82nd Dagestan Infantry Regiment. Armies of the world. Armed Forces of Turkmenistan. Air Force and Air Defense Forces

Historical information about the armed forces of Turkmenistan

After the collapse of the USSR, a large Soviet military grouping came under the jurisdiction of Turkmenistan: from the Turkestan Military District - the administration of the 36th Army Corps, 58th (Kizyl-Arvat), 84th (Ashgabat), 88th Kushka) MSD, 61- I training MOD (Ashgabat), 156th (Mary-2) and 217th (Kizyl-Arvat) aviation regiments of fighter-bombers of the 49th air army, from the 12th separate air defense army - 17th division Air Defense (Ashgabat) with 2 anti-aircraft missile brigades, 12th radio technical brigade and 64th radio technical regiment "152nd (Ak-tepe) and 179th guards (Nebit-Dag) fighter aviation regiments, some parts of the Caspian flotilla, and also a number of other military formations.

In the military-technical aspect, this Soviet legacy was characterized by the following figures: main and medium tanks - 530, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers and armored personnel carriers - 1132, field artillery guns, mortars and MLRS caliber over 100 mm - 540, combat aircraft - 314, combat and other helicopters - 20, as well as several small warships and boats.

Border detachments were deployed on the territory of the Turkmen SSR (135th Nebit-Dagsky, 67th Karakalinsky, 71st Bakhardensky, 45th Serakhsky, 46th Kaakhkinsky, 47th Kerkinsky and 68th Takhta-Bazarsky) , sea and river units of the border troops of the Central Asian border district of the KGB of the USSR. Until 1999, border protection in the Turkmen sector (including at sea) was carried out jointly with the border troops of the Russian Federation, but they left the territory of the country at the request of its leadership (which, according to independent experts, was primarily due to the desire of the ruling regime to control super-profitable drug traffic from Afghanistan).

In addition, the Turkmens got material base and armament of units of internal troops and civil defense troops of the former USSR located in the republic.

Having received mountains of the Soviet and embarking on the creation of a national armed forces, Turkmenistan quickly faced the problem of a shortage of command personnel, since most of the "European" officers left the country that collapsed in the Middle Ages.

At present, this problem is being solved through the training of national officers in their own and foreign military educational institutions, but the military professionalism of the bulk of Turkmen officers raises serious doubts, especially in specialties related to the operation of complex military equipment. So, until recently, there were only a few indigenous combat aviation pilots in the Turkmen armed forces. It got to the point that at pompous military parades the gaze of the "Turkmenbashi the Great" caressed the flight of aircraft piloted by pilots from Ukraine. A significant part of military equipment was sold (including through smuggling) to third countries.

Due to the specifics of the backward Turkmen society with its stable tribal traditions, recruiting of the Armed Forces with conscripts is carried out on the basis of the principle of extraterritoriality, and the command staff (including the highest) in best case subject to frequent rotation, and at worst, repression. Thus, the country's leadership does not allow the emergence of potentially dangerous tribal local ties between the personnel and the population of a particular area, since they belong to different tribal groups. The persisting tribal and clan contradictions, in principle, determine one of the major flaws of the Turkmen military machine (to one degree or another, however, they are also characteristic of other countries of post-Soviet Central Asia).

The Turkmen army is engaged not so much in combat training as in forced labor in various industries and agriculture. As “Turkmenbashi” Niyazov himself stated, up to a third of all conscripts are sent to work in civil organizations.

It is unlikely that this situation changed fundamentally after his death in 2006: despite the well-known tensions in relations between Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan (including due to the problem associated with the joint use of the Amu Darya waters) and Azerbaijan (due to the unsettled status of the Caspian - the most important reservoir of hydrocarbons) and the chronically unstable situation in Afghanistan (the border with which the Turkmen are guarded extremely unsatisfactorily, which causes Kazakhstan's concern), Ashgabat fears more anti-government sentiments in the army than an external threat.

Organizational structure and human potential of the armed forces of Turkmenistan

The military machine of Turkmenistan includes the troops and forces of the Ministry of Defense, the State Border Service, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the National Security Committee and the Presidential Security Service. In addition, it includes the State Courier Service and the State Service for the Registration of Foreign Citizens. The supreme commander in chief of the armed forces is the president of the country.

The actual armed forces, which are part of the structure of the Ministry of Defense, consist of the Army, the Air Force and Air Defense, the Navy, as well as specialized production and service formations employed in the civilian sector of the economy (they are led by the management of special formations of the General Staff). The total number of the Armed Forces as of 2007 is estimated at 26 thousand people, and taking into account production and service formations - up to 50 thousand.

In military-administrative terms, the territory of Turkmenistan is divided into 5 military districts in accordance with administrative division countries into the velayats of the same name - Akhal (center-Ashgabat), Balkan (Balkanabat), Dashoguz (Dashoguz), Lebap (Turkmenabat) and Mary (Mary).

According to the US CIA, the number of military manpower resources (men aged 15-49) in Turkmenistan is about 1.3 million people, of which about 1 million people are fit for military service. About 56 thousand men reach draft age (18 years) annually. The duration of conscript military service is 2 years, with the exception of the Navy, where the term of service is set at 2.5 years. Persons with higher education serve for 1.5 years (earlier this period was set for all conscripts).

The institute of contract military service in Turkmenistan was abolished in 2001, but it was legally established that conscripts, at their request, can do military service not from 18, but from 17 years (apparently, there are quite a few such "volunteers" in totalitarian Turkmenistan, although there are many and deserters, for whose return to military units in the days of "Turkmenbashi" an amnesty was declared). The upper level of the draft age is 30 years (higher only in Azerbaijan).

In accordance with the directives of the ruling regime, a course has been taken towards food self-sufficiency of the armed forces, and the combat training of personnel has been reduced to a minimum; in production and service formations, it is hardly carried out at all.

The training of officers of the Armed Forces is carried out at the Ashgabat Military Institute, and the military departments and faculties that previously existed at civilian universities have been closed in order to increase the annual recruitment of conscripts. In addition, some of the officers are trained in the military educational institutions of Turkey, Ukraine, Russia and Pakistan. The United States also provides some support in this regard.

The openly nationalist personnel policy of the ruling regime, aimed at replacing leading positions, incl. in the army, persons with a “purely Turkmen ancestry” in fjtex generations led to the displacement of “non-title” highly qualified personnel in favor of those whose dignity is not professionalism, but ethnic “title” and belonging to one or another loyal clan.

Turkmenistan buys weapons and military equipment from Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Belarus and Ukraine (this is associated with an increase in the number of tanks in comparison with the Soviet "legacy"). In Georgia, at the Tbilisi aircraft plant, Turkmen Su-25 attack aircraft were repaired.

Ground troops

The number of SVs as of 2007 was estimated in various sources at 21-25 thousand people. At present, the process of their reforming is underway with the transition from the traditional Soviet divisional-regimental structure to a brigade structure, and the ground forces as a whole have a mixed divisional-brigade structure. Most of the formations are cropped, they are fully manned only when mobilized.

Each MSD consists of a tank, 3 motorized rifle, artillery and antiaircraft artillery regiments, combat support and service units, and a brigade consists of the corresponding battalions and divisions.

The ground forces include:

2nd training MSD named after Alp-Arslan (former Soviet 61st training MSD; Tejen);

3rd Army Motorized Rifle Division named after Bayram Khan - is considered an elite formation and can be kept in a state close to the deployed one (former Soviet 84th Motorized Motorized Rifle Division; Ashgabat);

The 11th (according to other sources, the 357th) MRD named after Sultan Sanjar (former Soviet 88th MRD; Kushka, officially Serhetabad);

22nd Motorized Rifle Division named after Atamurat Niyazov (former Soviet 58th Motorized Motorized Rifle Division; Kizyl-Arvat - officially Serdar);

4th MSB named after Togrul-Beg;

5th MSB named after Chagra-bega;

6th MSB named after Gerogly-bega;

152nd Airborne Assault Brigade (Mary);

I missile brigade - possibly disbanded (operational-tactical missile system 9K72);

I am an artillery brigade (152-mm howitzers 2A65 "Meta-B"; Ashgabat);

1st Rocket Artillery Regiment (220-mm 16-barreled MLRS 9P140 Uragan; Ashgabat);

2 anti-aircraft missile air defense brigades of the ground forces

1st engineer-sapper regiment (Ashgabat);

1st Airborne Special Forces Battalion (Ashgabat);

Central military training ground (Kelat).

In service with the ground forces there are (as of 2007):

main tanks T-72 - 702 (according to other sources 808);
BMP-1 and BMP-2 - 855-930 (approximately equally);
BRM-1K - 12;
BTR-60, BTR-70 and BTR-80 - 829;
BRDM-2 -170;
PU of the 9K72 - 27 operational-tactical missile system (according to some sources, 12 launchers were returned to Russia in 2002-03);
152-mm self-propelled howitzers 2G3 "Akatsiya" - 16;
122-mm self-propelled howitzers 2S1 "Carnation" - 40;
120-mm combined self-propelled guns (mortar howitzers) 2S9 "Nona-S" - 17;
152 mm D-1 howitzers - 76;
152-mm howitzers 2A65 "Msta-B" - 72;
152-mm howitzer cannon D-20 - 20-72;
122 mm howitzer D-ZO -180;
220-mm 16-barreled MLRS 9P140 "Hurricane" - 54;
122-mm 40-barreled MLRS BM-21 "Grad" - 56;
122-mm 36-barrel MLRS 9P138 "Grad-1" - 9;
120-mm mortars PM-38, M-120 and (or) 2B11 (complex 2S12 "Sani") - 66;
82-mm mortars BM-37 and (or) 2B14-1 "Tray" - 31;
100-mm anti-tank guns T-12 and (or) MT-12 "Rapier" - 72;
PU anti-tank missile systems of various types - at least 100;
73-mm heavy anti-tank grenade launchers SPG-9 "Spear" -?;
40-mm hand-held anti-tank grenade launchers RPG-7 - 400;
23-mm quadruple ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" - 48;
57-mm anti-aircraft guns S-60 - 22;
Launchers for self-propelled short-range air defense missile systems "Osa" - 40;
PU self-propelled short-range air defense systems "Strela-10" - 13;
MANPADS "Strela-2" - 300.

