Impact screwdriver: principle of operation and application. Cocktail recipes screwdriver Video: replacing the switch button of a cordless screwdriver

When performing plumbing work, a problem that often arises is that bolts, screws and self-tapping screws become damaged by rust. And if appropriate measures are not taken, it may lead to deformation of the metal structure. The most difficult situations arise when unscrewing steel bolts from aluminum parts, because every day corrosive substances hold the materials together more strongly, and they simply “stick” to each other. To solve the problem, just use an impact screwdriver.

Operating principle of an impact screwdriver

The simplest version of such a screwdriver is made in the form of a special tool with a monolithic core, which begins with a tip and ends with a massive heel in the handle area. This product was in demand back in the days of the Soviet Union.

Modern models are equipped with a hexagon near the tip or on the handle, so they are able to transmit rotational force from the key. To successfully complete the task, it is advisable to use a screwdriver together, since one worker will be able to hold the tip in the screw slot and create torque with a wrench, while the other will strike the back of the handle with a hammer.

True, such a solution has some disadvantages.. Among them:

• The need for two partners to work together.
• Lack of conversion of received energy into torque. Hammer blows only unscrew a self-tapping screw or screw, since they are capable of destroying rust and creating a certain vibration. The version of the impact-rotary screwdriver is more advanced, so it can transform the impact force into a rotational movement of the tip, which is very convenient.

In most cases, the term “impact screwdriver” means precisely a modernized solution, since the classic simplest version has long gone out of common use and has ceased to enjoy its former popularity.

In the improved version, the impact-rotating unit is located in the handle, and the sting is fixed on the gear and has characteristic oblique teeth. A clip with counter teeth is used as a handle. Under the influence of hammer blows on the heel of the handle, the clip begins to move along the axis, imparting a rotational movement to the tip through a gear drive.

In this way, a rotation of several degrees occurs, which is quite enough to loosen the protective connection and successfully unscrew the fastener using a conventional tool. As a result, the clip returns to its previous position by means of a spring.

Operating such a screwdriver is not difficult at all. The rotary mechanism is capable of providing a combined translational and rotational force on the screw slot, which is very effective for successfully unscrewing stubborn threaded connections.

Specifications

If you are going to purchase a screwdriver in a store, be prepared to understand the key technical characteristics and equipment of a particular model.

When reviewing these characteristics, it is not necessary to talk about the build quality and reliability of the material from which the tool is made. Trusted companies never use low-quality steel to produce such products.

You should pay attention to the presence of a reverse, which significantly expands the basic capabilities of the device, allowing you not only to unscrew rusty connections, but also to firmly tighten the screw in the place where it is needed.

The next important factor is represented by the device of the handle, which is intended to hold the device and the body. If there is a polyurethane, rubber or polyethylene lining on the body, it is much more convenient to hold the screwdriver. If the pad has a “bulge” in the heel part, this has a positive effect on operational safety. In most cases, screwdriver manufacturers follow two paths:

• The dimensions of the case do not change, while the screwdriver remains highly reliable, but cannot be used in extreme and cramped conditions.
• To expand the scope of application and improve ease of use, the dimensions of the metal case are reduced, although the reliability of the tool suffers because of this. When choosing the ideal solution, you should carefully weigh all the features and only then make a purchase.

It is no secret that popular brands produce screwdrivers along with an additional set of attachments, because without these elements the tool is simply ineffective. The screwdriver comes with a holder for standard bits, and the kit also includes several universal bits.

The market for such products is overflowing with attachments for various splines and hexagons. When purchasing these parts, be careful and consider the build quality. This is a very important parameter that determines the reliability of operation and service life of the screwdriver.

Advantages and disadvantages of the tool

Like any instrument, This screwdriver has its advantages and disadvantages. Working with it, experts note a number of key advantages:

• Effective distribution of impact energy.
• Much less need for physical effort. The classic version requires stronger and more intense blows.
• Possibility of operation without the help of a partner.

As for the disadvantages, they are practically absent, however, if the basic rules are not followed during operation, such disadvantages often appear:

To make the unscrewing process as simple and high-quality as possible, it is enough to avoid irreparable mistakes and follow a number of separate rules:

If the tool equipped with reverse, many experts recommend setting the tightening mode after each displacement of the head, repeating the blows several times, and then unscrewing the hardware again. This is explained by the fact that with this approach, rust elements are removed from the threads particularly well.

Differences between a screwdriver and an impact driver

Many people mistakenly think that an impact screwdriver is a good alternative for a screwdriver, but this is deeply misleading. Both devices differ significantly from each other not only in design properties, but also in their operating principle. The screwdriver transmits impact force in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. By the way, this distinguishes it from an impact drill, which is capable of creating shock loads along the axis of rotation. True, a screwdriver only facilitates the process of unscrewing and tightening an already rotating screw.

The functionality of such devices is completely different:

• Impact screwdrivers perform the initial “breaking” of a screw that has become too “stuck” to the connection.
• An impact-type screwdriver reduces the required pressure on the tool when performing the task.

After studying all the features of the tool, be sure to watch the corresponding training videos that will allow you to decide on a specific model from a specific manufacturer. In this case, you will be able to make the right decision and purchase a truly useful and reliable tool that will serve you for a very long time.

