rapidly increasing:

1. Brazil.
2. countries of Central Africa.
3. Haiti.
4. Indonesia.
5. Bangladesh.
6. Pakistan.
7. Mexico.
8. Great Britain.
9. Türkiye.

The ways in which AIDS spreads in countries around the world to some extent depend on the economic situation in the state and its policy towards HIV-infected people. There are such features:

1. The countries of the European Union, the USA, Australia and New Zealand are characterized by high early detection of the disease among the population. This is due to compulsory health insurance and relatively frequent high-quality medical examinations. Based on the results of the study, we can conclude that 80% of those infected were identified among homosexual men and drug addicts who use intravenous drugs. In childhood, the incidence is practically not recorded. This is due to timely and high-quality treatment of infected pregnant women, which prevents the vertical transmission of immunodeficiency (from a sick mother to a healthy fetus through the placenta, blood, breast milk). Cases of non-sexual transmission are practically never recorded in these countries.
2. For the countries of Africa and the adjacent warm islands, as well as the countries of the Caribbean, Indonesia, the rate of early detection of AIDS is very low. In these countries, the majority of patients are heterosexual. Their age is 18-38 years. Most of these people became infected through sexual contact with prostitutes. Studies show that more than 90% of them are infected with a retrovirus. In African countries, HIV transmission is often associated with sexual contact with an infected woman. More often, such intercourse additionally leads to diseases that are sexually transmitted. And genital ulcers that develop due to these pathologies lead to a higher likelihood of pathogen transmission. In such states, transfusion of blood and its products from an infected donor to a healthy recipient is not uncommon.
3. Countries where HIV was introduced relatively recently. These include Asia and Eastern Europe. Retrovirus infection here occurs primarily through sexual contact. The highest risk of infection is among people who have many sexual partners and do not neglect unprotected relationships with prostitutes.

HIV in Russia

The Ural Federal District ranks first in terms of HIV in the Russian Federation. It has about 800 patients registered per 100 thousand population, which is a very high figure. Over the past 15 years in Russia, cases of detection of immunodeficiency in pregnant women have increased by 15%. At the same time, such women are registered at a later stage, which leads to intrauterine infection of the fetus due to the lack of necessary treatment in the early stages of embryo formation. Also, the Siberian Federal District claims first place in AIDS in Russia, where about 600 infected people per 100 thousand people are registered, most of them have the last stage of development of the disease, that is, AIDS.

Medical news in the world of HIV

Nowadays, the task of creating a vaccine against a retrovirus is in the first place for scientists. A huge amount of research work is now being carried out in the field of molecular microbiology, which undoubtedly brings humanity closer to creating a vaccine against AIDS. Despite this, there are a number of factors that prevent the possibility of obtaining such a drug:

• High ability of the virus to mutate.
• A variety of HIV strains (2 types are currently known).
• The need to combat not only the retrovirus, but also infected cells of the body, as well as AIDS-associated infections.

Due to the fact that the spread of HIV in the world is growing every year, many patients simply do not have time to wait for a vaccine. Therefore, the main way to combat this disease should be aimed at preventive measures. All HIV-infected people in the world receive free treatment, which provides them with the most comfortable life possible. With adequate and competent therapy, patients can live a full and long life. HIV treatment around the world is carried out in regional AIDS centers according to uniform standards and provides for an individual approach to any patient, selection of a regimen depending on the stage of progression of the pathology. The main principle of providing medical care is maximum confidentiality.

AIDS is constantly spreading among the world's population, but it is not yet possible to cure it completely. Therefore, it is worth directing maximum efforts to prevent such a dangerous pathology.

Rospotrebnadzor noted a surge in the incidence of HIV infection: last year, 43% more Muscovites became infected with it than in 2014.

The capital's Rospotrebnadzor is sounding the alarm: in 2015, the number of city residents infected with HIV was almost twice as high as the year before. If two years ago there were 1,626 “positive” people, then in 2015 there were already 2,358. Experts say that the crisis is to blame: there is not enough money to finance special programs, HIV prevention and education of people have stopped.

The sad citywide statistics were broken down by district, and it turned out that the leaders in the number of cases were New Moscow and Zelenograd.