A significant part of weapons and military equipment is not combat-ready

Air Force and Air Defense Forces

The number of the Air Force and Air Defense Forces as of 2007 is estimated at 4.3 thousand people. In their composition, according to contradictory information in 2007-08, there are:

99th Air Base (67th Mixed Aviation Regiment; Mary-2): MiG-29 fighters, Su-17MZ fighter-bombers, possibly Su-25 attack aircraft;

55th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Nebit-Dag, officially - Balakanabad) - possibly disbanded: MiG-23M fighters - not ready;

107th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Aktepe, near Ashgabat): MiG-23M fighter-interceptors, MiG-25PD fighter-interceptors, Su-25 attack aircraft - the last two types, most likely, are not ready;

47th separate mixed aviation squadron (Aktepe): light military transport aircraft An-24 and An-26, combat helicopters Mi-24, medium transport and combat helicopters Mi-8;

31st separate mixed aviation squadron (Chardzhou - officially Turkmenabat) - existence in question: MiG-21 fighters, Su-7B fighter-bombers, Yak-, 28P fighter-interceptors, JI-39 Albatros training aircraft, medium military transport aircraft An-12 - most likely, all non-ready;

56th aviation equipment storage base (Kizyl-Arvat): MiG-23 fighters and Su-17 fighter-bombers;

Training center: Su-7B fighter-bombers and L-39 Albatross trainer aircraft,

1st anti-aircraft missile brigade named after Turkmenbashi (headquarters and a separate radio technical battalion - Bikrava near Ashgabat, anti-aircraft missile regiments in the areas of Murgaba / 13th air defense missile regiment, Kurtli and Turkmenbashi - former Krasnovodsk): Large air defense system (S-200) , medium (C-75) and short (C-125) range;

> -? -th anti-aircraft missile brigade - presumably (possibly armed with an army self-propelled medium-range air defense system "Krug");

2nd radio technical brigade (2960 people, 129 RSL of various types, scattered throughout the country).

The Air Force and Air Defense Forces fleet includes vehicles:

fighters MiG-29 - 22;
combat training aircraft MiG-29UB - 2;
fighter-interceptors MiG-23M - 230 (including combat training aircraft MiG-23UB);
fighters MiG-21 - 3;
interceptor fighters MiG-25PD - 24;
* fighter-interceptors Yak-28P ^?;

Su-17M fighter-bombers - ^ 65 (including Su-17UM combat training aircraft);
fighter-bombers Su-7B - 3;
attack aircraft Su-25 - 46 (including combat training Su-25UB); ‘
trainer aircraft JI-39 "Albatross" - 2;
medium military transport aircraft An-12 -?; N
light military transport aircraft An-24 - 1;
light military transport aircraft An-26 - 10;
light military transport aircraft An-2 - 10; “V combat helicopters Mi-24 -g-10;
medium transport-combat and landing-transport helicopters Mi-8 - 20.

In the ranks, according to experts, at best, there are nominally 24 MiG-29 / 29UB (their repair is carried out in Ukraine at the Lviv aircraft repair plant), up to 50 MiG-23M, 65 Su-17M / UM, 3 Su-7B, a certain number Su-25, 2 L-39, 1 An-26, 10 Mi-24 and 8 Mi-8. The rest of the machines are in storage, with no prospect of use. The number of pilots capable of fully performing combat missions is estimated at 10-15 people.

With technical assistance from Ukraine, the resource of guided air-to-air missiles for fighter aircraft is being extended.

The number of large (S-200), medium (S-75) and short (S-125) air defense missile launchers is estimated at about 100 units, of which about 30 are considered to be actually combat-ready. intelligence "Kolchuga" supplied by Ukraine.

Air Force reserve - civil aviation of Turkmenistan. The national airline Turkmenistan Airlines, filed in 2006, had 30 aircraft: 4 An-24RV, 7 Boeing 717-200, 3 Boeing 737-300, 4 Boeing 757-200 , 1 - Boeing-767-300EYA, 7 - Yak-40 and 4 cargo aircraft IL-76TD, which can be used for transportation and landing of military equipment.

Naval forces

Although modern Turkmen historiography has already sunk in its research to the assertion that "Turkmen seafarers, among whom were famous sailors, reached the shores of Venice and other European countries", this extremely bold statement can be put on a par with the "discovery" of the fact that Othello was not just a Moor, but a Turkmen Moor (which the Ashgabat "historians" have also thought of recently).

In fact, the maritime component of the national history of the Turkmen boils down mainly to their pursuit of primitive fishing in the Caspian, for which the representatives of this people used Taimun boats carved out of wood. In the late 1930s. a group of Turkmen fishermen, in order to prove the seaworthiness of the Taimuns and their great love for comrade Stalin, made a long voyage, first along the stormy Caspian Sea, then along the Volga and the Moscow to the Kremlin itself. So they still have some maritime traditions.

In the post-war period, the following multi-departmental naval structures of the USSR were deployed in Turkmenistan:

228th brigade of ships for the protection of the water area of ​​the Caspian Flotilla (patrol boat pr. 205M, patrol boat pr. 14081, base minesweeper pr. 1252 and two air cushion boats - probably assault landing craft pr. 1205; basing point - port of Krasnovodsk) ;

46th separate division of border patrol ships and boats of the Central Asian border district of the KGB of the USSR (4-5 patrol boats pr. 1400; basing point - port of Krasnovodsk);

- a detachment of river border boats of the Central Asian frontier district of the KGB of the USSR on the Amu Darya River (the border with Afghanistan, the base point is the village of Kelif) - perhaps a similar detachment was on the Atrek River (the border with Iran);

a separate training coastal missile division of the Caspian Flotilla (Jafara village) Almost all the ships that were in the 228th brigade and the border guards were transferred to Turkmenistan, and for some time (until 1999), two border boats guarding the sea border with Iran were mixed Russian-Turkmen crews. Russian officers of the former Soviet Navy also served on ships of the Turkmen Navy (their first commander was Captain 1st Rank Valerian Repin).

At present, the Turkmen Navy (the only naval base is the port of Turkmenbashi, formerly Krasnovodsk) is under the operational control of the command of the country's border troops. Estimates of the number of their personnel in different sources differ greatly: in some - 125 people, in others - 700 (as of 2007), in some - even 2000 and even 3000 (which is very doubtful).

The naval composition of the Navy is represented by 16 patrol boats: 10 of the "Grif" type (pr. 1400 and 1400M, former Soviet and Ukrainian delivery); one - type "Point" (PB129 "Mergen" - former "Point Jackson", transferred from the US Coast Guard); one - of the "Saigak" type (project 14081, former Soviet), four - of the "Kalkan-M" type (Ukrainian supply; perhaps there are already more of them). There is a former Soviet base minesweeper of the Korund type (project 1252).

Presumably, all of them are brought together in a brigade of ships for the protection of the water area. The number of boats of the "Grif" type is planned to be increased to 20 units by purchasing their improved version "Grif-T" ("Condor"), and of the "Kalkan-M" type - up to 10 (those others are being built and supplied by Ukraine). There is information about the transfer by Iran of some patrol boats for rent, but the details are not known. The completely absurd information that sometimes appears in the press about the lease of an Iranian destroyer by the Turkmen should be attributed to the blatant incompetence of the "writers" who disseminate it.

Judging by the parades held during the life of the dictator Niyazov, the Navy also has a marine corps - according to some sources, a battalion, according to others - a brigade (in fact, these are coastal defense troops, not adapted for amphibious operations due to the lack of landing craft).

On the island of Ogurchinsky (in Turkmen Ogurjaly) in the Gulf of Turkmenistan, there is a coastal observation and communication post of the Navy.

The combat effectiveness of the Turkmen military "fleet", as well as of the armed forces of this country, is more than doubtful.

In the Turkmen merchant fleet for 2003, according to the US CIA, in addition to a few trifles, there were only 2 large ships - a tanker and an oil carrier with a total displacement of 6,873 grt.

Production and service formations

The number of personnel of production and service formations of the Armed Forces of Turkmenistan is estimated at no less than 20 thousand people. They work in various industries and agriculture of the country and, in addition, are involved in the performance of the functions of employees of the state automobile inspection, firefighters, bank guards, post office, telegraph: orderlies in hospitals, etc.

Other military (paramilitary) formations and special services

Ministry of Internal Affairs - the number of personnel is estimated at 27 thousand people (including internal troops).

\ h The National Security Committee (KNB) (estimated number 2.5-4 thousand people) is the main special service of the country. The KNB mainly performs the tasks of the political secret police (carrying out, in particular, brutal repressions in the NKVD style against the opposition), and also deals with the operational cover of the ruling elite's criminal business (supply of weapons, drugs, etc.). In particular, with the direct participation of the KNB, arms and ammunition were supplied to the Afghan Taliban and direct contacts were established with their leadership. Weapons, incl. exported from Ukraine, Romania, Moldova, with the mediation of the KNB and the involvement of private firms as "roofs", was supplied to South Yemen.

The real contribution of the KNB to its declared fight against drug trafficking is eloquently evidenced, for example, by the fact of the execution by a military tribunal of a major of the Turkmen border service Vitaly Usachev, who was trying to interfere with drug trafficking through the Ashgabat airport. The poor major made two of the most serious mistakes in his life: firstly, he remained to serve "independent Turkmenistan", and secondly, he tried to serve this state honestly ...

It should be noted that the KNB itself was subjected to repeated repressions both during the life of the "Turkmenbashi" and after his death - the rulers of Turkmenistan in their own special services see a danger to themselves (apparently, not without reason).

The State Border Service has about 12 thousand personnel. The border troops include 8 border detachments, including Bekdash, Kushkinsky, Kerkinsky and Koytendagsky. The protection of the maritime border under the operational leadership of the State Border Service is carried out by the country's navy (see above). In addition, on the Amu Darya River (the Kelif base point), six small border boats of the Aist type (project 1398, former Soviet) are used.

The security service of the President of Turkmenistan numbers, according to various estimates, from 1 to 2 thousand people.