To successfully unscrew a rusty fastening element, it is enough to treat it in time with a rag or a special product. Then the screwdriver is installed on the head of the hardware, preferably perpendicular to it. At the next stage, several blows are made with a hammer on the end of the screwdriver. The success of the upcoming event directly depends on the strength of the tool in the worker’s hand. To eliminate the possibility of your palm sliding along the handle, it is enough to wear a glove, which will significantly reduce the risk of serious hand injuries.

If the fasteners change direction angle relative to the axis, it is enough to make a few more intense blows, and then change the operating mode to twisting. In this case, you will effectively get rid of rust and significantly simplify the remaining work of unscrewing. If the fastener moves out of place, it can be removed using a regular screwdriver.

It is possible that after performing the above actions, the hardware will not change its direction and will remain in the same position. To solve the problem, simply treat the connecting fasteners with high-quality brake fluid, waiting about 30 minutes. Under the influence of such a “bath”, the upcoming dismantling will be as successful as possible, even if the fasteners are very rusty.

If this does not solve the issue, you will have to break out the fasteners. In this case, it is advisable to use a strong hammer and carefully follow the dismantling instructions.

To carry out dismantling work, you should use the following tools:

• Impact screwdriver.
• With a hammer.
• With a rag.
• Brake fluid.

Making your own impact screwdriver

Many people try to make such a tool with their own hands, claiming that the upcoming action does not require special effort or skill. It is enough to take into account all the details of the instructions and avoid mistakes at the assembly stage.

When making a homemade screwdriver you need to take the rotor from the electric motor and cut everything off it, leaving only the bushings and shaft. A piece of steel pipe should be placed on the sleeve to be used as a handle. At the opposite end, a nut is inserted into the scrap, which will prevent damage to the handle. At the next stage, all parts are connected to each other by welding.

Basically, making a high-performance impact driver at home is not as difficult as it may initially seem. If you doubt that you can carry out such an assembly yourself, simply study the existing instructions and watch video tips.

In our country, cocktails that can easily be prepared at home and still have a pleasant taste are especially popular. Everyone has heard about the Screwdriver cocktail at least once.

The original name, rich history, pleasant taste, the ability to change ingredients - that’s what made this drink so famous.

The “Screwdriver” cocktail comes from the USA, where the Turks tried to hide the use of vodka by adding juice and then using a screwdriver to mix the contents. The drink was also very popular during Prohibition due to the juice's ability to hide the alcohol content of the glass.

You can get acquainted with the basic recipe, as well as its variations, from this article. In addition, you will learn how to choose the best ingredients for a given cocktail.

History of the cocktail

For the first time, the press, represented by the Time newspaper, mentioned the Screwdriver cocktail on October 24, 1949. The article concerned the communication of American engineers with Turkish intelligence agents, but made an advertisement for a drink.

Unlike many cocktails that migrated from bartenders to the kitchens of private homes, this drink was originally prepared at home. The fact is that in those days it was almost never found on the cocktail lists of bars. However, in just a year or two, the “Screwdriver” (cocktail) was served in every drinking establishment.

It was practically impossible to establish the authorship of such a simple drink. After all, its name is directly associated with the legend of the violation of Prohibition in Iran, where American oil workers worked in the mid-20th century.

1. They are said to have colored the alcohol with orange juice by stirring their creation with a screwdriver. Perhaps this was so: orange juice neutralizes the vodka taste and you don’t even need to eat such a mixture.
2. But there is another opinion that completely rejects such statements. The name “Screwdriver” consists of two popular bartender unspoken terms “screw” (orange juice) and “driver” (vodka), and the version about workers’ screwdrivers is only an advertisement for the drink. In this version, the supposed author of the cocktail already appears - John Martin, who worked on the distribution of Smirnoff vodka from Russia and Florida packaged orange juice in the United States.

Be that as it may, in the 1970s, the cocktail was the leader among bar orders, and almost everyone prepared it at home. In the 1990s, the drink was at the peak of its popularity, they even began to produce it industrially, packaging it in tin.

The cocktail was included in the list of the International Bartenders Association, and many, diluting vodka with juice, do not even suspect that they are preparing one of the most common cocktails of the 20th century.

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Cooking recipes

Classic Screwdriver recipes require only two components in different proportions. Add ice if desired. But some bartenders and housewives are experimenting. What could be the composition of the drink?

Ingredients used include:

• mineral water,
• ground black pepper,
• syrup,
• liqueurs,
• lemonade,
• grapefruit juice,
• lemon slices.

Orange juice overcomes the bitterness of vodka well, but it retains a bitter aftertaste. Therefore, those who do not like it add sugar or even honey. In this regard, some bar specialists do not consider such a modified “Screwdriver” to be real and classify unusual combinations as non-traditional recipes.

American literature even mentions the addition of such a component as Angostura bitters, which is recognized as a medicinal balm. It is used in medicine as a tonic and has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the stomach. Angostura is also used to get rid of hangover syndrome. The tincture is also added to a number of other cocktails.

1. Today, in its traditional form, the “Screwdriver” can be seen less frequently.
2. More and more bartenders and housewives are replacing orange juice with something else, and vodka with rum, whiskey, and tequila. It's in Mexican Screwdriver.
3. The Honey Screwdriver contains beer and the ginger liqueur is contained in the Ginger Screwdriver.
4. The addition of lime juice is also popular.

“Screwdriver” can be prepared in any quantity long before the party starts. This is also considered one of the wonderful properties of the drink. It should be kept in the refrigerator until guests arrive. When served, this type of alcohol is simply poured into glasses with ice.

