home Eco-energy

Wind turbines for the house: types, approximate prices, manufacture by own hands. Wind generator for home. Prospects and expediency.

There are other nuances that need to be considered if you are going to join wind power. So, it is worthwhile to think about where it is best to install a wind generator at the dacha.

A wind generator for supplying a pair of light bulbs and a TV set (a small dacha set of electricity consumers) can be installed directly on the roof of the house, especially if the model is not very noisy. But more serious equipment will have to be taken away from residential buildings - at least 20 m (or better - 30-40 m).

The fact is that during the generator's work electromagnetic fields arise that can not be considered useful for health (living with a powerful wind generator on the roof is like living under an electric transmission line, which no reasonable person will agree to). In addition, they interfere with the operation of electronic equipment.

In addition to remoteness from residential buildings, when installing equipment, the height of the mast should be provided. The higher, the stronger the wind and the more efficient the operation of the wind turbine. Buildings and trees interfere with the wind, so it is desirable to raise the propeller as high as possible.

Optimal is the mast, 10 m higher in height than the highest hindrance (tree, building) within a radius of 100 m.

The choice of the height of the mast of the wind turbine, depending on the height of the obstacle: H - the height of the mast; h is the height of the obstacle; R is the radius of the wind generator (the distance from the axis of rotation to the lower edge of the blade)

Alternatively, you can increase the radius to 200 m, then the mast should be higher than the highest interference by 3-4 m. Installation of a wind generator at the cottage in the middle of the field - the best option: no trees, no houses - there is wind, where to clear up.

If it is not possible to install a wind generator so that there are no obstacles in the 100 m radius for the wind, then at least the length of the mast should be at least 3-4 m from the top of the highest obstacle to the lower edge of the blade.

Unfortunately, not every site can be equipped with a powerful wind generator, observing all the requirements. In addition, the higher the mast, the more expensive the equipment, because you need reinforced fastening and various adaptations to ensure safety and prevent overturning of the mast.

Another disadvantage of the wind turbine is that it can not be used to completely autonomous power supply a country house.

The average wind power plant offered by modern manufacturers is enough to power household appliances, but its capacity is not enough for heating in the cold season.

For example, in the market there are 5 kW wind turbines equipped with a generator, a mast, an inverter and 20 batteries (that is, a complete set of equipment necessary for the device to work). There is such a set of about $ 20 thousand, and the claimed 5 kW produces only under ideal conditions (they are stipulated by the seller, but the wind speed in your region may not meet these conditions).

In fact, such a wind farm supplies only the most necessary consumers with electricity. If you add to them also the external lighting of the house (yard, plot), then the power consumption will increase significantly (even if energy-saving lamps are used) and you will have to purchase a wind turbine that provides 10 kW.

And such equipment in full equipment costs about $ 31 thousand. The declared capacity can be obtained again only under ideal conditions, which may not be in this particular region. Of course, you can install several wind generators or one, but very powerful, designed for small wind speeds. However, this is unprofitable, in addition, the equipment will take up a lot of space.

Taking into account all these disadvantages, the wind farm is recommended to be used as an auxiliary energy source for a country house. In combination with a mini-hydropower plant or a solar power plant, it will perfectly provide the house with electricity.

Wind turbine installation is an excellent alternative to traditional power supplies. But the cost of wind turbines is quite high, it's much easier to make a windmill with your own hands. Before starting this process, you should familiarize yourself with the principle of operation and varieties of wind farms, and then go on to the instructions on how to make a windmill.

Principle of operation and design of the wind generator

The principle of the windmill directly depends on the main function of this device - the conversion of mechanical wind energy into a constant, which is used to provide electricity to one private house or a whole village, depending on the capacity and number of installations.

The wind generator consists of basic and additional components. The main components of each wind farm are:

1. Masts - devices to maintain wind power at the required height, in some models of powerful wind generators, the mast length reaches 200 m. The mast height determines the speed and stability of the windmill.

2. Wind turbine blades are devices that catch wind and power the generator.

3. Generators - devices for converting the mechanical energy of wind into electricity.

In addition to the main components, wind turbines are equipped with additional components that help to improve the wind generator to ensure complete independence from traditional sources of electricity.

