Steam heating from a stove on firewood. Water heating from a wood-burning stove - a scheme and proper installation

From ancient times to the present day it successfully solves the problem of heating rooms in a private house. However, having a living area of ​​more than fifty meters, it is hardly possible to achieve a comfortable indoor air temperature. Here you can not do without an additional heat exchanger and radiators. As a coolant, steam or water can flow through the pipes (hence the name).

Differences of the steam system from water

Some people think that water and steam heating are one and the same, although they have significant differences. And the most important thing is that according to SNiP regulations steam heating is forbidden for use in a housing stock.

What is the advantage?

When using steam as a heat carrier, the heat transfer of heating devices is much higher, and the room warms up 3 times faster. Such heating is very easy to start, even after a long absence, because pipes do not freeze and do not need to be filled with water or other coolant

The steam heating system has one more significant advantage: it is cheaper than a water one due to compact and ergonomic equipment, for example, pipes of smaller diameter are used than for a water system.

Negative sides

The most important negative feature is a short service life. Due to the inability to smoothly adjust the operation of the system, the rooms heat up with varying intensity, which creates certain inconveniences.

Pick up the best option  work is very difficult. Among other things, when the pipes and radiators are filled with steam, there is an unpleasant noise. With steam heating, the pipes heat up so much that you can easily get burned.

Principle of operation

The heat source can be a stove or a boiler where the water is heated to 100 ° C and begins to evaporate. Then steam through the pipes enters the batteries and cools down, forming a condensate. The resulting water, on the return pipe, flows into the heat exchanger.

Choosing a boiler as a water heater, you should take into account its performance, which depends on the area of ​​the room. In other words, the larger the heated area, the more potent the boiler should be.

In those houses in which steam heating is already installed, a solid fuel boiler is most often used. Gas heat generators have the highest efficiency, but using an electric boiler to heat a private house or other premises is economically unprofitable because of high energy costs.

Bake

If a private house already has an oven, it can be successfully used as a source of heat. First, the dismantling of stove equipment can entail additional waste for repairs. Secondly, coal and firewood are cheap energy sources. And thirdly, the work of the furnace does not depend on centralized gas and electricity supply.

As a steam generator, a heat exchanger is used, which must be done on its own or ordered. The construction itself consists of metal pipes welded together. The key is to check the heat exchanger for the fuser for leaks.

To do this, pour kerosene into the device, and place the seams around chalk. If the chalk has darkened, then kerosene has penetrated there and it is impossible to use such a device for a steam heating system.

Type of circulation system

Steam heating  home does not always require the presence of a pump, because with natural circulation, the pipe arrangement allows the water to move around the closed circle according to the law of gravity, without the forced action of the electronics.

The location of the radiators and the outgoing pipeline is at the highest point relative to the incoming one. The difference in water temperature makes it constantly move around the system. The forced heating system is operated by a pump.

Forced heating system.

Methods of implementation

Steam heating in private or a country house can be constructed using a one- or two-pipe scheme.

Single-tube

In the first case, the batteries are connected in series. Steam passes through the pipes from one radiator to the next, heating the first battery more than others. Due to this feature, the single-tube system is suitable for small rooms (up to 80 m²).

Two-tube

Two-pipe heating scheme will cope with the main task in large houses. It evenly warms up all the batteries, since the supply and discharge pipes are connected to the radiators in parallel.

Installation of heating from the furnace

Steam heating is much more difficult to mount than water heating, especially if it is organized from a kiln that operates on wood or coal. Therefore, the safety measures during installation and during operation will have to be given special attention.

Necessary equipment

Those who still decided to make steam heating with their own hands, the following equipment will be needed:

• radiators, which are installed under each window;
• water boiler or steam generator (depending on the type of heating);
• heat-resistant copper or galvanized pipes, through which steam and condensate will be removed;
• connecting and transition elements (yokes, elbows);
• fasteners (brackets);
• locking devices (exhaust valves for venting, valves);
• a hydraulic shutter, by means of which the steam pipe is drained;
• reducing type valve (reduces the vapor pressure in the system);
• cooling mechanism with reducer;
• container for condensate;
• pump;
• welding machine.