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Basic recipe

The easiest way to prepare such a cocktail is to simply mix 1 part vodka with 2 parts orange juice, as its creators did in their time, but the taste of the resulting drink, and its appearance, will leave much to be desired. So how can you make a “Screwdriver” cocktail at home so that you’ll want to drink it later?

It’s very simple – it’s important to choose the right ingredients.

The right ingredients, first of all, include expensive vodka. The golden rule in preparing cocktails is to choose only high-quality and proven alcohol. For a real cocktail, orange juice must be freshly squeezed, but you can replace it with store-bought orange nectar.

Ingredients:

• vodka – 50 ml;
• orange juice – 100 ml;
• ice - optional.

Preparation

1. If you are making a cocktail with ice, you should add it to the glass first. In this case, the ice should occupy the entire surface of the glass.
2. Next, you need to add vodka, then pour it with orange juice and mix the ingredients thoroughly.
3. When serving, the cocktail can be garnished with a slice of orange or lemon.

The peculiarity of the Screwdriver cocktail is that it must be drunk immediately after preparation. Otherwise, the ice begins to melt, and the drink loses its incomparable aroma and taste.

"Screwdriver" in reverse

Today there are a huge number of variations on the theme of preparing “Screwdriver”. The most popular cocktail, especially among young people, is the reverse “drivescrewer”.

Ingredients:

• vodka – 100 ml;
• orange juice – 50 ml;
• ice - optional.

Preparation

The principle of preparing “Screwdriver”, on the contrary, is the same as that of the regular version. True, the number of cocktails drunk “on the contrary” is halved.

If desired, you can prepare a more gentle version of the cocktail, which is especially popular with the fair sex. Regular orange juice in this cocktail is replaced with grapefruit or blood orange juice. Accordingly, the color of the “Screwdriver” varies from pink to deep red.

Ingredients:

• vodka – 30 ml;
• juice – 90 ml;
• ice - optional.

Preparation

1. The first step is to add ice to the glass for the future cocktail, so that it occupies 2/3 of the container.
2. Next, pour out the vodka, then pour in the juice and mix the ingredients using a straw.
3. Since the cocktail is for women, before serving it must be garnished with a slice of grapefruit or blood orange.

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Italian version

A delicious recipe from Italy with citrus vodka, orange and grapefruit juice, and ginger ale. Belongs to the subcategory of long drinks.

Ingredients:

• 50 g citrus vodka;
• 100 g fresh orange;
• 60 g fresh grapefruit;
• 1 spoon Ginger Ale.

Pour all ingredients into a sugar-rimmed parfait glass. Garnish with a lime wedge and serve.

Energy value:

Option "Screwdrivers" with Bacardi

Another delicious recipe with Bacardi Rum Gold, Tropicana Orange, and ice.

Ingredients:

• 3 parts BACARDI rum Gold;
• 1 part orange Tropicana;

Add ice, then orange juice and rum. Mix.

This recipe will especially please fans of the TV series Doctor Who.

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Cocktail with fresh juice

You will need:

• Vodka 40% 50 g
• Fresh orange 150 g
• Orange fruit 35 g
• Ice cubes 180 g

This variation of “Screwdriver” differs in its preparation technology.

1. So, those who like to indulge in delicious alcoholic cocktails need to prepare a collins and fill it to the brim with ice cubes.
2. Then vodka is added, followed by fresh orange juice.
3. Slowly stir all this splendor and decorate with a slice of orange.

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Cocktail Gimlet

• 40 ml gin (sometimes replaced with vodka)
• some soda water
• lime juice
• old fashion glass

Cooking method:

1. Place a few ice cubes in an old fashion glass.
2. Pour 15 ml of lime juice into a bowl.
3. Add 40 ml of gin to the glass (can be replaced with vodka).
4. Top the drink with one slice of lemon.
5. The cocktail called “Gimlet” is ready to drink.

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Cocktail Sonic Screwdriver

• vodka
• Blue Curacao liqueur

We bring to your attention another interesting drink recipe. True, it will be significantly stronger than the classic “Screwdriver”, but in terms of taste it is in no way inferior to it.

1. Blue Curacao liqueur will give the cocktail a fabulous citrus flavor and aroma, because a special variety of orange is used to produce the liqueur.
2. To prepare this cocktail variation, fill a glass with all the ingredients, stir gently, and add ice at the end.

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Anita Briant

This direct relative of the Screwdriver appeared as a result of the fact that representatives of sexual minorities, for some reason, did not like orange juice and replaced it with apple juice. Everyone liked this composition, and it was named after the famous singer of the 60s of the XX century , which actively supported LGBT people.

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Impudent monkey

This version of the drink is in many ways similar to the classic Screwdriver, the proportions are completely the same, in order to make it, the main component - vodka - must be replaced with dark rum.

Kuban screwdriver

In order to make a homemade version of this alcoholic cocktail, you will need everything the same as in the previous version, however, the trick is that the dark rum is replaced with light rum.

Screw-Up

The classic base remains unchanged, as do the proportions, only the orange juice is replaced with the fizzy and refreshing “7-UP”.

Black screwdriver

If you want to prepare this version of the famous cocktail at home, you will need to purchase Blavod Black Vodka, because only with this brand can you make a real Black Screwdriver.