And the Caucasian Line 11 battalion, with the addition of a part of people from the 2nd and 3rd battalions of the Modlin Infantry Regiment, which were abolished at the same time. These units arrived with their own banners and formed 5 battalions of 4 companies. The 3rd battalion of the Volyn regiment brought with it the St. George's silver trumpet with the inscription: "For the distinction in the defeat and expulsion of the enemy from the borders of Russia in 1812 and in the battles at Brienne-le-Chateau and at the village of La Rottier", granted on April 5 1815 to the 49th Jaeger Regiment, which in 1833 was attached to the Volyn and Minsk Infantry Regiments. Colonel N.I. Evdokimov (later Count, Adjutant General and Chief of the Regiment) was appointed the first commander of the Dagestan Regiment. After the formation of the regiment, it had to build its headquarters in Northern Dagestan, on the site of the destroyed village of Ishkarta, 14 versts from the fortress of Temir-Khan-Shura (completed in October 1847).

From the first days of its existence, the Dagestan regiment took part in the Caucasian War. In 1846, some parts of the regiment took part in clashes and skirmishes that took place near Ishkarta. On June 4, 1847, the 1st and 2nd battalions took part in the unsuccessful assault on Gergebil. From July 26 to September 14, the same battalions, reinforced at the end of August by the 3rd battalion, were during the siege and assault of the village of Salta, and the first two of them were awarded banners with the inscription "For the capture of Salta" for their distinction. Over the next 10 years, the Dagestan regiment had to wage a small war with the mountaineers. Annually, in the spring, 2 or 3 battalions were assigned to separate detachments, which were sent deep into the rebellious country; the rest of the battalions were on guard duty on the line. At the beginning of 1857, the 5th rifle company was formed at each battalion. In the summer of 1857, a special detachment was sent to Salatavia, which included 4 battalions of the Dagestan regiment. On July 14, the detachment laid a fortification at the foothills of the Salatavsky ridge, on the site of the devastated aul of Burtunai, which was designated the headquarters of the Dagestan regiment. The Dagestanis spent the next year building fortifications and building new barracks. On July 16 and 17, 1859, when the Dagestan detachment was crossing the river. Andean Koisu, the 2nd battalion showed heroic prowess and was the first to set foot on the enemy coast. Private Sergei Kochetov and cadet Speer swam under fire across a stormy mountain river and dragged the rope to the other side with a twine. Then a rope bridge was built, over which the 2nd battalion crossed with incredible difficulty. On August 25, the 2nd battalion and rifle companies took part in the capture of Gunib. For the crossing on July 17, 1859, the 2nd battalion was awarded the St. George's banner with the inscription: "For the difference in crossing the Andiyskoye Koisu near the village of Sogrytlo." In addition, on August 4, 1860, the entire regiment was awarded insignia on hats with the inscription: "For the difference in the Caucasus from 1846 to 1859".

On October 21, 1869, the 2nd battalion, assigned to the Krasnovodsk detachment of Stoletov, arrived in Petrovsk and was transported by steamers across the Caspian Sea. Having landed in the Muravyovaya Bay of the Krasnovodsk Bay, the battalion built a fortification on the shore, which served as the beginning of the city of Krasnovodsk. The 2nd battalion stayed in Krasnovodsk until 1875 and was replaced by the 3rd battalion. This battalion served to protect the Russian-Persian border and participated in the most difficult expeditions of General Lomakin against the Turkmen-Teke in 1877 and 1878, and especially in the unsuccessful campaign in Akhal-Teke in 1879.

On October 13, 1870, after the death of Count Evdokimov, he was appointed chief of the regiment Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich. On August 1, 1874, the 4th battalion was allocated to form the 164th Zakatala Infantry Regiment, and the 4th Battalion was formed from the rifle companies of the entire regiment.

At the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. The 1st, 2nd and 4th battalions were mobilized and took part in suppressing the uprising in Chechnya and Dagestan. The 1st and 4th battalions especially distinguished themselves on October 17, during the assault on the village of Tsudakhar, and on November 2, during the capture of the village of Sogrytlo. For the rendered distinctions, the regiment was awarded on January 6, 1879, two St. George's pipes with the inscription: "For the difference in the suppression of the uprising in Dagestan in 1877"; in addition, the 4th battalion was awarded the St. George's banner with the inscription: “For affairs with the rebels in 1877 on October 19 at Tsudahar and on November 2 at the village. Warmed up. "

In 1880, the 1st and 4th battalions took part in the Akhal-Tekin expedition of General Skobelev and on January 12, 1881 they took part in the assault on Geok-Tepe; for this distinction, the 1st battalion was awarded with badges on the caps with the inscription: “For the storming of the Geok-Tepe fortress on January 12, 1881”.

> Thematic catalog

• 1.1840 year. Strengthening the troops in the Caucasus. Overview of military operations from 1840 to 1846. Difficult position of the regiments of the 5th infantry corps Formation of the Dagestan infantry regiment. His combat goton: uniforms and weapons, food and transportation means; people's health. The fighting reputation of the battalions that became part of the regiment. Biographical sketch of Colonel Evdokimov 10
• 2.1846. Apartment location of the shelf. Occupation and relocation of battalions in April. Alarm in Shura on May 26. The appointment of the headquarters of the regiment. Performance of the Ishkartynsk detachment at work; location and occupation of it. Explosion of a powder magazine in the Ukrainian Evgenievsky. Movement of the 5th company of the Dagestan regiment to help the Khasav-Yurt detachment. Fight on July 4 and the location of the kr. Sudden. Speech by the Dagestan detachment to the Mekhtulinskoye Khanate and Akusha. Kuteshinsky battle on October 15. Return of the detachment to Shura. New collections of the enemy. Location of battalions by apartment 51
• 3.1847. The location of the battalions, the production of headquarters work and the settlement of the village. Erpeli Alarm on April 10. Military Enterprise this year; the gathering of the Dagestan detachment, movement and its occupation from 5 to 4 June. The assault on Gergebil and the occupation of troops on 25 July. Taxation of Saltov; the actions of the detachment until 25 August; September 9th attack; assault on Saltov. Garrison activity in Ishkart. Gathering the detachment in Shura and moving to Tsudahar. Award of the 1st and 2nd battalions of banners 71
• 4.1848 year. Unfriendly actions of the highlanders. Moving battalions in April. Gathering of the Dagestan detachment. Siege and capture of Gergebil; construction of Aimyakinskogo fortification. Combat activity of the 1st and 5th battalions. Shamil's invasion of the Samur district and the movement of the Dagestan detachment to the rescue of the Ukrainian. Oh you. Rearmament of the regiment in 1849. The location of the battalions. Hadji Murad's attack on Shura. Participation of the 4th battalion in the siege of the village of Chokh. Combat activity of the remaining battalions; alarms and raids of the highlanders 94
• 5.1850. The new commander of the regiment. Combat activity of the 3rd battalion on the Kumyk plane. Gathering of the Dagestan detachment at Turchidag; movement to S. Archi; disbandment of troops. Occupation and military actions of other battalions of the regiment. Visit to Dagestan by the Heir Tsarevich. Highlanders raid on the night of October 28. 1851 year. Alert on March 6 in Aymyaki. Breakthrough of Khji-Murat into the Shamkhal domain. Gathering of the Dagestan detachment at Turchidag. Breakthrough of Hadji Murad to Tabasaran; the actions of our troops; participation of the 1st and 3rd battalions of the Dagestan regiment in the defeat of his party. Combat activity of other battalions; shootouts with the enemy 119
• 6.1852. Combat activity of the 1st battalion in Chechnya. The assassination of Lieutenant Colonel Soymonov. Gathering of the Dagestan detachment at the Kuteshin heights. A raid to the kudukh farms; the case of July 27; actions of hunting teams. Combat activity of the Ishkartynsk garrison. Case on October 24. Raids to the Gerebil descent and Burtunai. 1853 year. Highlanders' enterprises in the first half of the year; breakthroughs through Sulak in the vicinity of Chir-Yurt; raids and alarms at other points. Gathering of the Dagestan detachment; the location of the battalions in the Kazikumukh Khanate. Occupations and military actions of the regiment in the second half of the year. general characteristics battalion stations 153
• 7.1854. The new commander of the regiment. Excitement in Kaitag and business with the enemy in the Makhtuli possession. Combat activity of the regiment's units. The movement of the 2nd battalion to the left wing of the Caucasian line. 1855 year. Our position is in the Eastern Caucasus. Shootouts with the enemy. Riots in Kaitag. Gathering the Dagestan detachment for the summer expedition; foray into Salatavia. The case of September 17 and the alarm on October 26. Excitement in Tabasarani. Transformations in the troops of the Caucasian army. 1856 Combat activity of the 1st battalion of the Dagestan regiment on the left wing. Arrangement of parts of the shelf at the beginning of the year. Raid into Salatavia. Gathering of Dagestan and other detachments. Combat activity of the Ishkartynsk garrison in the second half of the year. Appointment of the new commander-in-chief, Prince Baryatinsky. Transformations in the military command of the Caucasian Krya 187
• 8.1857. The beginning of offensive hostilities in the Eastern Caucasus. Formation of rifle companies and battalions. The location and combat activities of the units of the Dagestan regiment at the beginning of this year. The movement of the Dagestan detachment to Salagavia. The foundation of the new headquarters of the Dagestan infantry regiment at Burtunai. The case of August 1. The assault on Novago Burtunai and the capture of the redoubt on the way to Dylym; case on November 6. Disbanding the detachment. Skirmishes with the enemy of the Ishkartyn garrison. Amenities of the new regiment headquarters. 1858 State of affairs in the Eastern Caucasus. Moving the headquarters of the regiment. The gathering of the detachment and the combat activities of the battalions of the Dagestan regiment in Salatavia. Shootings with the enemy; cases on 24 and 26 August. A visit to Salatavia by the Grand Dukes Nikolai and Mikhail Nikolaevich. The new commander of the regiment. The results of our military operations in 1858 in the eastern Caucasus 248
• 9.1859. Military operations of the troops of the left wing of the Caucasian line in Chechnya. Collection and movement of the Dagestan detachment to Ichkeria. Participation of the 1st and 4th battalions in affairs with the enemy on March 5 and 14. The seizure of the residence of Shamil Vedeya by the troops of the left wing. Extermination by the Daghestani detachment of the villages along Aksai; dissolving it. Movement of the 2nd and 3rd battalions towards Aimaki. Formation of the combined battalion of the Dagestan regiment. The advance of the Dagestan detachment to Michikal and the occupation with. Arugani. Vanguard movement towards the Sagrytla crossing. Combat activity of the combined and 2 battalions from 15 to 18 July during the crossing of the Andi-Koisu. Occupation Accidents. Following the column of General Rakusa to Tilitl. Concentration of troops to Gunib-dag; blockade and assault on Gunib. Conquest of the Eastern Caucasus. Dissolution of troops. New distribution of borders in the province. Awards to the Dagestan Infantry Regiment 299
• 10.1860 and 1861. Military action against the western highlanders. Combat activity of the combined rifle battalion of the Dagestan regiment as part of the Shansug detachment in 1860. The assault of the aul Kabanits; seizing the line pp. Ilya, Shebsha and Athens. Reconnaissance, cutting of glades, laying roads and extermination of auls. Return of the combined rifle battalion to Burtunai. Excitement in Ichkeria. Combat activity of the battalions of the Dagestan regiment as part of the main Ichkerin detachment. Drive to Sayasan aul; lesson in Engeli village; felling of glades and searches; return of battalions to Burtulai. The new commander of the regiment. Road works. Excitement in Unkrathla and the action of the detachment of G.-M. Lazarev. Parking in ukr. Preobrazhensky and its environs. The search for the rifle companies of the Dagestan regiment. Conclusion 335

Ignatovich D. Yu.