Additional components of the wind farm:

controllers - devices that are responsible for the direction of the blades, provide high-quality protection of the windmill and control the charge of the batteries;
battery batteries - used to store energy in the presence of strong gusts of wind. Batteries perform an additional function of equalization and stabilization of energy;
a wind meter or an anemoscope - a device for collecting and accumulating data on the qualitative characteristics of the wind. Anemoscopes are responsible for determining the speed, direction and gusts of the wind;
joint power supply automation - if there are several power sources, such as a wind generator and a diesel or gasoline generator, these devices switch one power source to another;
inverter - a converter of permanent electricity into a variable, which ensures the uninterrupted operation of most electrical equipment.

Wind, falling on the blades of the windmill drives the entire mechanism of the device. During the motion of the wind mechanism, an alternating current is generated, which first comes to the controller for the wind generator and is converted to a constant one. The DC current in the inverter is converted to a single-phase AC and provides the house or other construction with electricity. The residual current accumulates in the batteries that are responsible for the power supply, at a time when there is no wind and the wind generator is not able to generate electricity.

The wind generator is used in parallel with such power sources:

wind generator, working on batteries;
operation of the wind farm in parallel with the battery and solar batteries;
application of a diesel, gas or gasoline generator in conjunction with a wind turbine;
parallel power supply with the help of a wind generator and a traditional electric grid.

Advantages of wind turbine installation

The installation of a wind generator makes it possible to receive environmentally friendly, safe and reliable electricity supply, both for the house, and for a large enterprise or a whole village. Wind generators are also installed in remote places where traditional power supply can not be used, for example, on ships or yachts.

Installing a wind generator significantly reduces the cost of electricity. Once spent on a quality wind generator you no longer have to spend money to pay monthly bills for electricity, the more it is possible to design a homemade windmill that will cost several times cheaper than the purchase.

The wind turbine works as much as possible during the autumn-winter period, when the prevalence of wind is highest. At the same time, the need for electricity increases, since it is necessary to use electricity for heating.

The wind generator works in parallel with other power sources. So, for example, in winter and autumn, it is possible to use a wind generator, and in summer and in the spring - solar batteries.

Calculation of wind turbine power

The power of the wind farm depends on the type of terrain and the amount of electricity consumed, so the choice of a wind generator entirely corresponds to the individual characteristics of the consumer.

To determine the power of the windmill, you need to find out the nominal output power of the wind farm, which depends on the power of the inverter. The output power is determined by the amount of electricity consumed. The easiest way to determine the nominal output power is to calculate the average electricity consumption, to do this, collect electricity bills for the last year, determine the total amount of electricity, and divide the amount by 12.

The formula for calculating wind power:

P = 0.5 * rho * S * Cp * V3 * ng * nb. P is the indicator of the power of the wind generator, rho is the designation of the air density, S is the index of the rotor throwing area, Cp is the magnitude of the aerodynamic effect, V is the wind speed index, ng is the radiator efficiency, and nb is the gear efficiency.

Varieties of wind turbines

By placing turbines to the surface of the earth, wind generators are divided into:

vertical,
horizontal.

The turbine of the vertical wind generator is located perpendicular to the surface of the site on which the windmill is installed, and the horizontal wind turbine has a turbine placed parallel to the ground surface.

Vertical wind generators have several varieties:

1. Standard vertical windmill - characterized by the presence of a vertical axis of rotation and two cylinders. Vertical windmill performs constant rotational movements. The disadvantage of such a windmill is the low consumption of wind energy.

2. The rotary vertical wind turbine is characterized by the presence of a rotor, which reduces the overall load on the windmill bearings, thereby prolonging the operational string of the device. The disadvantages of the rotor windmill is its complicated installation and high cost.

3. A windmill of a vertical axis of rotation with a helicoidal rotor is characterized by the presence of swirling blades, which are responsible for the uniformity of wind rotation.

4. The orthogonal type of a vertical wind generator does not require the presence of a strong wind and works even at the slightest wind speed of 0.7 m / s. Advantages of the orthogonal wind turbine are silent operation, high level of safety, good technical features. The disadvantages of orthogonal wind generators include massive blades and difficult installation.