Mexican Screwdriver

Ingredients:

• forty grams of tequila,
• one hundred grams of orange juice,
• slice of lemon.

Place all the ingredients in a glass and mix them, add a slice of lemon and serve with a plastic stick.

Honey Screwdriver

Ingredients:

1. fifty grams of honey beer,
2. one hundred grams of vodka,

Mix all ingredients in a tall glass.

“Screwdriver” – cocktail 2K

Ingredients:

• forty grams of vodka,
• sixty grams of ACE juice (one part carrot and one part orange juice),
• spiral of orange peel.

All ingredients are mixed in a glass and topped with a spiral of orange zest.

Slow Screwdriver

Ingredients:

1. two hundred grams of gin and vodka,
2. twelve grams of Sazen Comfort and whiskey,
3. one hundred grams of orange juice,
4. fifty grams of lemonade.

Mix all ingredients except lemonade and pour into an ice-filled glass. Then add lemonade. Add cherries and straws.

Corkscrew

Ingredients:

1. thirty eight grams of rum,
2. twelve grams each of vermouth and brandy,
3. lime wedges.

Place ice, rum, brandy and vermouth in a shaker and stir. The drink is poured into glasses and garnished with lime.

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Hi-Fi

An interestingly modified composition of the cocktail can delight not only with unusual ingredients, but also with a delicious taste. In order to prepare it, you must follow the traditional proportions of the Screwdriver, and also replace vodka with whiskey and orange juice with Fanta.

There are many options in which traditional orange juice is replaced with grapefruit and citrus juice. And also, it is worth noting that nowadays more and more recipes are simply vaguely reminiscent of the classic Screwdriver, although in fact this cocktail only contains such an ingredient as vodka.

Some of the most popular drinks of this nature include:

• Samerreto - consists of vodka, orange juice, and delicious Amaretto almond liqueur.
• Fuzzy Screv - vodka and orange juice with the addition of aromatic peach liqueur create a divine drink that the ladies will really like.
• Electric Screwdriver - for lovers of unusual, blood-stirring cocktails, this option will be ideal, because in addition to vodka and traditional orange juice, the composition includes energy drink and white tequila.

An interesting fact is that by acting on the body, this alcoholic cocktail prevents the development of liver cirrhosis, and this happens due to vitamin C.

It is also worth noting that making the cocktail recipes presented above is not difficult and does not require special bartender skills.

The nuances of preparing a cocktail

It is believed that drink recipes have long implied the following proportional combinations:

• 3 parts vodka;
• 7 parts juice.

The strength at this ratio is over 15% if you use natural orange juice. There were options for using proportions of 3:10, 7:10, where the majority is juice. Over time, the dosage was simplified to 1:2.

But the tradition of serving a cocktail in a highball glass remains. This glass is most convenient for the “Screwdriver”. It is tall, thin and holds up to 350 ml of liquid.

The cocktail is also prepared in a shaker: pieces of ice are placed in it, juice is added, and vodka is added on top. Then they perform the well-known manipulations and pour the drink into glasses, filtering through a sieve. Serve garnished with a straw.

• You can make this cocktail by keeping the layers and not stirring them during consumption. This option is “Build”. Cooking begins with ice, then juice and vodka are added, carefully pouring it along the blade of a knife. The layers create a unique taste. Bartenders classify this type of cocktail as “long”, that is, prepared in a large container, and the drink is considered medium in strength.
• Many housewives mix vodka with nectar. It contains more sugar than regular orange juice because it is based on pureed fruit and can drown out the bitterness of strong alcohol. But such a drink will have few beneficial properties, and the increased sugar content can also cause harm.

At all times, fruit juice, especially freshly squeezed, has been the most popular element in cocktails.

It is added to alcohol-containing and non-alcoholic cocktails. Be careful with the dosage of alcohol when creating these drinks at home. Drinking “Screwdriver” or other cocktails similar in composition in large quantities can lead to poisoning of the body.

Where did the name of the cocktail “Screwdriver” come from?

Every lover of some cocktail asked himself the question of the origin of its name. Many names are quite difficult to explain, since they do not contain the names of the ingredients or taste qualities that a particular drink has. And it’s not clear what the person who came up with the name for this or that cocktail was thinking.

For example, the well-known cocktail called “screwdriver” was long believed to mean a cocktail that “turns its head away.” But in reality, everything is not so banal.

1. America is a civilized country and given the climate of Iran, there were always a lot of cans of orange juice at construction sites. Therefore, the workers poured out the juice and poured vodka instead. So it was very difficult to suspect an engineer of drinking an alcoholic drink, since all the bosses thought that he was drinking juice.
2. If we consider the density of juice and vodka, it is very different, so it was necessary to apply force to mix them. It was not convenient to shake open jars; of course, there were no straws, and the spoon did not fit into the neck of the jar.
3. But engineers are resourceful people, so they used what was in their pocket - a screwdriver. Later, the drink consisting of orange juice and vodka became very popular, and its name began to resemble the object with which the discoverers mixed it.

This story is not limited to the cocktail called “screwdriver”. If you set yourself a goal, you can find your own explanation for each name. Therefore, while drinking another cocktail with a strange name, think about its origin story; sometimes these stories arouse great interest.

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How to choose the right vodka for a cocktail

Over the past few decades, vodka has gained worldwide fame, firmly entering the list of bartenders' favorite cocktail ingredients. And no wonder, given its strength and taste, which can be combined with almost the entire range of alcoholic products.