The combat chronicle of the 82nd Infantry Dagestan His Imperial Majesty Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich Regiment during the Caucasian War (1845-1861)

Edited by: Lieutenant General Chernyavsky

Original name: Battle chronicle of the 82nd Khotnago Dagestan His Imperial Majesty the Great Prince Nikolai Mikhailovich Regiment during the Caucasian War (1845-1861)

Publisher: Type of. Stationery Glavnok. citizen partly in the Caucasus

Place of publication: Tiflis

Year of publication: 1897

Number of pages: 366 p.

The book contains a detailed coverage of the activities and hostilities of the 82nd Dagestan Infantry Regiment during the campaigns and campaigns of the Caucasian War (1817-1864) in the period from 1845 to 1861. The Dagestan infantry regiment was created in December 1845 from the heavily thinned parts of the Volyn, Minsk and Modlin infantry regiments, as well as the personnel of the 11-line Caucasian battalion. Until 1847, a fortified camp for the regiment was built near the village of Temir-Khan Shur ("Lake Tamerlane"). Parts of the regiment from 1846 to 1859 regularly participated in clashes and battles with mountain formations, his battalions were on combat duty on the Caucasian line. In August 1859, the 2nd battalion and rifle companies of the regiment distinguished themselves in the capture of the village of Gunib.

This publication was prepared as part of the collection, processing of materials and generalization of the experience of military operations in the Caucasian theater of operations, which was entrusted in 1886 to the military-historical department of the headquarters of the Caucasian military district. It was headed by Lieutenant General I. S. Chernyavsky. After his death, the work on the parts of the publication that came out of print in Tiflis was headed by Colonel V.I.