Horizontal windmills are characterized by the highest coefficient of efficiency and the presence of a wing, which is responsible for the search for wind. Horizontal wind generators operate only at wind speed, which is at least 2-2.5 m / s.

Among the horizontal wind generators are:

single-bladed windmills, which are characterized by low weight and ease of installation;
two-bladed windmills have two blades and quite high revolutions;
three-lobed windmills have an optimum number of blades and are used in the electricity supply of private houses;
multiblade wind turbines are used for the operation of pumping or treatment water stations.

Depending on the material of which the blades are made, the windmills produce:

with rigid blades: metal or fiberglass;
with sail blades.

In relation to the stepping characteristic of the screw, the following are distinguished:

wind generators with fixed pitch;
windmills of the measured step.

Depending on the scope of use, wind generators are divided into:

industrial;
home.

Industrial windmills occupy entire sites and generate a huge amount of electricity. Such devices are manufactured in special plants.

Domestic wind generators can be manufactured independently. Such devices are less powerful and characterized by simplicity and ease of construction.

Making a homemade wind generator

Tools for work:

welding machine;
electric drill;
screwdriver;
soldering apparatus.

Let's consider the instruction on manufacturing of the vertical generator by own hands:

1. First of all, it is necessary to calculate the power of the device and determine the choice of the generator for the windmill. As a generator it is allowed to use an automobile generator. But, the use of the generator from the car has several disadvantages: the speed of rotation of the blades must be high enough to ensure the smooth operation of the windmill; to start such a device, an additional battery is necessary; the car generator has a high weight and weighs the overall design of the wind farm. The best generator for a windmill, there will be a DC motor or electric motors, which were used in electronic computers of the last century. Acquire such devices on the radio market.

2. To optimize the operation of the wind generator, a chain or belt type reduction gear should be used. A belt-type reducer is easier to manufacture, and a chain reducer ensures high reliability of the device.

3. In the manufactured device we use a chain reducer. To make such a reducer, it is necessary to connect the rotor and generator with an old bicycle chain.

4. To attach the generator, use bolts or a plastic pipe with clamps. Fill the areas where the fixing points are filled with silicone or glue.

5. Tips for making the rotor:

from the level of balance of the rotor depends the efficiency of the wind generator;
to make a wind turbine blade, use a two-millimeter aluminum or plastic pipes with a diameter of 6-8 cm;
the size of the blades depends on the speed of the wind: the blades big size they work better with a weak wind, but they have a low rotational speed, and narrow blades rotate faster, but a strong wind is required to work;
it is better to build removable blades of medium size, in order to remove them with a weak wind, and with a strong one to install them.

6. For the construction of the mast, use pieces of steel pipe. The mast should consist of several sections, to facilitate the installation and transportation of the windmill. As masts use antenna towers or telescopic masts.

7. Installing an additional hinge on the mast will protect the wind farm from overload during strong gusts of wind.

8. To make the tail of the wind generator, take a piece of pipe or corner and attach the vertical blade to the end of the segment.

9. The main elements of the control panel is the presence of a voltmeter, an ammeter, a ballast wire resistor and a diode bridge. When the slider of the resistor moves to the extreme position, the circuit opens and the resistor starts to work. The resistor provides an emergency stop of the generator. The maximum current that can withstand a resistor of 20-35 A for half a minute.

10. As an inverter, use a commercially available converter or old uninterruptible power supplies for computers.

Wind turbine layout:

Wind turbine installation

1. Determine the location for installing the mast of the windmill - the roof or the platform. If the mast is installed on the site, you need to fill the foundation and install an anchor ring to fix the mast.

2. The next stage is the assembly and connection of the mast sections.

3. After assembly of the mast, attach the generator with bolts or clamps.

4. Secure the blades on the rotor. Connect the rotor to the mast.

5. Install the wind direction sensors.

6. Install and secure the wind turbine.

7. Connect and start the device.

The minerals extracted from the depths of the earth and used by mankind as energy resources, unfortunately, are not unlimited. Each year their cost increases, which is explained by a reduction in the level of production. Alternative and gaining power supply option are wind power stations for home. They the ability to convert wind power to alternating current, which makes it possible to provide all the electricity needs of any household appliances. The main advantage of such generators is absolute environmental friendliness, as well as free use of electricity for an unlimited number of years. What other advantages does the wind generator have for the house, as well as the features of its operation, we will analyze further.