True, we have already figured out that not all vodka tastes the same, so in advanced mixology it is considered good form to carefully select this Russian alcohol depending on the type of cocktail.

Grain-based vodka

Despite the similarity of the starting raw materials and the rather harsh production technology, which “cleans” the taste to neutral, the aromas of such vodka differ greatly in taste.

1. So, wheat gives a taste of vanilla, anise and citrus,
2. malt - the aroma of bread dough,
3. corn - the taste of sweet porridge with butter,
4. Barley - notes of citrus, herbs, flowers and nuts.

Grain-based vodka is good for making light fruit mixes.

Set apart from other grain vodkas is this 40-proof rye-based drink, which has a bright, earthy flavor with plant aromas that hint at green peppers. This drink is good in rich, unsweetened, spicy cocktails.

The dense earthy-musty aroma of potato spirits makes this vodka an ideal companion for cocktails with a bright sour and even bitter taste. Bitters and liqueurs like Aperol or Campari look great paired with potato vodka.

Wheat-based vodka

And, of course, we couldn’t ignore and highlight classic wheat vodka as a separate item. It is she who, in her best performances, leaves a creamy aftertaste in the mouth with notes of vanilla, anise, citrus, and sometimes white pepper.

Knowing this, you can't go wrong when choosing a base for sweet dessert cocktails.

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How to determine the quality of vodka

Check the bottle

First, check the bottle, you can tell a lot by its appearance.

1. The bottle cap should not scroll or, for example, fit loosely to the neck.
2. A crooked label (of course, it can “go” with good vodka if it’s not transported correctly), but why do you need vodka that doesn’t look marketable? Unjustified risk.
3. Compare the bottling stamps on the label and on the cap: if they do not match, then leave such a bottle to the sellers.
4. In addition, the label must indicate: the name and address of the manufacturer, license number, certification mark, alcohol strength.

Pay attention to the content

Secondly, pay attention to the content.

• Vodka should be crystal clear, transparent (with the exception of some types: cranberry vodka, vodka with gold particles, etc. - all this is written on the label).
• You should not take yellowish, cloudy vodka.
• If there is sediment, suspension, or other microparticles in the vodka, then this is a sign of “palenka”.
• Low-quality vodka becomes matte two to three weeks after opening it.

By the way, “scorched” vodka feels less strong.

There are also several ways to test the quality of vodka if you have the opportunity to open the bottle and experiment before drinking it

1. Pour vodka into a spoon, warm it slightly over the fire, and then set it on fire. Vodka 40 degrees burns with a weak blue fire. Then sniff the liquid: if you smell a nasty, pungent, unpleasant odor, then fusel alcohols are clearly the place to be.
2. Shake the vodka upside down. If you see large bubbles, then this means one thing - there is a lot of water in the vodka: it is too diluted, which means it is of poor quality.
3. For the lucky owners of the well-known litmus papers, there is this option: if, after dipping a blue piece of paper into vodka, you find that the litmus has turned red, then this means that the drink contains an admixture of acids. It is added to increase the strength of vodka.
4. And a familiar method to everyone: pass the bottle over your hand (more often you twist the bottom tightly in your palm). If black traces remain, then the vodka was produced somewhere underground.

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Properties of freshly squeezed orange juice

Vitamin composition

Freshly squeezed orange juice, which has optimal caloric content for weight loss, contains a high content of vitamins:

1. C, which plays an important role not only in maintaining immunity, but also in the production of collagen and the absorption of iron. This vitamin also helps prevent a number of diseases, including scurvy. It is also a well-known antioxidant that can bind and remove harmful substances from the body.
2. A is a vitamin that takes an active part in the body’s metabolism, has antioxidant properties and protects human vision.
3. B vitamins (including folic acid) are simply indispensable for the full functioning of the body, especially during pregnancy, promote hematopoiesis and prevent cell mutation.
4. The composition of useful mineral elements is also rich in calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, iodine, phosphorus, fluorine, cobalt, zinc, sodium.

This drink also contains pectin substances, amino acids and many organic acids, which when combined make up a drink that promotes weight loss and prolongation of youth.

Health benefits of orange juice

The shelves of modern supermarkets are full of a variety of juices. Juices, nectars, and reconstituted versions of this drink are presented; the price range is also varied, which is often directly proportional to the quality of the product.

If you want to get all the health benefits from an orange without harm or risk to your health, then it is still better to choose freshly squeezed orange juice, which has a slightly lower calorie content due to the lack of sugar, unlike store-bought versions of this drink.

Juice made independently retains to a greater extent the beneficial properties and elements that were present in the fruit.

With regular moderate consumption, this drink can:

• strengthen the immune system;
• prevent a number of diseases, including cancer;
• reduce signs of aging;
• improve metabolism;
• restore cells;

• improve blood circulation;
• help lower blood pressure;
• cleanse the body of toxins;
• reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases;
• reduce bad cholesterol levels;
• reduce inflammatory processes.

Negative Impact

Here is such a miraculous freshly squeezed orange juice, the calorie content of which allows you to drink it with peace of mind, a glass a day, without fear of gaining extra pounds.

1. But along with these beneficial properties, drinking too much of the drink can cause allergic reactions or stomach upset.
2. In general, this drink is not recommended for everyone. This juice is contraindicated for people who suffer from high stomach acidity or diabetes.
3. You should also not drink orange juice if you have an exacerbation of stomach diseases or allergies to citrus fruits.