(excerpt from the book "Afghanistan. Notes of the Chief of Intelligence of the 201st Motorized Rifle Division"
Finally, here is the destination - the city of Kyzyl-Arvat (red girl - in Turkmen) of the Turkmen SSR. We arrived there, graduates of the academy Armored forces them. Malinovsky R. Ya 1979, in early September. We are me and my classmate Yuri Korsakov, who had the "luck" to serve in the Central Karakum Desert.
I must say that we were driving in a not particularly cheerful mood, as we were once again driving to a godforsaken corner. Most of all, the feeling of injustice was oppressed: after all, we entered the academy also from distant garrisons: I was from Transbaikalia, Yura - from the Far East. However, the distribution during the release turned out as always: "shaggy" - who is from Germany is to Belarus, who is from Ukraine is to Czechoslovakia, and our brother is from Transbaikalia and the Far East to Turkestan, and from Turkestan to Transbaikalia or the Far East.
However, nothing can be done, we were brought up in the spirit of fulfilling the order and there was not even a thought of dismissal from the army, as is done now: a little dissatisfied with something - slam the report on the table!
We reassured ourselves that, they say, we were not going there for the rest of our lives. However, they really realized that, apparently, just for the rest of their lives. After all, I "jumped out" from Transbaikalia only due to the fact that I entered the Academy of Armored Forces, and now it is unlikely that in time I will be able to enter the Academy of the General Staff. Only a few out of tens of thousands of officers got there. And then there was no other way for us to escape from Turkestan.
I sent my family to my wife's parents in Belarus, on the condition that as soon as I get settled, I will immediately call them. My friend was traveling with his whole family, since he had nowhere to send them: he and his wife were from Sakhalin Island.
For several days on the train "Moscow-Ashgabat" we saw first the steppes, then the sands. There are almost only Turkmens in the carriage, each with his own teapots and bowls. The branded train has good ventilation and no particular heat is felt. We arrived in Ashgabat, spent the night at the station, and in the morning we transferred to the local train "Ashgabat-Krasnovodsk" and were there by lunchtime.
The first impression of the city, of course, was painful. Dust, heat, adobe duval (fences), narrow streets, stunted vegetation, donkeys and camels everywhere. True, when we drove up to the military town in the "Ural" on duty, it became somewhat easier on the soul. Modern 5-storey buildings, lots of greenery, irrigation system, fountains, swimming pools, in short - civilization.
The new four-story building of the division headquarters, where I was to serve, was pleasing to the eye with its neatness. The master's hand and solidity were felt everywhere.
The division commander, Robul Leonty Alekseevich, a young colonel, Moldovan by nationality, received us in the office of both at once. He sat down at the table and talked to us in detail. He graduated from our academy 7-8 years ago and was interested in academic news.
He introduced himself to the deputy commander of the division, Lieutenant Colonel Mironov Valery Ivanovich, and also had a short talk.
Then I went to introduce myself to my immediate superiors: the chief of staff of the division, Lieutenant Colonel Zhurbenko Vladimir Mikhailovich and the chief of the operational department of the headquarters, Lieutenant Colonel Cherkashin Veniamin Alexandrovich. They brought me up to date, Cherkashin showed me my office, introduced me to the officers-operators.
There were two of them: Major Viktor Lyubetsky and Captain Nikolai Artyukhin. I must say that we did not serve in this composition for long, only a year, but we worked together and became friends, as if we had known each other for many years. My boss also recently arrived from Samarkand, where he was the chief of the operational department of the headquarters of a cadre division (that is, a thoroughly reduced division). The officers had served here for 5-6 years and were experienced Turkestanis.
I would like to tell you more about the chief of staff of the division - Lieutenant Colonel Zhurbenko Vladimir Mikhailovich.
He was the oldest Turkestan and a veteran of our 58th division, served in the Karakum Desert for more than 10 years after graduating from the Military Academy named after A. M.V. Frunze.
First, the battalion commander in the 162th MRR, then the deputy chief of the operational department of the division headquarters, then the head of this department, the commander of the 101st MRR in the settlement of Iolotan, 5th Guards. mfd, and since 1978 - chief of staff again 58 division.
In 1980 he entered the VA GSh them. Voroshilov, after graduation he was the head of the operational department in Southern group troops (Hungary), then the head of the operational directorate of the Headquarters of the South-Western direction in Chisinau. After its disbandment, he became Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, Colonel General.
In stock since 1995. He died in 2006 at the age of 66 and was buried in Moscow.
I will briefly tell you about the division in which I was to serve.
The 58th Roslavl motorized rifle division was one of the oldest formations of the KTurkVO. Formed at the end of 1941 near Kuibyshev (st. Barysh) from units of the border troops and the NKVD, it went through the entire war and ended it in Vienna. Immediately after the war, she was relocated to Ashgabat.
In 1949, after a terrible earthquake in the city, when more than 300 people died in the division, it was redeployed to Kizil-Arvat, where it remained until its disbandment in 1992.
Parts of the division were stretched over 250 km. along the only one in the Karakum Desert railroad and were stationed in 3 garrisons: Kizil-Arvat - division headquarters, 162 mechanized infantry regiments, artillery and anti-aircraft artillery regiments, parts of a divisional kit; Kazandzhik - 231 TP, 160 MSR; Nebit-Dag - 161 ms.
The 58th mechanized infantry division was once a mountain infantry division and until now has retained some of its elements: in motorized rifle regiments, instead of tank battalions, there were separate tank companies, in addition to regimental artillery divisions, there were also batteries of 76-mm mountain guns, in battalions - batteries of 82-mm portable mortars ...
Deployed almost to the full state were only 162 MRP on the BMP-1 and 231 TP on the T-55 tanks, the rest of the units were reduced in size. Equipment and weapons, except for 162 MSR, are the most antediluvian. So, the 161th mechanized infantry division was generally armed with BTR-40 armored personnel carriers, produced in the 50s, and in the division's rocket-mortar division, 160-mm mortars of the same age were in service.
The purpose of the division is to cover the border with Iran in the Trans-Caspian sector - almost 400 kilometers. There were no other formations of the Ground Forces in the Central Karakum.
Problems with everyday life were resolved almost instantly. Literally a week later, I received a nice three-room apartment on the first floor (which is especially valuable in the conditions of Turkestan). This is the advantage of the garrisons forgotten by God.
Well, there is a silver lining, he gave a telegram to his wife to go with the children, and took up cosmetic repairs. Or rather, not me, but soldiers from the commandant's company.
For the first time, I went with the chief of staff of the division to the Karakum Desert to reconnoitre the regimental exercises. However, I did not see anything especially new there, because in 1975 I spent almost 3 months on a business trip in the Gobi Desert (Mongolia).
Then there was the first experiment in the Soviet Army to create dual-based divisions, following the example of the Americans in Europe.
Its meaning was that all armored vehicles of the division were stored in the Gobi Desert, 200 km away. from the Mongol-Chinese border. The personnel of our 92 motorized rifle division, stationed near Irkutsk, should be airlifted there directly to the field airfield, located 700-800 meters from the storage base itself. Wheeled vehicles arrived on their own.
I will not describe these 3 months in the desert during the hottest period (June-August). But we suffered there not so much from the heat as from infectious diseases. Almost half of the regiment was in sanitary zone: infectious tents deployed 500 meters from the camp. Who will put the tanks in storage? After all, there were no superfluous people: only driver-mechanics and officers.
Everyone, regardless of rank and position, worked on equipment from early morning until late at night, went dirty and angry, but the amount of necessary work was completed on time.
The village of Mandal-Gobi, where our base was built, is the center of an aimag (district), small in two streets, in the center there are several one-story brick buildings: administration, post office, shop, school. The rest are yurts. So, in fact, I never saw Mongolia.
In the end, it turned out that the dual-basing idea did not pay off. Our division was reduced in strength and the officers, mechanics-drivers of tanks and infantry fighting vehicles who arrived in Mongolia had to sit there alone, waiting for the assigned personnel, which could begin to arrive no earlier than 3 days later.
And China - here it is, and if it happened, what a mess, their armed forces would not wait for the arrival of our personnel and bringing the division into a combat-ready state.
Finally, even the General Staff of the USSR understood this. In the spring of 1979, on the territory of the USSR, our division was staffed to a full state and entered into Mongolia, but not in Mandal-Gobi, where we installed our equipment 4 years ago, but 230 km to the north at the Choir railway station.
Still, they did not dare to put a full division of more than 12 thousand people in the bare desert and carry every nail and every log there for 230 km.
I avoided participation in this, since from 1976 to 1979 I studied at the Academy of Armored Forces in Moscow, but as you can see, in the future, I also did not leave the desert.
What would I like to point out by comparing these two huge deserts and getting to know their natural phenomena?
The Karakum Desert differed from the Gobi, primarily in its climate.
The Gobi is a northern desert and the climate in it is rather harsh, the summers are hot, but the nights are cold. In winter, the temperature there generally reaches 40 degrees below zero. strong winds... There is practically no snow.
The Karakum Desert is a southern desert with a very hot climate in summer and mild winters. In summer, the temperature reaches 45 degrees of heat, the temperature of the soil is up to 70 degrees. Sandstorms are frequent. In winter, rains, sometimes snow, temperatures from minus 3-5 to plus 8 -10. The most enjoyable time of the year.
Outwardly, the Gobi Desert looks more like a steppe, the Karakum Desert - dune sands, takyrs and associated mirages.
Takyrs are flat, elliptical areas with solid surfaces devoid of vegetation, sometimes isolated, sometimes in whole groups. The clayey cover of the takyrs is so hard that when moving on it, a far-spread knock is heard.
The clay-solonetz surface of the takyr is impermeable to water, therefore, when small rain lakes and puddles are formed after spring and rare autumn rains, they usually remain for a long time as water supply sources. In this case, it should be remembered that it is worth driving along it by car, as in a few hours the water disappears from such a hole. This is due to the fact that the softened layer of clay is pressed through, opening the water to the sand. Takyrs are usually surrounded by sands on all sides. Many trails converge on them, crossing the desert in different directions.
Mirages are the offspring of takyrs. You go out onto the dune, and in front of you is a huge lake with a slight haze above the water surface. You drive up - there is no water, it's takyr. Its surface gleams in the sun, creating the illusion of water. Despite the seeming monotony and some kind of silence, the desert also has its own beauty and originality, especially in the morning.
The scourge of both deserts is sandstorms. Of course, operating on equipment, especially BMP, is nothing to worry about. It is necessary to stop the convoy, bring the cars close to one, warn people not to leave the cars, and wait for the end of the storm.
It makes no sense to move, because visibility is 10-20 meters and it is impossible to keep the direction. A sandstorm is always accompanied by a magnetic storm, when the compass needle spins like mad and it becomes useless.
It is much more difficult for the foot units. Again, you need to bring people together. It is advisable to lie down on the ground, wrap your head around anything and wait for the end of the storm, which usually lasts 5-6 hours. Only by acting in this way, you can wait it out and not lose people.
However, back to 1979. Having received a referral to Turkmenistan, I thought more about everyday issues, and not about the military-political situation that was developing in this region. And she became more tense day by day.
Back in the spring of 1978, we were students of the 2nd course of the Military Academy of the Armored Forces. Malinovsky, heard on radio and television about the Saur (April) revolution in Afghanistan. We heard that progressive forces came to power led by the famous writer and public figure Muhammad Taraki and that the USSR supported this revolution and the new government.
Several dozen senior officers of the Afghan army with the rank of lieutenant-colonel majors studied at our academy, we occasionally met with them: they were all swarthy, hunch-nosed, taciturn. Most of them left after the revolution for their homeland, others came instead: young senior lieutenants and captains.
There was nothing surprising in this, revolutionaries from all over the world studied at the academy: Angola, Ethiopia, Somalia, Syria, Iraq, Vietnam, Yemen - you cannot name them all. Now the revolutionary Afghans have arrived.
Looking ahead, I will say that in Afghanistan 6 years later I met one of them, it was Lieutenant Colonel Malkhan, deputy commander of the 20th Infantry Division in Baghlan. Communicating with him, I learned that he, then a captain, entered in 1978, and graduated from the BTV Academy in 1981.
Well, arrived, so arrived. Like all Soviet people, we unanimously supported the party's foreign policy and did not think that a long and unpromising war in Afghanistan would soon await us.
Therefore, I arrived in Turkmenistan with peace of mind, not thinking that in three months I would have to go to war.
By the early autumn of 1979, the military-political situation in the world around Afghanistan began to rapidly escalate. The coup made by Amin and the assassination of President Taraki immediately made the country a "hot spot", foreign radio reported on the military actions of government forces against the opposition. On our radio, this was reported in passing, as if, by the way.
However, soon the terrible events in Afghanistan came to us and my whole life after that went on a completely different scenario. Time passes, the memory of some events is erased, details are forgotten. What happened in December 1979 in Afghanistan became history, an occasion for meetings, a subject for memories, disputes, and experiences. By the will of fate, I happened to become a witness and participant in those events. They are deeply engraved in memory.
The new stage of my life began very mundanely. On December 15 at 15.00 at the headquarters of the 58th mechanized infantry division of the KTurkVO, where I served as the deputy chief of the operational department, and now served as the chief, the "Cord" warning system was activated, and increased combat readiness was announced.