What is the essence?

Even ancient people noticed that the wind can become an excellent assistant in the implementation of many works. The windmills, which made it possible to turn grain into flour, without spending their own resources, became the ancestors of the first wind turbines.

Wind power stations consist of a certain number of generators capable of receiving, converting and storing wind energy into alternating current. They can quite provide the whole house with electricity, which is taken from nowhere.

However, it must be said that the cost of equipment and maintenance is not always cheaper, rather than the cost of central electricity.

Advantages and disadvantages

So, before joining the supporters of free energy, it is necessary to realize that wind power stations have not only advantages, but also certain drawbacks. From the positive sides use of wind energy in everyday life can be identified as follows:

the method is absolutely environmentally friendly and does not harm the environment;
simplicity of design;
ease of operation;
independence from electricity.

Home mini-generators can, as partially provide electricity, and become a full-fledged substitute for it, transforming into a power plant.

However, do not forget about limitations, which are:

high cost of equipment;
payback comes not earlier than after 5-6 years of use;
relatively small coefficients of efficiency, why power suffers;
requires the availability of expensive equipment: a battery and a generator, without which it is impossible to operate the station on windless days.

To not spend a lot of money for nothing, before buying everything necessary equipment, you should evaluate the profitability of the power plant. To do this, calculate the average power of the house (this includes the power of all used electrical appliances), the number of windy days in a year, as well as assess the terrain where wind turbines will be located.

Basic structural elements

The simplicity of erecting a power plant is due to the primitiveness of the constructive elements.

To use the energy of the wind, such details are required:

wind blades - capture the wind flow, imparting a pulse to the wind generator;
wind generator and controller - contribute to the transformation of the pulse into direct current;
battery - accumulates energy;
inverter - helps convert DC to AC.

The whole scheme of obtaining electricity is simple: the wind twists the impulse, which, passing to the controller, is converted into a current. This current flows into the battery, where a sufficiently long amount of time can be stored. Including any electrical appliance, the inverter takes charge from the battery, converting DC to AC.

Types of power plants

Wind generators differ from each other in the orientation direction of the axis. Allocate:

Wind turbine with a horizontal axis, oriented perpendicular to the air flow. The design is reminiscent of the device and the operating principle of a conventional weather vane. Rotary generator has increased efficiency, and also has more affordable cost. The principle of operation is based on the resistance of the air flow, which sends a pulse that is converted into a current.
The wind generator with a vertical axis is more compact, however, it differs in expensive cost. Their design features do not depend on the direction of the wind, therefore the blades are made in the form of turbines. This reduces the load on the axle, which affects the power. Orthogonal wind generators are most convenient in places where the wind direction is constantly changing.

Power stations can combine several generators, having different spatial axes. Usually this is done when it is required to place a station with a sufficiently large capacity in a small area.

Feasibility of buying for a house

As you can see, the wind generator is quite expensive. Him should be installed only in that case, when:

there is a suitable terrain;
strong wind prevails in the region;
there is no other alternative source electricity.

In other cases, wind power stations will not give the desired result, becoming an unnecessary waste of considerable money. The most optimal option is the option of complimenting generators. For example, their use is the only source of energy in the region, and the duration of windy days is minimal. To do this, use diesel or gasoline generators as the main source of electricity, and use wind turbines only when the element allows (as a variable power source). Solar panels are also ideal for a tandem of receiving electricity in an alternative way.

Also, wind generators can be identified a certain role, for example, perform the function of heating. Accumulated low power is quite capable of heating batteries, saving money.

Calculate the size and placement

To calculate the required number of generators for a wind power plant, consider:

required power;
number of wind days;
features location.

So, in order to install wind turbine was justified cost, you need to determine the number of wind days per year, as well as their predominant direction. Seaside areas and sites in the mountains have the most advantageous location, since here the wind force exceeds 60-70 m / s, and this is quite enough to abandon local electricity.

On plain territory, the wind is distinguished by the uniformity of the flow, but its strength is sometimes not enough to fully secure a private house. Installation near landings and forests is unprofitable at all, since the wind energy is consumed and retained to a greater extent in the trees.