Installing system elements

During the laying of the furnace, a heat exchanger is integrated into its furnace. Further, following the schematic drawings, under the window openings are fixed radiators with air vent valves and pipes (supply and discharge).

  At the beginning of a steam heating system, a cooling structure and a pressure reducing valve are usually installed, and in the case of forced circulation, before the furnace put the pump. The condensate collection container is installed at an incline at the end of the heating circuit. From it, water flows back to the tank.

Chimney brick oven  with a built-in tank for the coolant needs more frequent cleaning.

  With the arrangement of natural circulation, it is better to make a stove in the basement of a private house. This will allow the free flow of condensate to the lower point.

Do not ignore the installation of valves. They ensure the safety of the entire system of steam heating and prevent emergencies.

Effective home heating is one of the most important tasks for every homeowner. An interesting option for solving this problem can be steam heating in a private house. This is not the easiest option heating system, but he has the right to exist and is worthy of close examination.

When water boils at constant pressure, it keeps its temperature constant. The steam produced as a result of this boiling has a significant amount of thermal energy. At the moment of condensation, i.e. when a vapor is converted to a liquid, this energy is released and transferred to the environment.

This principle is used in the operation of steam heating systems. The water boils in the boiler, the steam moves through the pipes to the radiators, there it condenses and parted with heat, thereby heating the air in the room. The water obtained during the condensation process continues to flow through the pipes and returns to a special storage, and then comes to the heater in a natural way or by force, using a pump.

This diagram demonstrates the principles of the distribution of steam heating. The heating device should be located lower than the radiators, the condensate line is given a slope

Such systems usually use so-called dry saturated steam, which does not contain suspended water particles. The amount of steam in the system is reflected in its operation. If the steam is too low, this will create problems for the free flow of condensate, and cold air will collect at the bottom of the heater. A sufficient volume of steam improves the process of drainage of condensate, which is pushed to the walls and flows down over them in the form of a thin water film.

Depending on the pressure inside the steam heating system, they are divided into:

• vacuum-steam;
• low pressure;
• high pressure.

In the first, the pressure is less than 0.1 MPa, in the second - even lower - to 0.07 MPa, and in the third - more than 0.07 MPa. Open systems  low pressure have access to air from the atmosphere, but they can also be closed, i.e. completely hermetic.

AT closed systems  water after condensation immediately enters the heat exchanger, but often open systems are used in which the heat transfer medium is first collected by the storage tank and then pumped to the boiler for heating. The condensate can completely fill the pipes through which it moves for heating or only partially. The latter option is preferable, because when the system is shut off, the pipes in it will remain dry.

If the heat carrier of steam heating after condensation moves directly to the boiler for subsequent heating, the system is called closed. If the condensate is first collected in a storage tank from which it is pumped into the boiler by a pump, the system is classified as open

Features of low pressure systems

A widespread version of such a system is a closed one, using a gravity return to the condensate boiler, which fills the pipes not completely, overhead wiring  pipes. First, the system is filled with water to the required level, then heating begins. The condensate flows down the common riser and is forced out to the boiler when it reaches the predetermined level.

In the same system with lower wiring, it is recommended to install pipes with a slight slope in the direction of the steam movement to reduce noise effects. In the place of condensate drainage, a loop-shaped hydraulic lock is arranged, preventing the steam from moving to the condensate line.

The speed of steam in such systems should be moderate, not more than 0.14 m / s. Otherwise, the steam will also capture the particles of moisture that have accumulated on the walls. As a result, the system works with a lot of noise, the risk of water hammering increases.

Combined wiring, i.e. combination of upper and lower lower wiring, apply, if pipes are laid under the floor of the upper or middle floor of the house. The lumen of the pipes, through which the water returns to the boiler, in this case will be closed with condensate.

If the pressure in the system exceeds 0.02 MPa, it should be made open. The air is removed through the condensate accumulator, and the steam trap or the water trap is installed to prevent the steam from leaving the steam. Water from the storage tank is pumped to the heat exchanger by the pump, which allows the drive to be installed below the level on which the heat exchanger is located.