Arriving on alarm, I went to the chief of staff of the division, Lieutenant Colonel Zhurbenko, to clarify the task. He says to me, “I don’t understand anything myself, the signal is battle. I’ll go to call Tashkent, maybe something will become clear.”
A few hours later, a new signal goes - "Military danger". Wow! This is already serious, since it is never used for educational purposes.
They call from the military registration and enlistment offices, report that a mobilization has been announced, specify where to bring the "partisans" - assigned to the military units of the reserve. By nightfall, buses with appointees began to arrive: we began to distribute them, equip them, give out weapons and everything else. Within 3 days, we accepted almost 8,500 people into the division and brought the total number of personnel up to 12 thousand people.
At the same time, we received a cipher telegram from the commander of the TurkVO with an order: after mobilization, the divisions to concentrate in the area 90 km north of Kushka in readiness to enter Afghanistan.
On December 18, the division commander with a part of the headquarters and with the first echelon of units departed to the concentration area. Zhurbenko and I controlled the formation and departure of the rest of the division.
It is impossible to convey in words what was happening these days. Thousands of people and cars were moving in one direction - to the east. After all, not only the KTurkVO units were mobilized, but also border guards, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and others. A total of more than 60 thousand appointees were called up to the KTurkVO, "partisans" - as they were called. The peasants were all called up clean, some enterprises stopped altogether. The darkness is probably like in 1941.
With the "partisans" - its own difficulties. Turkmenistan is not Ukraine: the population density is low, the main contingent is Turkmen, there are no large enterprises, and the necessary specialists, too. After all, representatives of the Turkmen people served in the army mainly in construction battalions, and whoever happened to serve in the combat troops, then in the framed units of the SaVO, TurkVO, where combat training was clearly not up to par.
The conditions for mobilization themselves were also extremely unfavorable. The second half of December, it is winter outside, the frost is -3-5 degrees, this is certainly not Siberia, but not Africa either.
The "partisans", having received uniforms and weapons in the mobilization areas, which were located in the foothills of the Kopet-Dag ridge, found themselves in the cold in an open field. There are tents, potbelly stoves too, but there is very little fuel for them.
The coal available in the peacetime mobilization reserves was consumed literally in the first day. But all around is bare steppe and there is no forest at all. Boxes of ammunition and weapons, tent stakes, tables and stools, and in general everything that could burn, flew into the stoves.
Transport arriving from the national economy was clearly unsuitable for military purposes. These were ZIL-130 and GAZ-53 vehicles with metal bodies, low cross-country ability, unsuitable for transporting people.
Under these conditions, the division commander decided to withdraw the mobilized units from the districts to the living quarters of the garrisons, and where there were none, to the premises of enterprises and departments. I repeat, our division in peacetime numbered about 4.5 thousand people, and it was necessary to arrange housing for more than 8 thousand.
All this, of course, did not fit into any framework of the plans for deployment, but it was also impossible to keep thousands of people in the cold.
Three days after the start of mobilization, they began to form columns of ready-made units and send them to the concentration area 960 km away. from Kizyl-Arvat, right in the desert, between Kushka and Takhta-Bazar, 90 km. from the state border with Afghanistan.
There are also problems here. Cars from the national economy did not have tents, but how to transport people in open cars for almost a thousand kilometers in frost? True, quick-witted "partisans", people with everyday experience, managed to find a way out here too. They began to set up camp tents right in the backs of the truck, and so they got out of the situation.
Of course, the appearance of the columns with such structures in the bodies looked more like a gypsy camp or a traveling circus, but there was no time for beauty. These columns stretched along the entire route with a length of about 1300 km. from the town of Nebit-Dag through Kazandzhik, Kizyl-Arvat, Ashgabat, Mary and almost to Kushka. And this is only one of our 58 MFR!
But the 5th Guards were also mobilized. mechanized infantry division (Kushka, Iolotan, Takhta-Bazar), parts of the Air Force and Air Defense of TurkVO and many others.
On December 25, we learned that at the request of the Afghan government, 108 mechanized infantry division was introduced from Termez to their country.
The Afghan war began, which lasted 3340 days or 9 years, 1 month, 20 days. Who would have imagined such a thing then!
Just a few days before that, the deputy commander of our division, Colonel V.I. was appointed commander of the 108th division in Termez instead of General Kuzmin E.S, appointed deputy chief military adviser in Afghanistan. He took over the division already in Afghanistan.
Looking ahead, I will say that Colonel (and soon Major General) Mironov successfully commanded her there, was awarded the Orders of Lenin and the Red Banner. Further, he held high positions in the Soviet Army and the Armed Forces. Russian Federation: Army Commander, Commander of the Baltic District, North-Western Group of Forces, Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. Colonel General. He died in 2006 at the age of 63.
Then I did not know this, but already on December 16, 1980, the commander of the KTurkVO troops appointed by his order the command of the Limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan: the commander - his first deputy Lieutenant General Tukharinov Yu.V., the chief of staff - deputy chief of staff of the district, General Zemtsov- Lobanova L.N., Chief of Intelligence - Chief of Intelligence of the District, General A.A. Korchagin. and then all relevant district headquarters officials.
In this capacity, they operated until September 1980, when the 40A department and headquarters were formed, the first commander of which was General Tkach B.I, and the chief of intelligence was the deputy chief of intelligence of the KTurkVO, Colonel V.V. Unfortunately, both of them have already died and are buried in Kiev.
On the morning of December 25, I also left Kizil-Arvat with the last column of our division. On the 27th, in the middle of the day, we arrived at the concentration area, and on the morning of the 28th I heard on Radio Liberty that on the evening of the 27th there was an assault on the palace in Kabul, Amin was killed, and new president Babrak Karmal (it is not clear how he became president?), Having addressed the population by radio, announced the creation of a new government.
Frankly, this message left me perplexed. We all believed that the introduction of Soviet troops into Afghanistan was carried out precisely to protect Amin and his government, but here such a turn ...
On the same day, or rather on the night of the 29th, the introduction of 5 Guards into Afghanistan began. Ministry of Internal Affairs stationed in Kushka. We, standing behind her "in the back of the head", were also waiting in the wings.
We received a combat order from the commander of the TurkVO to enter Afghanistan. 58th mechanized infantry division was ordered to concentrate in the area east of Kandahar and to cover the border with Pakistan. I personally held this order in my hands and read it, since there was no such incoming or outgoing operational document that was not reported to me. I repeat that at that time I was acting chief of the operations department of the division headquarters.
Late in the evening, the chief of staff of the division, Zhurbenko, summons me and sets the task: together with him, the chiefs of intelligence, communications, and the engineer service of the division, to leave with a column of the 5th Guards. Ministry of Internal Affairs to Afghanistan and reconnoitre the Kushka-Herat route, since our division will go along it to Kandahar in a day or two.
Escort - a platoon of reconnaissance company 162 MSR. I went to 162 MSR to see the regiment commander, Lieutenant Colonel A. Chernikov, explained the task, and agreed on cooperation. It took half the night.
The rest of the night time was spent on preparing the departure, because we did not just go out for reconnaissance, we went to the combat zone.
Early in the morning of the 29th, they crossed the border and, in the general stream of troops, moved towards Herat. The weather was the most disgusting. Fog, drizzle, freezing at night. The border guards were only Soviet, and there were no checks on their part.
Afghan border guards were not visible at all. The barrier on their side was raised and wired in this position. For some reason I remember it well. Later, I realized that this barrier was a symbol of Afghanistan's surrender to the strength of the Soviet Army and, in general, to the USSR.
We went up to the passes in front of Herat - there is snow and ice. The height of the passes above sea level is not so great - 1300 -1400 meters, but the inability to drive columns in the mountains and the ill-conceived support of the march made it problematic to quickly overcome them. In addition, most of the cars were from the national economy - GAZ-53 and ZIL-130 trucks with low sides, not suitable for transporting people, they skidded on hills, creating congestion, and slid down uncontrollably.
On the most difficult ascents and descents, we had to install BMPs or tracked tractors, which, having hooked the car with a cable, pulled it to the pass, there it was hooked by another tractor and lowered it down on a stretched cable. Long, but reliable. You can't think of anything else here.
The first impression of the Afghans is an unhappy, downtrodden people. In galoshes on bare feet, in clothes that I have seen only in historical films. They paid no attention to the falling snow. They were shouting something, waving dimly glittering lanterns and just hands. There was no electric lighting in villages and even in many cities.
I remember that I was very surprised by the lack of heating in the houses. At best, a potbelly stove with a water tank built into it, in which tea was prepared. But this is with rich people. And in most houses there is a small depression in the floor, where a bunch of straw and dry dung were burning. In general, it is not clear for what: either for heating, or for lighting a room. In a word - poverty, primitive, savagery.
Among the Afghans we met, I did not notice anyone with a weapon. They stood along the road, some, especially children, grabbed whatever was thrown to them from cars: bread, canned food, greatcoats, pea jackets, boots. Others stood at a distance and silently, watched the passing vehicles. However, I did not notice any hostile feelings towards us in their behavior. According to the Afghan calendar, the year 1356 ended (the new year 1357 began on March 1).
By the way, some authors, speaking about this period, refer to the article by General Yu.V. Shatalin. - commander of the 5th Guards. Ministry of Internal Affairs who recalls that the Afghan population greeted the Soviet troops with flowers. This is not true.
I don’t remember that on December 28, flowers grew in the north of Afghanistan. I repeat - it was a nasty cold weather with snow and rain, and the Afghans had no time for flowers.
It is clear that the invasion of the country by a foreign army is not a reason for the manifestation of stormy joy among the local residents. In 1968 I saw on TV the chronicles of the same entry of Soviet troops into Czechoslovakia. There they showed footage of the reaction of its citizens and their ambiguous behavior: from neutral to hostile, but certainly not joyful.
At first glance, the Afghans were somewhat indifferent to this event. Either the traditional oriental equanimity, or the attitude they had brought up for decades, towards the USSR as a friend, played a role.
Soviet people, by their nature and upbringing, have always been compassionate and not indifferent to someone else's misfortune. There could be no thought of any resistance from the Afghans. If we did have losses, it was only from car accidents. On the way, I myself saw several of our cars falling into the gorges.
MI-6 and MI-8 helicopters constantly cruised in the air, transporting paratroopers from the territory of the USSR into the interior of the country. Occasionally, combat MI-24s appeared, patrolling to the sides of the route. The shooting and explosions of bombs were not heard, apparently everything was calm. In some places, small units of the Afghan army met, they were armed and took positions near the road and in the depths of the villages.
After passing all three passes in a day: Rabati-Mirza, Bandaboguchar, Khushrabat, we stopped in front of Herat for the night. Zhurbenko reported the situation to the division commander and he ordered to return. There was no point in going further, since the desert began behind Herat and there were no problems with marching along it.
It was unusual to look at Herat at night: in front of us was a large (by Afghan standards, of course) city, and the city lights were not visible. Solid black haze. This was my first night on Afghan soil. Then I could not even imagine that in three years I would have almost 650 such nights. Much later, I heard the song "Cuckoo", the words of which engraved in my memory for life:
".... I yearn for my native country, for its sunrises and sunsets. Russian soldiers sleep anxiously on the scorched earth of Afghanistan.
They spend their energy generously. They are accustomed to grief, pain, fatigue. They don't save up their strength, so tell me - how much is left for them? "
After spending the night in combat vehicles, in the morning we began our return journey. It was not easy going back to Kushka. An endless stream of cars was going towards us, we had to stop, let whole columns pass.
Sometime in the evening of December 30, we returned to the division. A pleasant surprise awaited me there. My immediate superior, Lieutenant Colonel V. Cherkashin, came from Moscow, he was recalled from refresher courses at the Academy. Frunze M.V. Life became easier, the boss appeared. I got it so badly during these months. Wow, three months after graduation from the academy - and to the war!
Days went by, but our division did not receive a command to enter Afghanistan. General Pavlovsky, the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, flew in by helicopter, other ranks flew in, but no one could tell us for sure whether they would bring us in or not? The first 3-4 days in the division there was an operational group of the General Staff, but then it was sent to Afghanistan, apparently it was not up to us.
Weekdays began. And now for 1.5 months, our division has been standing in the sands between Kushka and Takhta-Bazar. The first tension subsided, this senseless nomadic life is sick of everyone.
The "partisans" had nowhere to escape: to the Takhta-Bazar station - 15 km, to Kushka - 90 km, there were only sands around. Apparently that's why they put us here, because if there was an operational need for us, we would have stood at Kushka near the border, and here, in the sands, we could have been kept for at least another six months.
During this time, we did not sit with folded hands: we conducted several command-and-staff exercises on maps, where we worked out the issues of command and control and interaction when entering a division into Afghanistan. Subdivisions carried out live firing, alignment of companies and battalions - our division gradually became a single combat organism, and not a crowd of armed people.