The wind current has an increase in power directly proportional to the distance from the earth's surface. Respectively, than the mast of the windmill above, the greater momentum it will be able to capture. But, the further it is removed from the earth, the greater the. Auxiliary supports do not always fully hold the windmill. With a strong gusty wind, the probability of a high mast falling is much greater than the mast, set at a level of 5-7 meters.

The most optimal removal of the mast from the ground - 10-15 meters. Its attachment is carried out by two methods:

Concreting the base - dig four deep, but small in diameter pits into which the windmill stretches are dipped and concreted. The process is laborious and expensive, but the most reliable. With a strong wind, the mast will remain stationary, and the only damage to it can be the breakage of blades.
Metal extensions - with the help of a metal cable, the windmill is fixed perpendicular to the ground surface, while pulling the cable well, fixing its ends in the ground.

From the choice of the method of fastening the mast depends on the duration of operation power plant as a whole.

It is also important to take care of the site where the generators will actually be located. The site must be equidistant from any structures by an amount that is a multiple of the three dimensions of the mast. If you plan to install a power plant, the structural elements of which were made to order, the installation should be better entrusted to specialists.

The availability of special equipment, as well as experience in carrying out such work, will save the wind power station from premature breakages.

What you need to consider when installing

To operate the wind generator was successful and productive, the following factors should be considered:

near the blades, trees should not grow, and birds should also nest;
if the ground on which the power plant is installed is loose, care should be taken to strengthen it (concreting the site);
any power plant requires periodic maintenance, which consists in cleaning the main elements, so the generator must be installed in such a way that at any time it can be accessed to it completely.

Reporting about reverse side installation of wind generators - about problems from their installation

Cost

If you take into account that the average power required for a full house to provide electricity is 500-1000 kW, then the wind energy is not so free. The thing is that the cost of equipment directly depends on the required capacity. Generators of 10-12 kW, indicated as low-power wind turbines, will cost the buyer in 20-30 thousand rubles. And this is if we take Chinese models that are not equipped with a mast and are not intended for repair. More serious models, reviews about which the best, ranging from 5 volts, will cost on average from 30 000 rubles. The full cost of a complete set of power plant, the capacity of which is sufficient to ensure household needs, is about 160 thousand rubles.

A great story about wind generators and their cost by the example of a specific solution

The price is sky-high, but if you look far ahead, then its payback will be only 12 years.

Manufacturers

Domestic producers of wind turbines, which are entrenched in the market and have proven themselves from the best side:

"Wind-Light";
«Rkraft»;
SKB Iskra;
Sapsan-Energia;
"Wind power".

These organizations not only produce custom-made products, but also provide services for the calculation and design of wind power stations for every taste, choose the most suitable equipment, based on personal measurements, calculations and indicators of the desired power.

Among foreign manufacturers, models of the following manufacturers are very popular:

China: Ming Yang, Sinovel, Goldwind;
Denmark: Vestas;
Spain: Gamesa;
India: Suzion;
USA: GE Energy;
Germany: Siemens, Enercon.

Foreign producers have an elevated level of quality, which is achieved due to the availability of high-tech equipment. However, the installation of such power plants requires the availability of expensive repairs, spare parts for which in domestic stores can not be found.

An interesting opinion: Professor Dovidenko tells why Russia is in no hurry to build wind generators

With your own hands

Every year interest in wind turbines is growing, forcing people to abandon their usual energy resources and switch to alternative ones. Their high and for many inaccessible cost of the whole kit pushes the idea of creating a windmill. The self-made power generator will cost the consumer 3-5 thousand rubles, 90% of the amount is allocated to a quality battery that can hold a charge for a long time.

Advantages of self-made creation of a wind generator are great. Possessing simple skills it is possible to build a mini power plant that can slightly relieve the main power line. The easiest option is a windmill with a vertical rotational axis. It does not require the creation of a support and a high mast, easy and simple to mount, and also has good characteristics. Calculate its power is also not difficult, and how much pride will be generated by the wind power plant, created independently.