Correct usage

They often show on TV how they drink a glass of freshly squeezed orange juice in the morning - this is absolutely wrong, since you cannot drink orange juice, especially freshly prepared one, due to the high content of citric acid, which can damage the gastric mucosa.

• Freshly squeezed orange juice is best consumed in the morning, during breakfast or after it.
• It is better to drink juice immediately after preparation, because after half an hour, vitamins and nutrients oxidize and lose their properties.
• But if pleasure comes first before benefit, then you can afford to keep the juice in the refrigerator for two to three days.
• It is forbidden to heat or defrost fresh orange juice, as this will lose more of its vitamins.

Proper preparation

Due to the juiciness of oranges, making juice from them is not difficult.

1. The easiest way to do this is with a special citrus juicer. You need to start preparing juice by washing the fruits, then cut them in half. Squeeze juice from each part.
2. In the absence of a special device for squeezing out juice, this can be done with your hands, simply squeezing the halves of the fruit tightly.
3. The third way is in a blender. To do this, the washed fruit is peeled and pitted and placed in a blender glass. The resulting mass is filtered through a sieve.

How many calories are in freshly squeezed orange juice?

When losing weight, it is best to know the number of calories you consume per day.

• By the way, for the normal functioning of the female body, 2500-3000 of them should be supplied, and for the male this amount is in the range of 3000-3500.
• If there is a goal to lose extra pounds, then you need to subtract 10-20% from this amount of daily calorie intake.

Freshly squeezed orange juice, the calorie content of which is about 50 kcal per 100 ml, is an excellent source of vitamins and beneficial elements. A glass of such juice will have only 100 kcal.

In combination with fresh pineapple (in a 1:1 ratio) it will also be a tasty fat burner.

The fact is that pineapple juice is considered the lowest-calorie juice and at the same time has components that can break down fat.

100 grams of fresh orange juice contains about 50 kilocalories, 4% fat, 6% protein and 90% carbohydrates. Despite the high percentage of the latter, carbohydrates in freshly squeezed orange juice constitute a small amount.

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Methods for preparing ice for cocktails

The purpose of ice in cocktails is that it:

• cools the glass;
• refreshes drink ingredients;
• dilutes the base during use;
• acts as decoration

The main thing you need to know to make a great iced drink is how to get quality ice. Preparing ice for cocktails:

1. The most common method is an ice machine. Its disadvantage is that such ice is not stable enough; it tends to melt quickly, which makes the drink watery.
2. Hand-frozen ice, prepared in a special tray in the freezer of a regular refrigerator, is much denser and contains virtually no air. In addition, it takes quite a long time to dissolve, due to which cocktails are cooled without dilution.

All good establishments use an effective and convenient method that can be used at home to obtain high-quality ice. To do this, mineral water without gas is frozen into a block, subsequently splitting it. This ice does not melt for a long time, and also adds a natural flavor to a chilled cocktail.

And some bars in Japan prepare ice in the shape of a ball, the size of which is slightly smaller than the diameter of the glass. Similar “balls” are also cut from a large block of ice.

Principle of ice formation

How to prepare ice for cocktails correctly? After all, if you just make ice using ordinary molds, it will turn out cloudy. Accordingly, you won’t get aesthetic pleasure from a cocktail with opaque ice.

Even when using pure water - distilled, filtered, boiled - the effect of transparency still cannot be achieved, since there is usually a certain amount of air in the water. And its bubbles will give the ice a white cloudiness when frozen. Thus, by filtering water from impurities, it will not be possible to completely clean it of air.

• However, it is still possible to make clean, clear ice at home that does not contain air bubbles.
• When freezing in a container, water tends to turn into ice first from the sides, gradually displacing excess impurities and air to the center, and the area with them freezes at the very end.

For example, icicles are transparent because they freeze in layers, due to which air bubbles and all sorts of impurities do not have time to set and simply flow down from them.

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Ice making equipment

1. Ice mill. It works on the principle of a meat grinder and processes ice cubes into crumbs, which are useful for cocktails like daiquiris and non-alcoholic entertainment like sorbet or granita.
2. Strainer
3. A bar strainer that allows you to filter the ice from your drink. Double walls help the bucket, like a thermos, maintain temperature and prevent the ice from melting quickly.
4. Ice bucket. If you already have a bucket, getting ice out of it with your fingers is like eating chips in a three-star Michelin restaurant.
5. Ice molds

Leave the stars, circles and letters for teenagers. You'll need regular ice cubes for individual cocktails and large ice blocks for chilling punches and other drinks served in large pitchers or bowls.

How to make ice for cocktails at home

Ice cubes in a cocktail are commonplace for many of us. And if you make the ice colored, then the cocktails we are used to will sparkle with new colors.

For work we will need:

• ice packs, these are sold in hardware departments,
• drinking water,
• some berry juice
• place on a shelf in the freezer,
• container for ready-made ice.

We take out one package from the packaging. Carefully pour water into it through the hole at the top of the bag. Pour enough so that all the cells are completely filled with water.

To prevent water from leaking out of the bag, it has special straps. We tie them in a tight knot so that our future ice does not escape. Thus, we fill the required number of bags.

Add berry juice to clean water. Then pour it into another bag in the same way. Don't forget to tighten the bag ties tightly. We make the required number of blanks.