Not without incidents. During the drawing of one of the stages, the subordinate headquarters began to report the situation and the decision on it in clear text. Imagine ".... make a march along the route Kushka, Herat and to .... concentrate in the area of ​​10 km. East. Kandahar. Take the line ... ... Be ready to repel an attack ...." And so on in the same spirit. And this was in conditions when the entire US electronic intelligence was monitoring the air.
The division did not attach particular importance to this, since they worked in the ultrashortwave range and low-power radio stations. However, this blunder of ours did not pass by the radio control of the KGB. A couple of days later, the division commander received a "stick" from his superiors for violating the rules of radio traffic. The corresponding "infusion" was received by the commander of the guilty regiment, the chief of staff and the chief of communications - the immediate culprits.
And here is a new concern. The first menacing signs of incipient decomposition appeared. Increasingly, emergency situations began to happen in the division: drunkenness, fights, thefts. There were several suicides among officers motivated by drunkenness. In the commandant's company of the division, 2 PM pistols were stolen, they were barely found.
Three conscripts were arrested, including the clerk of our operational department. A trial took place - they all received 2 years of a disciplinary battalion. Thunderstorm smelled in the air. Weapons and ammunition that were on hand were collected and stored according to the rules of peacetime.
Divisional Commander General Robul L.A., seeing this situation, ordered us to urgently develop a two-way divisional exercise in order to occupy the troops with something. Within a week, the division headquarters prepared the necessary documents.
Divided the division into two parts and "fought" with each other. Some defended, others attacked, then the defenders went over to the counteroffensive, and the attackers went on the defensive, and so on. Never before or after have I participated in such a teaching. They lasted almost 2 weeks, we dug the entire desert with trenches and trenches, since there was no agricultural land here. But since the troops are busy, then they have no time for outrage.
After February 23, when quite strong unrest provoked by the opposition took place in Kabul, naturally with the deaths of several dozen (and maybe hundreds) civilians, rumors about the introduction of our division into Kandahar resumed. Again the high authorities flew in from Moscow, in the units they again began to conduct reviews of readiness and all that is connected with this.
By that time, we had already relaxed a little, missing our families, and were eagerly awaiting the order to return. Everyone is tired of the game of war. And here it is ...
However, the leadership of the USSR apparently did not dare to introduce an additional contingent, and in the first days of March, the fate of our division was finally decided. They decided to return her to her places of permanent deployment, and let the "partisans" go home. Apparently in Moscow it was considered that the introduction of troops into Afghanistan was completed successfully and that the forces deployed were sufficient to complete the tasks.
I will say right away that I consider this a serious military miscalculation. It was in Kandahar that there was not enough division to block the open border with Pakistan. Forces of the 70th Omsb Brigade in Kandahar, deployed at the base of the Takhta-Bazar Regiment of the 5th Guards. the Ministry of Internal Affairs were too small to carry out this task. Although the brigade numbered about 4 thousand fighters, and in addition to motorized rifle and tank battalions had an airborne assault battalion, it was still far from a motorized rifle division of 11.5-12 thousand people in terms of combat capabilities.
It was not for nothing that after 5 years, in 1984, a 22nd special forces brigade was deployed in this direction to fight caravans, but in general this problem was not solved until the end of the war.
Therefore, by 1986, OKSVA had gradually increased from 80 to 108.8 thousand people (including 106 thousand servicemen), and the number of military units was brought to 509 in 179 military camps.
For our 58th mechanized infantry division, the Afghan war is over. We set off on our way back with a sense of accomplishment.
What was happening on the roads again is beyond description. Again, about 3 thousand cars were moving, but now from the state border and all at the same time. After all, there were no parallel routes in Turkmenistan. Surprisingly, despite such chaos, there were only a few accidents without human casualties. By March 8, we returned to Kizil-Arvat to the general satisfaction of us, and especially our families.
Immediately after returning, I was sent on another vacation, I went with my family to my parents in Siberia and returned to Kushka only 1.5 months later, when all the consequences of our mobilization deployment had already been eliminated. Of course, it was not without theft and embezzlement, several officers and warrant officers were imprisoned, but in general, nothing seems to have happened.
However, in light of the outbreak of the war in Afghanistan, the entire 1980 was replete with organizational measures. In the spring in Kushka, a new 88th mechanized infantry division was formed at the sites of the former deployment of the 5th Guards. mfd, and in Ashgabat - 36 army corps (earlier in the KTurkVO all divisions were subordinate to the district).
The commander of the corps was appointed Lieutenant General of Tank Forces B.M. Shein. arrived from Kemerovo. The corps headquarters was assembled, as they say, with the rest of the world, as well as units of the 88th mechanized infantry division: 414th infantry regiment - from the Ural district, 129th regiment - from the North Caucasian, Takhta-Bazarsky regiment - from the Baltic, 479th infantry regiment Iolotansky - from the Leningrad districts.
You can imagine what kind of teams they were - a hodgepodge team. I cannot say that all the garbage from the districts was collected there, since the officers and soldiers were not selected there, but were appointed by whole units. And it was categorically forbidden to transfer any of these units to others.
But in itself the presence of a mass of new people, a significant part of whom arrived with a promotion, a new place of service and unusual living conditions significantly complicated the process of forming teams, primarily combat units.
In addition, all of them were told that they were going to fulfill their international duty in Afghanistan. That is, temporarily, for 2 years. Then the replacement. How did it happen? We arrived at Kushka, the rails are over, get off, come! Here you will serve. As the old army joke about Kushka said:
".. Two inscriptions on the Kushkin cross:
The first - "1880 - second lieutenant Ivanov, exiled here for 10 years for a duel"
The second - "1980 - Lieutenant Ivanov, exiled here is unknown, for which it is not known how much."
Among other things, a lot of everyday issues arose: 5th Guards. The Ministry of Internal Affairs went to Afghanistan, but the families remained. We left and vacated a unit apartment. The rest had nowhere to go. And the new arrivals turned out to be, as they say, on beans. Families have nowhere to live, Kushka is a small town and private apartment you can't take it off there. In short, continuous everyday problems, and the main thing is that it was necessary to create an efficient division in a short time, capable of standing on the southern borders of the USSR.
The summer of 1980 was really hot for me. First, in June, I was recruited to the corps headquarters to develop divisional exercises from 88th mechanized infantry division. The corps headquarters consisted of officers, most of whom came from the interior districts and were promoted. That is, there is a sea of ​​ambition, but knowledge and especially skills - zilch! Therefore, several Turkestani officers were brought in to provide practical assistance to the "Varangians". I was among them.
We (this is me and my classmate at the BTV Academy K. Nikishin) spent a whole week in the same car with the corps commander in the desert in the Takhta-Bazar and Kushka area (where our 58th mechanized infantry division was stationed six months ago), choosing places to work out the educational issues of the exercise. It was there that I became closely acquainted with the corps commander.
After this trip - a new assignment. Moscow conducted military tests of the new BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicles. First, they were tested in the mountains in the Caucasus, then they were transported by ferry to Krasnovodsk, where they had to make an almost 600-km march through the desert to Ashgabat. I was instructed to choose a route through the desert and lead a column of 20 vehicles along it away from human eyes, since the technique was secret.
I drove along the route, met in Krasnovodsk the arriving equipment and the deputy commander of the North Caucasus Military District, Lieutenant General Dubinin, reported to him my proposals, he approved them, and after that we set off.
I will not describe how we walked these kilometers along takyrs and dunes in 50-degree heat, you can only feel it on your own skin, but the task was completed and I returned to the division.
And then a tempting offer soon arrived. I was offered the position of commander of a motorized rifle regiment at the station at 88th mechanized infantry division. Takhta Bazar. Without hesitation, I immediately agreed, and a performance was prepared for me.
I went to Ashgabat to talk to the corps commander, Lieutenant-General B.M. Shein, who supported my appointment. However, about a month later, a refusal came from the district, motivated by the fact that I had not passed the post of deputy regiment commander. At the same time, I was offered the post of chief of staff of 129 TP in Kushka. Again, without hesitation, I agreed, and in November the order came for my appointment.
And here is Kushka. I'm here for the first time. Heard a lot about this city. Who does not know the well-known army proverb, which is attributed to the former commandant of the Sevastopol fortress, General Vostrosablin, who in 1905 refused to open artillery fire on the rebellious cruiser Ochakov and was sent by the commandant to Kushka - "They won't give a smaller platoon, they won't send further Kushka."
The first thing that you see, arriving either by train or by car, is a 10-meter cross on a pedestal on the highest hill (height 802). It can be seen from anywhere in the city. This cross is the only surviving of the four built in 1913 in honor of the 300th anniversary of the reign of the Romanov dynasty.
They were delivered at all outlying points Russian Empire: western - in Poland, eastern - Bering Strait, northern - Kola Peninsula, southern - in Kushka. Time, revolutions, wars, climate have destroyed all crosses except for Kushkin's.
Another well-known saying: "There are three holes in the world - Tejen, Kushka and Mary, they also have a younger brother - a small Kizil-Arvat". As for the city of Mary, the regional center in Turkmenistan, this is not entirely true, and the rest of the cities fully met this saying. Well, in one of these holes I have already served a year, now I have to serve in the second.
Outwardly, the city of Kushka was much better than Kizyl-Arvat, although it was smaller in size and population. More modern or something, more well-groomed. And the climate here in the foothills was colder than in the Central Karakum. Afghanistan was 3 kilometers from the outskirts of the city. Here, as it turned out later, I had to live for 2 years, and my family - 4.
Arriving at the division, I introduced myself to its commander, Colonel Bagryantsev. Small in stature, thin, energetic, somehow all bilious, he talked to me for just a few minutes. He reminded me so outwardly of the famous anarchist of the times Civil War Father Makhno (of course, his cinematic version), that I barely managed to suppress a smile. Then I went to the regiment and introduced myself to the regiment commander.
Lieutenant Colonel Kandalin Gennady Ivanovich. It is worth telling about it in more detail. Two years older than me, he commanded a regiment for 3 years already. This new regiment of the new division - 129 tp was formed, like all parts of the division with the rest of the world. Management of the regiment and 3tb - from Rostov-on-Don, 1tb - from Germany, 2tb - Czechoslovakia.
Kandalin himself had previously commanded a regiment in Volgograd. Under two meters tall, impressive appearance. Something similar to the famous film actor O. Basilashvili. A typical leader, as they say now: self-confident, determined adventurer. All the officer's military ranks were received ahead of schedule.
His fate is interesting. Six months later, he became the chief of staff of our division, a year later he was promoted to the post of division commander in Kizyl-Arvat. I went to Moscow for a conversation, there he was received by the Deputy Minister of Defense, supported the appointment and handed him the colonel's shoulder straps.
However, the Military Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU gave him a ride. It turns out that there was a slander on Kandalina. It was reported that he engaged in various machinations and often confused the regimental pocket with his own.
In addition, he did not stand on ceremony with people, he could trample anyone who did not like him, and there were many offended at him. Therefore, they wrote both open statements and anonymous letters. There were plenty of facts, but they did not "pull" the criminal case. Therefore, they decided to refrain from the appointment, just in case.
But we learned about this much later. And now, after he had returned as a colonel, we expected to be appointed soon. However, a month passes, then another, but there is no order. There is also no extract from the order for conferring the rank of "colonel" on him, he receives the money in the same rank.
Apparently he was tired of these omissions and rumors and he, with his usual decisiveness, turned to the commander of the KTurkVO, explained the situation and he presented him to the rank officially. Before being awarded the title, he allowed him to wear colonel's shoulder straps! What was it. However, Kandalin's ordeal did not end there.
He divorced his wife, she never moved to Kushka from Volgograd, married a local girl. The public was once again shocked and slander poured in with renewed vigor.
From all this, at the first opportunity, he rushed to Afghanistan, where he was the chief of staff of the 108th mechanized infantry division in Bagram. I met him there several times. According to the reviews of the chiefs, he was in good standing there, but the tail of the slander was still following him. At the end of 1983, he went to replace him in the North Caucasian District, where he quickly became the commander of the 19 th infantry division in the city of Ordzhonikidze (Vladikavkaz).
After the start of the 1st Chechen war, he was made a scapegoat for the blunders of the top military leadership. In January 1995, after the first unsuccessful battles in Grozny, he was removed from the division and subsequently fired from the army. He never received a general. This is how the fate of a man, whom everyone promised a very great future, had.
Recently I watched a program about the first Chechen war, where TV journalists mentioned Kandalin. Moreover, they described him as a decisive enemy of the war and hinted that he was removed from office for his anti-war sentiments.
I laughed at these speculations for a long time, I knew too well the character and essence of Gennady Ivanovich. He could be anyone, but not a "democrat" and, moreover, a pacifist.