Thus, no matter what power a wind power station has, the cost of it leaves much to be desired. Perfect environmental and health safety compete with the sky-high cost of the design itself. In the event that it is not observed, the wind power station, whatever the brand it was, is capable of providing the house with electricity. Many people who are not available to use the usual energy resources, in order to reduce the cost of wind turbines, give it a secondary role, giving preference to gasoline or diesel analogues. With minor tasks and electricity costs, they cope with a bang, and do not stand as half of the car.

The technologies for generating alternative energy have long been developed by the largest companies around the world. Selected European countries provide for savings opportunities through the introduction of similar developments in energy networks in the coming years. One of the most promising areas of this field is wind power, which is not so popular in comparison with solar batteries, but it has its advantages. In particular, they differ in the efficiency of energy production and in absolute environmental harmlessness in operation.

Wind turbine equipment

The household wind power plant includes an electric generator and a turbine, which is installed on a special mast with extensions and untwisted blades. To process the energy received, a battery charge controller connected to the batteries is provided. As a rule, the batteries are used for maintenance-free components at 24 V. Also in the design provides an inverter that is connected to the mains. A more complex device has industrial wind generators, representing a whole range of equipment. We can say that these are full-fledged stations, including a power cabinet with control elements, communication interchanges, electric generators, wind parameters, blades control devices, fire extinguishing means, lightning protection and other components.

Principle of operation

Any wind generator works on the principles of energy conversion. Rotation of active components (blades or rotors) generates lift and impulse forces, due to what the flywheel comes into action. In the process of unwinding the flywheel, the rotor forms a magnetic field on the immobile part of the installation. As a result, the wires begin to receive electric current. This model is common and applies to almost all stations of this type. Another thing is that in practice, wind generators can be subject to adjustments due to weather conditions. Although the developers of designs of the same blades tend to maximally provide for different indicators and forces of the wind, this phenomenon is unpredictable and can be accompanied by many other factors.

Installed power

At this stage of the development of the region it is early to speak of standardized formats for the output of such aggregates, but certain regularities in the indicators of the main characteristics are traced. For example, the power of a wind generator for domestic needs is usually not more than 100 kW. Strange as it may seem, models that provide up to 1 kW are in demand, such installations are classified as micro-power engineering. They are used in equipping yachts, agricultural farms, etc.

More serious industrial and commercial equipment is produced by not so many companies, but the capacity of such installations can reach 5 MW. As a rule, these are massive turbines, the mass of which reaches several tons. At the same time, manufacturers are trying to make the equipment mobile or, at least, provide for the possibility of transportation. If we talk about models for home use, in most cases it is wind generators for 220V, the total power of which can be about 4 kW.

Features of small wind generators

This class of equipment is of the greatest interest from commercial companies and ordinary consumers interested in using wind energy. Installations of this type have a standard design, including blades, a rotor, turbines, means of orientation, a generator with a mast, an inverter and accumulators. The peculiarities of such devices include independence from central power grids, which means that small wind generators for the house can work in an autonomous mode. This format of operation is most attractive for owners of suburban real estate, where there is no stable supply from the central power grid. In addition, the creators of such installations in some models tend to combine the concept of a wind generator and as a result, a mini-station is equipped with a DC module for communication with

Varieties of generators

The principal separation of such installations led to classification according to the axes of rotation. In particular, there is a vertical wind generator and its horizontal analogue of the wing type. The units of the first first group differ in sensitivity to gusts and do not need special orientation. However, similar models have a serious drawback - in comparison with horizontal installations, their working surface is half the size. That is, the vertical rotor axis of rotation of turbines is better oriented to the characteristics of the wind, but initially provides a smaller amount of energy.

In turn, the winged models with a horizontally directed axis are able to interact with wind currents of a larger area. Of course, there is a problem with the direction of the working elements, but this problem is solved with the help of a conventional weathervane. Accordingly, for a number of advantages, the vane installations are currently more promising than the vertical carousel type wind generator. However, the designs are being improved, and it is possible that the middle will come to the fore between these options.

Manufacturers of wind generators

The market of wind turbines is dominated by European and Chinese manufacturers. In particular, the greatest success is shown by the Danish company Vestas, as well as Chinese producers Goldwind and Sinovel.