Interestingly, almost half of all those infected in 2015 were Muscovites approaching adulthood (30-39 years old). A quarter of those infected are young people aged 20-29 years. Most often, this terrible diagnosis is given to men - 63%. Z Drug addicts who become infected when using someone else's syringes are most often affected. This turned out to be 53%. About 40% of cases of infection are due to unprotected sexual contacts, another approximately 1.5% are homosexual relationships. Insignificant proportions include mother-to-child transmission of HIV and infection in medical institutions.Moreover, HIV is also diagnosed in teenagers who have not reached the “age of consent.” However, last year there were almost a quarter fewer infected children under 17 years of age: 29 people throughout Moscow.

Judging by the report of specialists, infected mothers in Moscow give birth to mostly healthy children. Rospotrebnadzor calculated that from 2013 to 2015, HIV-positive mothers gave birth to 1,902 children, and only 32 of them had a terrible diagnosis. In 2015, 682 babies were born, but the infection was transmitted to only eight. In 2014, by comparison, much fewer children were born - 593, but the virus was transmitted to twelve of them. That is, there is a decrease in cases of virus transmission.

Over the past three years, doctors have examined13.2 million people are virtually the entire population of the city.In 2015, 4.6 million people were tested for HIV. There are twice as many foreigners among them as in 2014. It is possible that it was foreigners who influenced the negative statistics for 2015 on HIV incidence.

If we tested all migrants, internal and external, this figure would be four times higher,” says Kirill Barsky, head of programs at the Steps AIDS Foundation.- It is impossible to count all migrants with diagnosed HIV infection, because our legislation is structured in such a way that a sick foreigner is deported from the country without the right to enter. Migrants know this and are not tested. And if one of them is diagnosed with HIV, they try to escape underground. Without receiving proper treatment, they themselves partly become the source of the epidemic.

The main Russian AIDS center associates the increase in infections in Moscow with insufficient funding for special programs.

The number of cases is growing, but there is no downward trend. The main reason is the lack of normal prevention,” Vadim Pokrovsky, director of the Federal Center of the Ministry of Health for the Fight against AIDS, told Life. - In general, there should be a unified state program to combat HIV, but in our country no one is doing this yet.

The head of the Ministry of Health, Veronika Skvortsova, already warned a few days ago that if funding for special programs does not increase, then by 2020The HIV epidemic may already cover the whole of Russia.

Experts from the non-profit partnership E.V.A., which provides support to HIV-infected mothers and their children, believe that the number of “positive” cases in Moscow has increased, among other factors, due to pure mathematics: in 2015, people were tested more often.

In 2015, testing programs throughout Russia were expanded, covering many more people. The events were carried out by both non-profit organizations and medical government institutions: they invited people to anonymously take tests and told them how to fight and live with HIV, project coordinator E.V.A. told Life. Alexey Lakhov.

In 2017, 2.6 billion rubles less will be allocated for programs to reduce mortality and prevent the transmission of HIV to children. This money should have been allocated under the “Maternal and Child Health Protection from 2013 to 2020” program. Experts say Russia is one of the world leaders in reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

- In our country this figure remains around two percent, butFunding for the program is now being reduced. And this could lead to the fact that the percentage of virus transmission, which we have achieved with such difficulty, will creep up,” Lakhov warns. - Two percent is a significant achievement, which, I hope, no one will throw away.

Despite problems with funding, the infection is being fought to the maximum. Last year, 13 thousand registered patients received treatment in Moscow.

In 2015, 27.9 thousand HIV-infected people out of 28.6 thousand subject to observation underwent dispensary observation at the Moscow City Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS; dispensary observation coverage was 97.8%.

Previously Life Since 1987, when the first case of the virus was registered in Russia, the total number of cases has approached 750 thousand people. HIV-infected people have the right to receive drugs that suppress the virus free of charge from the government. But not everyone gets it. According to Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova, medications are now being given to 37% of those infected. The plan is to cover 60% by 2020.

Moreover, in some regions there is not enough money even to provide patients with the minimum necessary therapy. Prices for medicines are rising because 90% of procurement tenders are held without competition, and 27 billion rubles of budget money are shared fraternally by several private companies.

And all this despite the fact that a huge number of patients either do not know about the disease at all, or are in no hurry to register and receive free medicines. Many are afraid that they will be fired from work, or that their loved ones will turn away from them if they find out about the illness. Therefore, in the government, those who have not registered with regional AIDS centers. Punishments will be prescribed for violators. Deputy Prime Minister Olga Golodets has already instructed the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other departments to hold a public discussion of this idea.