Carefully place the bags of water in the freezer. It is advisable that the packages lie strictly horizontally. Then the ice will be smooth and will not require effort when removed from the bag. We wait until it freezes completely.

When the ice freezes, remove the bags from the freezer. We remove the ice from the package in the same way as you remove the tablet from the blister. Or just tear the bag, but be careful when doing this, otherwise all the ice will fly around the kitchen. Transfer the pieces of ice into the prepared container.

The ice for our cocktails and drinks is ready. In addition to berries, try adding other juices to the water. For example, orange juice will color water yellow. And lime will give the ice not only a greenish tint, but also a delicious aroma.

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The harm of alcoholic cocktails

Alcoholic cocktails, like all other “tasty” alcoholic drinks, are dangerous primarily because they imperceptibly, gradually accustom a person to alcohol. Pleasant taste, aroma, combination of flavors, sweetness or “fruity,” refreshing effect.

You start with one or two glasses - and most often in good company. It’s not for nothing that cocktails have a reputation as ideal “club” alcoholic drinks: when everything is fun and dynamic, when the music is playing, you don’t want to “suppress the bitter” and especially don’t want to languidly sip boring wine - and at such moments beautiful glasses materialize in front of you on the bar counter with a liquid of unimaginable color, with a splayed lemon on the rim or a diving cherry. Just what you need!

So, you start with one glass, the next time you decide to try other options - “Daiquiri” or “Bloody Mary” (names that are already being heavily promoted by advertisers and cinema, which also plays a role in your choice). And gradually you get involved.

1. Not surprising: as a rule, alcoholic cocktails have a low percentage of ethanol content (10-25%), they often have juice or syrup added, which gives a pleasant and, most importantly, “safe” taste: it creates a dangerous illusion that you are drinking something something frivolous, frivolous, and incapable of harming your health.
2. Habituation also occurs from a psychological point of view: in your mind, drinking cocktails is firmly associated with fun, visiting clubs or bars, socializing and flirting, joy, excitement, in short, with a feeling of fullness of life.

Later, when you again want to experience the whole gamut of such emotions, you will start with this “hook” - alcohol. And, what’s most insidious, at first he will not deceive your expectations. But only at first.

There are actual harms of alcoholic cocktails:

• The combination of different types of alcohol has an extremely negative effect on internal organs, especially the liver and pancreas.
• Some components of cocktails (for example, fruit juice) in combination with strong alcohol can irritate the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, causing the development of diseases such as gastritis and stomach ulcers.
• The components of alcoholic cocktails aggravate each other’s effect on the human body; It is known that the reaction (hangover) after drinking cocktails is stronger than after drinking pure alcohol. The effect on the brain, consciousness, and coordination of movements is also stronger in the case of cocktails.
• Accelerated addiction to alcohol.

Harm of canned alcoholic cocktails

But the danger posed by ordinary alcoholic cocktails is just dust compared to the dangers of canned “weak” cocktails. If the former are undoubtedly harmful, but differ little in their effect from pure alcohol, then the latter combine all the “charms” of alcohol, junk food, and a typical chemical surrogate.

A canned cocktail tastes like soda, so a person understands that it is full-fledged alcohol only when he is already in a state of severe intoxication.

In fact, a canned cocktail is a “trick”, as if saying: “I am completely harmless, drink me!” It is not taken seriously - and therefore it often ends up in the hands of teenagers.

• All canned alcoholic cocktails contain caffeine; it is supposed to tone and improve brain function. But in the end, it simply becomes a source of unnatural excitement, which very soon gives way to even greater lethargy and weakness.
• Caffeine combined with ethanol has a dual diuretic effect on the body, which puts more strain on the kidneys (and over time causes the development of kidney disease).
• In addition, caffeine is addictive - all coffee lovers know about it firsthand. But ethanol is also addictive! This means that canned cocktails are a “double whammy”. The producers of this “drink of the gods” could not have come up with anything better to successfully recruit entire armies of people suffering from alcohol addiction.

Without exception, all jars are poison. Alcoholic cocktails add preservatives, dyes, flavors, sodium benzoate, etc.

1. All these components “hit” the liver and contribute to the development of diseases of the digestive tract, and scientists have long suspected sodium benzoate of its ability to influence the structure of DNA and in the future cause incurable diseases.
2. In addition, canned alcoholic cocktails contain a large dose of sugar (up to 4-5 teaspoons per can!).

Regular consumption of such a volume of sugar, in combination with ethanol and a “bouquet” of dyes, is fraught with risks of developing type 2 diabetes, deterioration in physical fitness and overall health.

You can make a screwdriver in many ways and from many materials, and as an option you can buy it here tatet.ua. Although most often they are made of metal and wood, the first is used to make the working rod, and the second is used to create the handle. Well, in general, now not many people make screwdrivers with their own hands, although it is not too difficult, take at least the option of making a compact screwdriver.

In order to make a compact screwdriver you will need a shovel handle and a screwdriver attachment. Everything here is simply outrageous. First you need to saw off a piece from the handle, its length should vary around 3-4 cm. Putting the saw aside, you will need to take an ax in order to carefully chop the wood chips, this means creating a faceted handle. By the way, in order not to miss, the piece of wood is not very large, you can use a hammer. The tip of the ax is placed on a piece of wood, and then one strong blow is applied to its butt with a hammer, as a result of which a sliver breaks off and an edge is obtained.