Plan:

Introduction

• 1 Formation and campaigns of the regiment
• 2 Regiment commanders
• 3 Chiefs of the regiment
• 4 Insignia
• 5 Other formations of this name
Literature

Introduction

82nd Infantry Dagestan His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich Regiment

1. Formation and campaigns of the regiment

Formed in Temir-Khan-Shura on December 16, 1845 under the name of the Dagestan infantry regiment from the 2nd and 3rd battalions of the Volynsky, 2nd and 3rd battalions of the Minsk infantry regiments and the Caucasian line No. 11 battalion, with the addition of some of the people from the abolished the same time of the 2nd and 3rd battalions of the Modlin Infantry Regiment. These units arrived with their own banners and formed 5 battalions of 4 companies. The 3rd battalion of the Volyn regiment brought with it the St. George's silver trumpet with the inscription: "For the distinction in the defeat and expulsion of the enemy from the borders of Russia in 1812 and in the battles at Brienne-le-Chateau and at the village of La Rottier", granted on April 5 1815 to the 49th Jaeger Regiment, which in 1833 was attached to the Volyn and Minsk Infantry Regiments. Colonel N.I. Evdokimov (later Count, Adjutant General and Chief of the Regiment) was appointed the first commander of the Dagestan Regiment. After the formation of the regiment, it had to build its headquarters in Northern Dagestan, on the site of the destroyed village of Ishkarta, 14 versts from the fortress of Temir-Khan-Shura (completed in October 1847).

From the first days of its existence, the Dagestan regiment took part in the Caucasian War. In 1846, some parts of the regiment took part in clashes and skirmishes that took place near Ishkarta. On June 4, 1847, the 1st and 2nd battalions took part in the unsuccessful assault on Gergebil. From July 26 to September 14, the same battalions, reinforced at the end of August by the 3rd battalion, were during the siege and assault of the village of Salta, and the first two of them were awarded banners with the inscription "For the capture of Salta" for their distinction. Over the next 10 years, the Dagestan regiment had to wage a small war with the mountaineers. Annually, in the spring, 2 or 3 battalions were assigned to separate detachments, which were sent deep into the rebellious country; the rest of the battalions were on guard duty on the line. At the beginning of 1857, the 5th rifle company was formed at each battalion. In the summer of 1857, a special detachment was sent to Salatavia, which included 4 battalions of the Dagestan regiment. On July 14, the detachment laid a fortification at the foothills of the Salatavsky ridge, on the site of the devastated aul of Burtunai, which was designated the headquarters of the Dagestan regiment. The Dagestanis spent the next year building fortifications and building new barracks. On July 16 and 17, 1859, when the Dagestan detachment was crossing the river. Andean Koisu, the 2nd battalion showed heroic prowess and was the first to set foot on the enemy coast. Private Sergei Kochetov and cadet Speer swam under fire across a stormy mountain river and dragged the rope to the other side with a twine. Then a rope bridge was built, over which the 2nd battalion crossed with incredible difficulty. On August 25, the 2nd battalion and rifle companies took part in the capture of Gunib. For the crossing on July 17, 1859, the 2nd battalion was awarded the St. George's banner with the inscription: "For the difference in crossing the Andiyskoye Koisu near the village of Sogrytlo." In addition, on August 4, 1860, the entire regiment was awarded insignia on hats with the inscription: "For the difference in the Caucasus from 1846 to 1859".

With the fall of Gunib, a period of peace began for the Dagestan regiment. On November 6, 1863, the 5th battalion with a rifle company was allocated to form the Taman infantry regiment, and the Dagestan regiment was brought into the 4th battalion. On March 25, 1864, the regiment was named the 82nd Infantry Dagestan and on November 1 of the same year, Adjutant General Count Evdokimov was appointed chief of the regiment. In the same year, the regiment was assigned new apartments in the Chir-Yurt fortification on the Sulak River.

On October 21, 1869, the 2nd battalion, assigned to the Krasnovodsk detachment of Stoletov, arrived in Petrovsk and was transported by steamers across the Caspian Sea. Having landed in the Muravyovaya Bay of the Krasnovodsk Bay, the battalion built a fortification on the shore, which served as the beginning of the city of Krasnovodsk. The 2nd battalion stayed in Krasnovodsk until 1875 and was replaced by the 3rd battalion. This battalion served to protect the Russian-Persian border and participated in the most difficult expeditions of General Lomakin against the Turkmen-Teke in 1877 and 1878, and especially in the unsuccessful campaign in Akhal-Teke in 1879.

On October 13, 1870, after the death of Count Evdokimov, Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich was appointed chief of the regiment. On August 1, 1874, the 4th battalion was allocated to form the 164th Zakatala Infantry Regiment, and the 4th Battalion was formed from the rifle companies of the entire regiment.

At the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. The 1st, 2nd and 4th battalions were mobilized and took part in suppressing the uprising in Chechnya and Dagestan. The 1st and 4th battalions especially distinguished themselves on October 17, during the assault on the village of Tsudakhar, and on November 2, during the capture of the village of Sogrytlo. For the rendered distinctions, the regiment was awarded on January 6, 1879, two St. George's pipes with the inscription: "For the difference in the suppression of the uprising in Dagestan in 1877"; in addition, the 4th battalion was awarded the St. George's banner with the inscription: “For affairs with the rebels in 1877 on October 19 at Tsudahar and on November 2 at the village. Warmed up. "

In 1880, the 1st and 4th battalions took part in the Akhal-Tekin expedition of General Skobelev and on January 12, 1881 they took part in the assault on Geok-Tepe; for this distinction, the 1st battalion was awarded with badges on the caps with the inscription: “For the storming of the Geok-Tepe fortress on January 12, 1881”.

In 1894, the entire regiment returned from the Trans-Caspian region to the Caucasus.

2. Regiment commanders

• 12/16/1845 - 12/16/1849 - Evdokimov, Nikolay Ivanovich
• 12.16.1849 - 02.14.1854 - Colonel Bronevsky, Pavel Nikolaevich
• 02/14/1854 -? - Colonel Rakusa
• 1855 -? - Colonel Shostak, Andrey Andreevich
• 5.11.1858 - 4.01.1861 - Colonel Radetsky, Fedor Fedorovich
• 4.01.1861 -? - Colonel Orbeliani, Joseph
• 1870 - 1874 - Colonel Gurchin, Vitold Vikentievich
• 12.12.1874 - 12.05.1878 - Colonel (from 2.11.1877 Major General) Perlik, Pyotr Timofeevich
• 04/20/1893 - 11/01/1895 - Colonel (from 11/14/1894 Major General) Ushakov, Ivan Yakovlevich
• 01/13/1903 - 12/15/1904 - Colonel Wendt, Fyodor Khristianovich
• 1906 - acting Lieutenant Colonel Talyshkhanov, Mir Kazim-bek
• 01/26/1907 - 02/20/1908 - Colonel (then Major General) Folbaum, Mikhail Alexandrovich
• 02/06/1913 -? biennium - Colonel Lesnevsky, Joseph Vikentievich

3. Chefs of the regiment

• 11/01/1864 - 10/13/1870 - Adjutant General, General of Infantry, Count Evdokimov, Nikolai Ivanovich
• 10/13/1870 -? biennium - Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich

4. Insignia

1. The regimental banner of Georgievskoye with the inscriptions: "For the capture of Salta on September 9 and 14, 1847, for the difference in crossing the Andiyskoye Koisu at Sogrytlo, for affairs with the rebels in 1877: October 19 at Tsudakhar and November 2 at the village of Sogrytlo."
2. George Trumpet with the inscription: “For the difference in the defeat and expulsion of the enemy from the borders of Russia in 1812 and in battles: at Brienne-le-Chateau and at the villages. La Rottier on April 25, 1813 ". Granted on April 25, 1815 to the 49th Jaeger Regiment (since 1833 - the 3rd Battalion of the Volyn and Minsk Regiments).
3. Two St. George's pipes with the inscription: "For distinction in the suppression of the uprising in Dagestan in 1877". Granted January 6, 1879.
4. Signs on hats with the inscription:
   • in the 1st battalion - “For distinction in the Caucasus from 1846-1859 and for taking by storm the kr. Geok-Tepe January 12, 1881 ". The first distinction was granted on August 4, 1860, the second - on July 9, 1882.
   • in the 2nd-4th battalions - "For Distinction in the Caucasus from 1846-1859". Granted August 4, 1860.

5. Other formations of this name

• Dagestan police- the date of formation is unknown, but not earlier than 1826; disbanded in 1856 December 25, 1860 was again formed under the name of the Dagestan permanent militia (consisting of 10 hundred); finally abolished in 1899
• Dagestan cavalry regiment- formed in 1842 as a two-hundredth division of the Dagestan horsemen, from December 16, 1851 the Dagestan irregular cavalry regiment was named. On the occasion of the Russian-Turkish war, the 2nd and 3rd Dagestan irregular cavalry regiments were formed. The 3rd Dagestan Cavalry Irregular Regiment on October 13, 1878 received the St. George's banner with the inscription "For the capture of Kars on November 6, 1877" and insignia for headgear "For distinction in the Turkish War of 1877 and 1878". At the end of the war, the 2nd and 3rd regiments were disbanded. On March 24, 1904, on the occasion of the war with Japan, the 2nd Dagestan Cavalry Regiment was formed, disbanded at the end of the war, in 1906.

Literature

• Boklevsky... 82nd Dagestan Infantry Regiment, 1845-1911. Grozny, 1911
• Military encyclopedia / Ed. V.F. Novitsky and others - St. Petersburg. : t-in I.V. Sytin, 1911-1915. - T. 8.
• Ignatovich D. The combat chronicle of the 82nd Infantry Dagestan Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich Regiment during the Caucasian War. (1845-1861). Tiflis, 1897 on the Runivers site
• Kazin V. Kh. Cossack troops. Reference book of the Imperial Headquarters. SPb., 1912