Statistics on HIV incidence and AIDS mortality vary greatly across countries and continents. The indicators are influenced by the standard of living of the population, economic development, medical and social security, youth policy and promotion of a healthy lifestyle. It would seem that the leaders in immunodeficiency are the backward countries of the third world. However, HIV in the Russian Federation is spreading at a rate that puts Russia in third place in the world ranking in terms of incidence growth rates, behind only South Africa and Nigeria.

HIV statistics in Russia are changing for the worse from year to year. Since 1987, when they first started talking about the terrible diagnosis, and to the present day, the number of cases and mortality has been increasing. The percentage ratios of new cases of immunodeficiency and the population size bring the Russian Federation to a leading position in the lists of countries of the former USSR and the entire planet. Moreover, the main increase in deplorable statistics did not occur in the 90s; neither a change of government, nor a change in way of thinking, nor an improvement in the quality of life are affected - an increase in the rate of spread of HIV is recorded every year. The mortality index (the number of deaths per 1000 people) has increased 10 times over the past ten years.

According to official data, there are about a million HIV patients in Russia, that is, approximately 0.7% of the country's residents are infected with HIV. According to unofficial information from foreign agencies, the percentage in reality is exactly 2 times higher, and this indicates an epidemic of immunodeficiency in the Russian Federation.

In order not to cause panic and not to take away the first place in AIDS from South Africa and Nigeria, in Russia the statistics are slightly adjusted in the right direction. For example, a person with AIDS dies, but the cause of death is a secondary disease - heart failure or a malignant neoplasm, and the patient was not registered for immunodeficiency. This death does not affect HIV mortality. Also, the data on the total number of cases is not sufficiently accurate - there is no mandatory procedure for testing for HIV. Thousands of people do not go to medical institutions or donate blood for years. Naturally, if they are infected, Rosstat and Rospotrebnadzor do not know about it. If a person is diagnosed with HIV, but does not undergo an examination and is not registered with an infectious disease specialist, then such a case is also not taken into account - the patients who are actually registered are taken into account. In Russia, most citizens need to be forced and persuaded to go to the hospital and get treatment. Based on the listed cases, the real AIDS incidence figures in the Russian Federation are definitely much higher.

Regions and cities are leaders in the number of HIV cases

Russia is a large country and, accordingly, statistical data varies by region. The most disadvantaged regions for HIV in recent years have been the Sverdlovsk, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Samara, Orenburg regions, Perm Territory, and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. These regions have the highest rate of increase in incidence and the highest percentage of HIV-infected people - more than 2% of residents are infected with the retrovirus, with a huge number of infected children and pregnant women (every 50th woman giving birth has immunodeficiency). Of the leading cities in HIV, the geography remains identical to the regional one - Kemerovo, Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk.

HIV statistics by age

HIV statistics by age in Russia have not changed for many years - the majority of those infected are young people from 20 to 39 years old, making up approximately 80% of registered patients. Another 10% are aged from 40 to 60 years, 9% are from newborns to 19 years. The latter category of patients is more vulnerable in terms of diagnosis of immunodeficiency. The diagnosis of HIV is accurately established in children from 0 years of age, infected in utero, during childbirth from a sick mother. The remaining children, among whom the peak of injection drug addiction is recorded at the age of 13-17 years, are not tested for the retrovirus and remain unaccounted for.

Reasons for Russia's leadership in HIV infection

The UN has named Russia the epicenter of the global epidemic of secondary immunodeficiency. Inaccurate and underestimated statistics on immunodeficiency in the Russian Federation exceeds the scale of the disaster in other countries. For example, in Germany the increase in incidence is three times less than in Russia. And there, HIV is a national problem, which is being fought and funds are allocated from the state budget. The HIV epidemic in Russia is not considered something global and serious, given the absence of a state program to combat AIDS. By the way, in the United States the state wrestling program appeared in the late 1980s.

There are two main reasons for Russia’s leadership in immunodeficiency infection:

• lack of fight against the disease at the state level - correction of statistics, lack of mandatory HIV testing of citizens without exception, lack of funding - propaganda and youth policy aimed at a healthy lifestyle;
• The epidemic of HIV and drug addiction coincide geographically, that is, the main route of infection in Russia is injecting drugs.

African countries, where at some time every second citizen was HIV-infected, were able to suppress the epidemic and began to fight the spread of infection. An economically and socially developed state must even more so recognize and accept the problem. Otherwise, according to experts, in the next 5 years Russia will come out on top in the world in terms of HIV, and the mortality rate from AIDS in the country will increase exponentially.