The heating medium for heating a private house with a boiler room is heated in a heat exchanger located in the boiler room. When the operating temperature is reached, the steam moves to the manifold separating the flow into two circuits: for the main rooms and for the boiler room (+)

Evaluation of advantages and disadvantages

What is good about a steam heating system? It is relatively easy to make it even on the basis of a conventional wood-burning stove. This is especially true in areas where centralized gas supply is not available, and firewood or other solid fuels are readily available. Steam as a coolant is significantly ahead of water. The heating rate of the rooms is three times higher.

In addition, the steam heating system can hardly fail during the winter cold due to the lack of heating. If the furnace is burnt out, the water from the system will collect in the storage tank or in the heat exchanger, and the pipes and radiators will remain empty. With water heating, the freezing of the coolant, which is filled with the entire circuit, is known to lead to rupture of the pipes.

Finally, the dimensions of the radiators for steam heating should be significantly less than for water systems, since the amount of the resulting thermal energy increases several times. This will slightly reduce the cost of installing a heating system at home.

Decorative grilles for radiators of steam heating are not only an element of interior design, but also a means of protection from burns

On this list of advantages steam system  is completed, and one can proceed to its shortcomings, which are quite significant:

• high risk of burns;
• increased noise level during operation;
• complexity with the adjustment of the system;
• the need to purchase expensive pipes, etc.

Norms of safety, steam heating is not recommended for living quarters, because it poses a high risk to the health and life of people living in the house. So, the working temperature of the radiators will be very high, when you touch them you can get a serious burn. Therefore, all the radiators have to be closed with reliable decorative grilles.

Ordinary PVC pipes  for such a system will not work, because they must withstand high pressure  and a temperature of more than 100 degrees. The same requirements apply to the rest of the system. Pipes of steam heating should be copper or made of galvanized steel.

Copper pipes - an ideal, but not cheap option for communications for steam heating systems. To connect these pipes you will need a welding machine

In any case, this point is not budgetary. Security issues should be given the closest attention. All installation works, for example, welding of copper pipes, will require the highest possible quality. If the connection breaks and a steam jet escapes into the hole, one of the tenants of the house risks serious burns.

Pipes made of stainless steel are capable of withstanding such loads characteristic of steam heating systems as high temperature and high pressure in the system

Another shortcoming of steam heating is an increased noise level. To solve this problem, you must properly mount the radiators. They are suspended on special anti-noise brackets. The boiler or oven is best placed in a separate room. In addition, copper pipes can be placed in the thickness of the walls, which will also reduce the noise level.

Finally, it is slightly difficult to regulate the heating temperature in rooms with steam heating. You can not install a thermostat and simply reduce the amount of steam. It will be necessary to reduce the amount of fuel, which is not always easy, or to ventilate the premises. Before starting the installation of the steam heating system, all these points should be taken into account.

Design of a steam heating system

Even for a small room, it is best to design a project. The system made on "maybe" with a high probability of soon will require a rework, and the scheme drawn up on paper will immediately reveal weaknesses and correct them. For example, in order to create a system with natural circulation  heat exchanger, heat exchanger, and accordingly, and the heating device, should be located at the lowest point of the house.

The steam pipeline and the condensate line of heating systems with a natural type of coolant movement are arranged with a slope towards the direction of its movement (+)

This means that the stove or boiler should stand below all radiators, as well as pipes that stand not vertically, but horizontally or at an angle to the vertical. If the heating device is not placed in this way (there is no basement in the house, the basement is used for other purposes, etc.), preference should be given to heating with forced circulation.

The diagram shows the heating system with forced circulation. it will be necessary to install it circulation pump  and a storage tank

Therefore, it is necessary to include a pump in the circuit, which will pump water into the heat exchanger. An important point in the design of the heating system is the connection of radiators. Serial connection  or the so-called single-pipe system involves the connection of all radiators in order.

As a result, the coolant will move sequentially through the system, gradually cooling down. This is an economical version of the connection, which is easier to install, and at a cost will be cheaper. But the uniformity of warming up in this way will suffer, since the first radiator will be the hottest, and the last coolant will be delivered to the already half-cooled condition.

Single-pipe connection of radiators, as can be seen from this scheme, assumes a series of installation. The coolant enters the last radiator already cooled down

One-pipe solution can be acceptable only when connecting the steam heating in the country or in a small house, on an area of ​​less than 80 square meters. m. And for a spacious cottage or a two-storey building is more suitable two-pipe system, in which the radiators are connected in parallel. This scheme ensures a simultaneous, rather than a consistent flow of coolant in each radiator, and the heating of rooms is carried out more evenly.