The next step is to drill a hole in the handle for the back side of the nozzle. It is very important to understand that the hole should be smaller than the tip on the back of the nozzle, but not too small. It is necessary that after the tip is hammered into the hole, it sits there, like a native one, otherwise it will immediately fly out. And yet, if it does fly out, then in this case it can be put on strong glue.

Making a Phillips screwdriver is quite difficult due to the shape of its tip, which is why in its manufacture most often ready-made tips are used, and only a handle is made into which a ready-made rod is inserted, taken either from an old broken screwdriver or from somewhere else. As for flat screwdrivers, everything is much simpler with them.

In order to make the working blade of a flat screwdriver, you can use any steel wire. Moreover, here it should be especially noted that the wire can be absolutely anything, including its diameter. The task is to first flatten the tip of the wire, and then grind it to the required shape. You can flatten the tip using a hammer and anvil, and you can sharpen it using an emery stone.

The most difficult thing in the case of screwdrivers is, of course, the handle, because it must be strong and, more importantly, adaptable to the rod, it must hold it in itself, despite the fact that when working with its use, very serious forces always act on it.

By the way, you don’t need much to make an “indestructible” screwdriver. To do this you will need a steel rod and a welding machine. The task is quite simple and consists in making a screwdriver in the shape of the letter “T”, where the horizontal part will be the handle and the vertical part will be the rod. The first step is to cut off a piece of the working rod, since only the working part will be needed.

Then the tip needs to be welded to a pre-cut piece of steel rod, for example, to a piece of reinforcement, without notches, and only after that a handle needs to be welded to this very piece, which will be a piece from the same reinforcement. If desired, the resulting screwdriver can, say, be insulated using fabric or electrical tape.

We will talk primarily about miniature screwdrivers, the so-called sentry ones. With their help, you can not only repair chronometers, but also repair glasses, cameras, and generally be used where particularly delicate mechanics are used. Of course, a ready-made set of such screwdrivers is available for sale. But, firstly, it is not cheap, and secondly, probably not all screwdrivers from the set will be needed for a specific job. Yes, sometimes you need a screwdriver so small that it is not included in the kit.

It’s quite easy to make a miniature screwdriver from an ordinary “darning” needle from a sewing machine.

Carefully break off and discard the sharp tip of the needle. Then we anneal the steel: heat the tip of the needle to a temperature of 900...950 degrees, and then slowly cool it. To determine the temperature, you will have to rely on the heat color of the steel. So, a temperature of 780...820 degrees corresponds to a cherry-red color, 820...900 degrees - light red, and 900...1050 degrees - orange. If the color of the heat is dark yellow (1050...1150 degrees), light yellow (1150...1250 degrees) or bright white (1250...1300 degrees), then this is a clear “overheating”. It should not be allowed to burn for a long time, as it burns out the carbon and the steel loses its useful properties.

You can anneal the needle, or rather its very tip, in the flame of a burner of a regular household gas stove, and cool it very slowly by removing it from the flame. After this, the steel will no longer be so brittle, it will become ductile, so you can easily unforge the tip of the needle and give it the shape of a spatula. This is done on a small anvil with a small hammer. A larger hammer, pliers or pliers can also serve as an anvil. To make forging easier, reheat the needle without worrying about the speed of removal from the fire. After unforging, the tip of the needle should take on the shape shown in two projections in Fig. 1.

Rice. 1

The needle is then processed with a flat file or polished on an abrasive block (touchstone) or a piece of sandpaper attached to a wooden block with pushpins. The tip is given the shape shown in two projections in Fig. 2. If a needle file was used first, then a grinding operation is still required.

Rice. 2

When the screwdriver is processed, the needle must be hardened again. To do this, the tip is heated to a temperature of 760...780 degrees (which corresponds to a dark cherry-red color of heat) and quickly immersed strictly vertically in water at room temperature.

After such hardening, the screwdriver blade will be too brittle and easy to break. To increase the toughness of steel, you will have to perform a third thermal operation - tempering. In industrial conditions, this is done under strict adherence to temperature conditions. We will judge it again indirectly - by the so-called colors of the tarnish of the steel surface. Its tempering temperature from 285 to 315 degrees corresponds to tarnish colors from violet to light blue. It is precisely this range that we should focus on. To make the colors more pronounced, remove scale from the surface of the tool by sanding it after hardening to a shine. The tempering is completed by gradually cooling the instrument in air.

Finally, the tip of the screwdriver became not only hard, but also viscous, so as not to break. All that remains is to sand it using an abrasive stone.

And make a handle. You can simply stick the corner eye into an ordinary cork bottle cap or into a piece of wood or a pencil.

But if you want to make a more reliable metal handle, you will have to turn it on a lathe from a brass rod. A hole equal to the diameter of the needle is drilled in the handle, and the needle itself is tinned with POS grade solder. "Soldering acid" - zinc chloride - is used as a flux. After tinning, the needle is inserted into the hole of the handle, helping with the soldering iron.

Your own mini-screwdriver is ready. Using exactly the same technology, larger screwdrivers can be made. Naturally, from more massive blanks. Let's say, from worn needle files. The “working” part of them (with the notch) is removed almost completely. They leave only a small area from which the sting is formed. To eliminate the unnecessary hardness of the steel at first, the tip of the file is annealed. Further operations are no different from those described.