As for domestic enterprises, they also have something to brag about. In the market, for example, models are available from Sapsan-Energia. To date, users are available two versions of this brand - for 1000 and 5000 watts. The Chelyabinsk enterprise GRC-Vertical produces exactly the vertical type installations from 1500 to 30 000 W. You can find Russian wind generators to provide small amounts of energy. For example, the company "Stroyinzhservis" offers a wind generator for 500 watts. It is important to note that almost every Russian manufacturer provides and service maintenance of equipment, so problems in the content of the machinery should not arise.

Price issue

Each manufacturer, despite the use of general principles for the implementation of installations, still goes its own way. As a result, aggregates with unique characteristics and, accordingly, price tags are obtained. In the initial segment, you can find a wind generator, the price of which will vary from 40 to 70 thousand rubles. This is a mini home station with a job that is best suited for the needs of a small home. Then follow the proposals at a cost of 100-150 thousand rubles. As a rule, these are units with a power of 5000 W, which can be used for commercial purposes.

Feasibility of using wind generators

According to experts, such installations are not always beneficial to use for private needs. This is due to high prices for batteries, inverters and installation. In addition, sometimes it is required to install a diesel generator as a supplement, which also increases the cost of organizing such a method of supplying energy. Nevertheless, wind generators can justify themselves if the conversion is carried out directly into heat. In this case, the function of the generator as a heating system is realized, the possibilities of which can be used for both hot water supply and for elementary heating of the house.

Conclusion

With all the shortcomings, wind installations are actively promoted in the market, attracting all new users. This is due to the prospects of the segment and the attractiveness of those opportunities that provide free energy sources. Already today, wind generators are able to take full energy supply to private houses. Of course, not in all regions the use of such facilities justifies itself due to climatic features. But even in these cases, experts recommend not to abandon such proposals, supplementing installations with photoelectric generators and other auxiliary energy sources.

The capacity of the self-made wind generator will be sufficient for charging battery batteries of a variety of equipment, providing lighting and, in general, the work of household electrical appliances. Having installed a wind generator, you will save yourself from the costs of electricity. If desired, the unit can be assembled by hand. It is only necessary to determine the main parameters of the wind turbine and do everything in accordance with the instructions.

The wind generator design includes several blades rotating under the influence of wind currents. As a result of this influence, the energy of rotation is created. The energy generated by the rotor enters the multiplier, which in turn transfers the energy to the power generator.

Also there are designs of wind generators without multipliers. The absence of a multiplier allows a significant increase in the capacity of the installation.

Wind turbines can be installed either separately or in groups, united in a wind farm. Also, wind turbines can be combined with diesel generators, which will save fuel and ensure the most efficient operation of the electric power supply system at home.

What you need to know before starting the wind turbine assembly?

Before starting the assembly of the wind turbine, you need to decide on a number of key points.

First step. Choose the appropriate type of wind turbine design. The installation can be vertical and horizontal. In the case of self-assembly, it is better to give the choice in favor of vertical models. they are more simple in manufacturing and balancing.

The second step. Determine the appropriate power. In this moment, individually, orient yourself to your own needs. To obtain more power, it is necessary to increase the diameter and mass of the impeller.

An increase in these characteristics will lead to certain difficulties at the stage of fixing and balancing the wind turbine wheel. Take into account this moment and objectively assess your capabilities. If you are a beginner, consider the option of installing several medium-power wind generators instead of one very productive unit.

The third step. Think about whether you can independently manufacture all elements of the wind generator. Every detail must be accurately calculated and made in full accordance with the factory analogues. In the absence of necessary skills, it is better to buy ready-made elements.

The fourth step. Select the appropriate batteries. From car batteries it is better to refuse, since. they are short-lived, explosive and demanding in care and maintenance.

A more preferred option is a sealed battery. They cost a couple of times more expensive, but they serve several times longer and generally have better characteristics.

Pay special attention to choosing the right number of blades. The most popular are wind generators with 2 and 3 blades. However, such installations have a number of drawbacks.

When a generator with 2 or 3 blades operates, powerful centrifugal and gyroscopic forces take place. Under the influence of these forces, the load on the main elements of the wind generator increases substantially. At the same time in some moments the forces act in opposition to each other.

To level the incoming loads and keep the wind turbine construction intact, it is necessary to perform competent aerodynamic calculation of the blades and make them in exact accordance with the calculated data. Even the minimal errors several times reduce the efficiency of the installation and increase the probability of an emergency breakdown of the wind generator.