But with a two-pipe circuit, two pipes must be connected to each radiator: a straight line and a "return". Such a system is more difficult to implement, and it will cost a little more than installing it single-pipe system. However, the vast majority of water heating systems are made on a two-pipe scheme, despite the difficulties, and it functions quite successfully.

This diagram shows a two-pipe installation system for radiators for steam heating. Each radiator is connected to a common riser and has return pipe, which ensures an even distribution of the coolant

If a wood-burning stove is to be used as a heat source, a special heat exchanger should be immediately calculated and designed. It looks like a coil welded from metal pipes. This element is integrated directly into the furnace design, and not installed separately.

Therefore, the design of the new furnace should also be considered at the design stage. You can use the existing furnace, but it will have to be partially disassembled in order to install the heat exchanger inside. To obtain 9 kW of heat, a heat exchanger with a surface area of ​​about one square meter is needed. The larger the heated area, the larger the dimensions of the heat exchanger.

If you heat a room with a boiler, everything is a bit simpler: you need to buy and install it. Usually for steam heating in the house it is recommended to take the water-tube model of the boiler as the most effective. Although fire-tube, smoke or combined smoke and fire-tube models can also become a very acceptable option.

Sometimes for the organization of steam heating a homemade boiler is used, in which the used engine oil is burnt. But this option is considered suitable for use in utility rooms, for example in a garage. For an apartment house, this option is not very good.

Mounting on the basis of a wood stove

If the project is made, it's time to stock up the right materials  and tools. Calculate the required number of elements of the system will allow the previously compiled project. It should be marked with all the turns, joints, tees, places of installation of radiators, etc. In addition, you need to purchase pipe clamps, as well as brackets, which will be installed radiators.

The boiler of the steam heating system, arranged on the basis of a wood-burning oven, is installed directly in it. The boiler is connected to a steam pipe and a condensate line

The length of the pipes is also calculated according to the scheme. In order to reduce the vapor pressure in the system if necessary, a pressure reducing valve is required. A hydraulic shutter is needed to ensure complete drainage of the system for cleaning, maintenance or repair.

Before each radiator is recommended to install a shut-off valve, which will disable it for repair, rinsing or replacement. Also, the radiators are fitted with Mayevsky cranes to release the air that has entered the system. Although vapor is a gaseous rather than a liquid substance, the presence of air in the system can negatively affect its efficiency.

In order for the condensation process to occur in the radiators, rather than in the accumulator or in the riser, it is recommended to install a tee with a stopper through which only water will pass. If a forced circulation system is planned to be installed, a circulation pump will be required. In addition, you need a container to collect condensed moisture.

Gravity systems in such devices do not need. But the pipe through which the water is directed to the heat exchanger must be wide enough to allow rapid movement of the liquid for further heating.

The absence of a reduction valve in the steam heating system, the device of which is shown in the diagram, can lead to serious damages due to excessive pressure

In addition to the usual mounting tools, you will definitely need a welding machine for connecting copper pipes. Structures made of galvanized steel usually have threaded connections, which should be carefully sealed. If you plan to install steam heating from the oven, you'll have to start with the manufacture of the heat exchanger.

The heat exchanger for steam heating, built into a wood-burning oven, consists of a system of hollow metal pipes, through which water circulates. The element may have an arbitrary shape corresponding to the size and shape of the furnace

It is made from metal pipes 2.5-3 mm thick or even slightly thicker. The heat exchanger can be made both in the form of a coil, and in any other form. The main thing is that the device should fit inside the wood-burning stove, and also that its surface is large enough to heat the water and steam.

The quality of the heat exchanger welding should be ideal without exaggeration. Even microscopic caverns in the seams are unacceptable, since the device will be exposed to increased pressure from hot steam. After the heat exchanger is ready for installation, each welded seam should be checked.

To do this, first all the seams are plastered with white chalk. After that, one of the heat exchanger holes is closed, and the second is filled with kerosene until the device is filled to the top. Now you need to wait a bit, and then assess the condition of the stitches. If there are cracks, kerosene will seep through them, and in such places the chalk will darken.

The identified flaws are corrected, and then the test is repeated to ensure the integrity of the device. Now it should be washed, and then start laying a wood stove. The heat exchanger is securely built into the furnace, and pipes are connected to its inlet and outlet, which are then used to connect the heat exchanger to the heating system at home.

Laying of the furnace is completed in the usual way for such structures. Then, the pipes and radiators of the heating system are installed in accordance with the draft previously compiled. First install radiators, using the brackets, which will extinguish noise from the operation of steam heating.

For each radiator the Mayevsky cranes are installed so that air can be released. The shut-off valves will need one more than the radiators, since you need to install one common shut-off valve at the very beginning of the system. Before this valve put also a pressure reducing valve and a reduction-cooling unit.

In the end, if it is provided for in the project, a coolant storage tank and a circulation pump are installed. For systems arranged with natural, rather than forced circulation, a tank and pump are not needed. But the pipe that leads to the heat exchanger, you need to give a slight slope, about 3 mm per meter.

Modern boilers for steam heating in the house are reliable devices operating on various fuels and equipped with automated control systems

Systems with a steam boiler are mounted in approximately the same way: in accordance with the design and with a correction for equipment features. For example, a pressure reducing valve and a chiller will most likely not be needed, since the pressure and steam temperature monitoring system is already built into the boiler.

When installing a steam heating system, remember that all of its elements must withstand a high temperature, more than 100 degrees. For example, a conventional membrane expander as a drive will not work, because its maximum is 85 degrees.

The chimney of the furnace, in which the heat exchanger is integrated, will become more dirty than the conventional stove. Therefore, cleaning the chimney must be planned and performed more often.

A furnace with a heat exchanger can also be used for cooking, if desired, but this is not very convenient. In the summer, when heating is not needed, this furnace can not be ignited. We'll have to look for an alternative. It's easier if there is a separate convenient oven for the kitchen in the house.

Video on steam heating

Practical experience on reworking a wood-burning stove in a steam-heating boiler is presented on this video:

Continuation of the process of installing steam heating can be viewed in this file:

The difference between forced and natural circulation in heating systems is described in detail here:

Steam heating is not the easiest option for an autonomous heating system. But with proper design and installation with steam, you can efficiently and relatively inexpensively provide your home the required quantity  heat.

Steam heating refers to a system in which heated water vapor acts as a heat carrier. Such heating was widely used in the 19th century in residential buildings. Soon, steam was replaced with water, but the name of the system (in our case - erroneous) remained the same.

Water vapor efficiently transports and transfers heat, but this heating was abandoned due to the strong heating of the heating equipment (its temperature exceeded 100 ° C). Any contact with the surface of the device caused a burn, and the rupture of the main line led to serious injuries and even death.

Note! In view of all this, to date, steam heating (in its original form) is prohibited for use in public housing.

However, the ban does not apply to private homes, so anyone can do as they wish. But before taking such a serious decision, you should weigh the pros and cons.

1. The price of such a system is quite low.
2. Steam heating does not unfreeze, so it is possible to use it year-round without risk of freezing of the coolant.
3. The heat losses in the heat exchangers are practically reduced to zero.
4. In such a system, energy is transmitted by radiation and convection. For comparison: the convection component predominates in the water one, while the heat transfer at the radiators is rather low.
5. During installation, radiators and pipes of smaller size / diameter may be used.

disadvantages

But there are also disadvantages that you need to know about before installing.

1. Circulating through the system of steam creates noise.
2. The temperature of the heating equipment can exceed 100 ° C.
3. When a break occurs, there is an increased emergency danger.
4. Exposure to corrosion.

Principle of operation

The heat generator in steam heating is a boiler operating at low pressure - it forms hot steam and passes it through the mains. When moving, the steam condenses and settles on the walls of the instruments, giving off a lot of heat - this is the secret of high system performance.

Note! When condensing 1 kg of steam, more than 2,400 kJ of energy is released, while cooling of the same amount of steam at 50 ° C produces only 110 kJ. Condensate itself settles down and enters the heat generator in a natural way or by means of a circulation pump.