With the operation of high-speed wind turbines, a lot of noise is created, especially when it comes to self-made installations. The larger the size the blades will have, the stronger the noise. This moment imposes a number of limitations. For example, to establish such a noisy structure on the roof of the house will not work, unless, of course, the owner likes the feeling of life in an airfield.

Please note that as the number of blades increases, the level of vibration generated during the operation of the wind turbine will increase. Two-blade systems are more difficult to balance, especially for the inexperienced user. Consequently, there will be a lot of noise and vibration from wind turbines with two blades.

Give the choice in favor of a wind generator for 5-6 blades. Practice shows that such models are the most optimal for self-made and use at home.

It is recommended to make a screw with a diameter of about 2 m. Almost everyone can handle the work on its assembly and balancing. Having gained experience, you can try to assemble and install a wheel with 12 blades. The assembly of such an assembly will require more effort. The consumption of materials and time costs will also increase. However, 12 blades will allow to produce power at 450-500 Watt even with a moderate wind of 6-8 m / s.

Consider that with 12 blades the wheel will be rather slow, and this can lead to various problems. For example, you will need to assemble a special reducer, more complicated and expensive to manufacture.

In this way, the best option for beginners home master is a wind generator with a wheel with a diameter of 200 cm, equipped with blades of medium length in an amount of 6 pieces.

Accessories and tools for assembly

The assembly of the windmill will require a variety of different components and accessories. Collect and buy everything you need in advance so you do not have to be distracted by it in the future.

Household wind generators

First step. Prepare a three-point concrete base. Depth and in general the thickness of the foundation determine in accordance with the type of soil and climatic conditions in the construction site. Allow concrete to gain strength for 1-2 weeks and install the mast. To do this, bury the supporting mast in the ground approximately 50-60 cm and fix it with stretch marks.

Second phase. Prepare the rotor and pulley. The pulley is a friction wheel. On the circumference of such a wheel is a groove or rim. When choosing the diameter of the rotor, you need to focus on the average annual wind speed. Thus, at an average velocity of 6-8 m / s, a rotor with a diameter of 5 m will be more efficient than a 4 m rotor.

The third stage. Make the blades of the future wind generator. To do this, take the barrel and divide it into several identical parts according to the selected number of blades. Mark the blades with a marker, and then cut out the elements. For cutting, a Bulgarian is perfect, you can also use metal scissors.

Dependence of the wheel diameter on the required power

The fifth stage. Connect the wires to the generator and assemble them in a chain in a dose. Secure the generator to the mast. Connect the wires to the generator and mast. Assemble the generator in a chain. Also connect the battery to the circuit. Take into account the fact that the maximum permissible length of wires in the case of such an installation is 100 cm. Connect the load with wires.

The assembly of one generator takes an average of 3-6 hours, depending on the skills available and overall performance and the master.

The wind generator requires regular care and maintenance.

In 2-3 weeks after installing a new generator, you need dismantle the device and ensure the reliability of the existing fixtures. For your own safety, check the anchorage only in a weak wind.
Lubricate bearings at least 1 time in 6 months. When the first signs of a wheel imbalance appear, remove it immediately and repair any existing malfunctions. The most frequent sign of imbalance is the uncharacteristic trembling of the blades.
At least once every 6 months, check the pantograph brushes. Every 2-6 years paint metallic elements installation. Regular painting protects the metal from damage caused by corrosion.
Monitor the state of the generator. Regularly check that the generator does not overheat during operation. If the surface of the unit is heated to such a state that it becomes very difficult to hold the hand on it, take the generator to the workshop.
Monitor the condition of the reservoir. Any contamination should be removed as soon as possible from contacts, because they significantly reduce the efficiency of the installation. Keep track of the mechanical condition of the contacts. Overheating of the unit, burned windings and other similar defects - all this should be immediately eliminated.

Thus, there is nothing complicated in assembling the wind generator. It is enough only to prepare all the necessary elements, assemble the installation according to the instructions and connect the ready-made unit to the power grid. Correctly assembled wind generator for the house will become a reliable source of free electricity. Follow the instructions and everything will turn out.

Successful work!