The vapor pressure depends on the type of system:

• in ordinary steam heating it is higher than atmospheric, but does not exceed 6 atm .;
• in vacuum systems it is lower than atmospheric.

Adjustment of heat supply is carried out by changing the intensity of vaporization. If there is a need, the supply is simply shut off, which creates conditions for the cooling of the house.

Heating equipment here are traditional radiators made of cast iron or steel, as well as finned tubes.

According to another classification steam heating  may be:

• closed - in this case the condensate returns naturally, for which pipes of a larger diameter are used;
• open - here water accumulates in a special container and is pumped through a pump.

Steam heating by one's own hands

The arrangement of steam heating consists of two stages - design and installation itself.

Stage 1. System Design

Once again, we recall the features of the use of steam as a coolant - this is the high temperature of the pipeline and radiators, as well as an increased accident rate. When all the pros and cons are weighed, you can start work. First, a project of the future system is created.

First, the required power of the heat generator is determined. This takes into account the area of ​​the house - if it does not exceed 200 m², then a 25 kW device is enough, but if it fluctuates between 200 m² and 300 m², a minimum of 30 kW will be required. Based on this information, a cauldron is selected. When buying, consider the following factors:

• type of fuel to be used;
• the possibility of heating water for domestic needs.

Note! Selecting a boiler is one of the critical stages  arrangement of steam heating.

Heating circuit

With the scheme also need to decide in advance. The choice of this or that option depends on:

• the location of the boiler;
• the area of ​​the heated space;
• conditions for the installation of heating appliances;
• necessary number of these devices.

In a word, this is a rather difficult choice, in which the video below will help.

Video - Features of work with steel pipes

Pipes

For steam heating, the use of conventional plumbing pipes is unacceptable due to the high temperature of the entire system. For this reason, the selection of pipes should be given great attention, let it be small.

In order to facilitate the installation work at the design stage, it is necessary to determine:

• the location of the radiators;
• length of the pipeline;
• places of installation of distributors, branches of the main line, adapters and so on.

Note! All this data is transferred to paper. An approximate sketch of steam heating is drawn up, where all the necessary details are indicated.

Question price

After the project is drawn up, future costs are determined. It is difficult to say how much the equipment of such a system will cost, without reference to heating appliances, work volumes and specific conditions. We only note that, according to experts, steam heating in any case will be cheaper than conventional water heating.

Stage 2. Installation work

Step 1. First, the exact layout is drawn on the basis of the sketch.

Step 3. Fastened expansion tank. It must be connected to the pipeline leading from the heat generator to the radiators. Another important point: the tank needs to be installed at the highest point of the heating system.

It can be closed and open, with overflow and without it.

Note! Professionals advise installing an open tank, moreover in the closest proximity to the boiler. Although this scheme may well be suitable for a closed type device.

Step 4. Installation of pipelines. This occurs as follows: the pipe is fed to the radiator, cut off when necessary, and then connect the leads and inputs. Then the pipe is similarly supplied from the first radiator to the second radiator, then from the second to the third, and so on.

Note! It is recommended that each radiator be equipped with a Mayevsky crane to remove the formed air congestion.

Step 5. The circuit closes, that is, it is fed to the beginning - the heat generator. It is important that the boiler is equipped with a filter and (if necessary) a circulation pump.

Note! Hot water vapor can go from the boiler, mounted in any convenient place - in the garage, in the summer kitchen or in the house itself. The quality of heating will not affect this, and the financial side of the issue depends entirely on the required length of the pipeline.

In this case, the installation of a heat generator is no different from a similar procedure in a residential building. In this case, the bay / drain assembly can be equipped on any section of the highway. This node is necessary for draining the coolant after the end of the heating season or before repairing the system.

Video - Installing the boiler

Step 7. All heaters are tested. If they are new, it is advisable to invite a specialist for trial launch.

The "warm floor" system

"The warm floor" has been gaining popularity in recent times. Often it is created on the basis of electric heating, but you can use water if you want. Installation of such a system is a complex and time consuming procedure. Under the floor covering are laid polypropylene pipes  (it is also possible to use metal-plastic), through which a hot heat carrier will circulate.

Scheme of wiring and installation of the regulator

Such a variation of the "warm floor" system has a lot of advantages compared to electric, the main of which are low cost and low energy intensity.

conclusions

The use of hot steam can hardly be attributed to popular types of heating, in addition, according to current legislation, it is prohibited to use it in residential and public buildings. But sometimes, for the sake of economy, it is still installed in garages, outbuildings and even in private houses.

Despite the emergence of modern building materials that have high technical characteristics, some owners of private homes choose water heating from a stove on firewood, rather than modern ones.

Water heating  from the stove on firewood is chosen not only because of the availability and financial profitability, but also because of the large choice of fuel, stylish appearance and the possibility to use thermal units together with other heating schemes.

Schemes of water heating from the furnace

Traditional heating is a structure built of bricks and having a chimney, furnace niche, and also a box for ash. It is necessary to pay attention to the smoke extraction system, since the heating of the room is due to heat, which "radiates" the carbon monoxide that has passed through the channels of the system.

This scheme is suitable for small houses, as a traditional oven is not capable of heating a large area (actual water heating from the furnace will be relevant here).

In order to build such heating, a heat exchanger is placed in the furnace niche, which will heat the coolant. In general, this kind of system can increase the heating efficiency and increase the heating area. The U-shaped design of the stove is the simplest - the heater is made of a sheet of metal, the thickness of which is not less than 4 mm.

  - scheme: the coil is installed in the form of a register, which is made by welding pipes. Conditions: the diameter of the pipe is 50 millimeters, the minimum wall thickness is 0.35 centimeters. The register with the heat exchanger is heated in the furnace from the burning flame, after which the combustion products come up and make three moves, while heating the brick walls.

Double-plate hob layout

This design does not have long chimney ducts, since heat comes from combustion products through a water boiler. The power of the heater should be about 9 kW, and the dimensions of the heat exchanger - 1030х650х780.

In the process of burning wood directly heats the coil, which from flue gases  receives additional heat, after which the flue gases enter the duct that is located between the oven and the hob, go around the oven and exit through the chimney.

"Two-chamber furnace with water heating K.A. Dmitrieva "is the most common scheme of all possible. Such a system is provided with separate ducts for the chimney and two fireboxes, one of which is designed to heat the oven, and the second - to provide water heating from the wood stove. unite into one. The furnace parameters in this version are 1500х680х770 (the last figure is the height), and the power - 9.5 kW.

When the first furnace niche is operating, the flue gases envelop the oven and then go to the flue below it. The water heater, at the same time, does not participate in the process, which is very convenient for the summer period. The second chamber begins to heat with the onset of cold weather, when it is necessary to effectively warm the house.

Installation

You can install a furnace with a water circuit in two ways:

1. "From scratch" (laying a new oven by the dimensions of the heat exchanger).
2. The installation of the heat exchanger can take place in an already existing furnace compartment. Unlike the first variant, the heat exchanger is made according to the dimensions of the structure, and not vice versa.

It is important to know that the size of the radiator (in both cases) along the inner contour should not exceed 3 cm - this is necessary in order to avoid boiling water in the event that the circulation is weak. The thickness of the walls of the radiator should be in the range of 3 to 5 millimeters. If the thickness is less, the walls can burn out, and the radiator can stop working. Only coal and wood are used as fuel.

Between the wall and the boiler should be a distance equal to one centimeter. If the radiator is made of steel, the distance can be reduced by 50 mm. If tubes were used to make the radiator, then the clearance should be 1.5 cm. Also, care must be taken to ensure that the plate can be removed to clean the register.

Heat exchanger installation

You can install the heat exchanger in an erected furnace in two ways:

1. Do not dismantle the upper part. This method is relevant in those cases where it is possible to remove the hob, the structure itself, while not considering at all. In order to do this correctly, it is necessary to make holes for the pipes of water heating in the walls of the firebox, which would be connected to the boiler.
2. Deconstructing the upper part of the structure. After installation of the boiler, the installation and restoration of the structure to the old form is carried out.

The number of chimneys and their direction during installation can be changed, the main thing here is not to overdo it. If the thrust is normal, then nothing needs to be changed.

It is quite possible to make the dismantling of the stove by one's own hands - for this you must first make a sketch of the arrangement of bricks in all rows, which is necessary in order that in the future you can easily assemble the structure back.

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