We make the waterproofing of the foundation with our own hands. How to make a waterproofing foundation.

Large cracks in the masonry are provided either with reinforced concrete dowels, or with built-in steel frames, which are installed on cement mortar to pre-drilled holes. Insufficiently resistant brick poles are strengthened by an obstacle in which a thin reinforcement or reinforced concrete reinforcement is inserted into each layer. Similarly, you can strengthen the round steel column.

The window sill is not loaded, it can be thinner, but with sufficient thermal insulation. Usually it is between 0, 8 and 0, 9 meters, in the bathrooms and toilets above. This is necessary, otherwise items on the table will not allow you to open the window. A bridge is a translation that carries a masonry over a hole. The translation is longer than the opening resolution at both ends, so the gap and the two storage lengths make up the total translation length. Transfers can be monolithic, from ceramic reinforcement, reinforced concrete and others.

The pressure of the beam above the large holes could crush the bricks in the cavity, and therefore the beams are supported by a steel plate. In the section above the opening, the rays are usually wrapped and covered with a steel mesh that is plastered. Precast reinforced concrete transfers are deposited in a layer of cement mortar, and the same solution is filled with their joints. In the masonry, to provide the necessary insulation, it is necessary to use panels with a wooden cement slab 50 mm thick.

Additional installation of windows or doors

For a wider window on the first floor of a single-storey house, it is necessary to maintain the ceiling above the ground floor and secure the masonry with sloping racks. The posts should be protected from the displacement of the well in the ground at the outer edge of the windowsills; The upper end of the rack is mounted and seized in a pocket cut in the masonry. All poles and posts are cleaned and fixed by carpenters.

The installation of windows and doors requires precise operation if the doors and windows must be opened and securely sealed later. The frame, carefully impregnated with varnish, folds into the window, and on the underside of the frame are covered with wooden blocks and wedges; if the window is columnar, the subsoil also rises. Then check if the frame is in the middle at the correct distance from the brick wall. The frame aligns with the horizontal and vertical positions according to the level of alcohol, and the scales are tightly compressed. Benches are attached to the masonry, which stops in the pantry connections next to the vertical frame part so that the frame can be attached to it.

Between the frame and the lining is inserted a sealing cord made of glass or basalt cotton wool. After the plastering of the gaskets, the bridges are covered with a strip. Before plastering and fixing with screws, wooden frames are installed in wooden blocks built into the window lining. The logs are conical and are inserted with a wider base in the wall, smaller in the cheek. Steel frames are attached to the clutch by handles. Mounted frames are assembled with assembled windows, glazed, painted and partially glazed.

Steel windows are equipped with curved clamps in cut pockets, which are then filled with cement mortar mixed in a ratio of 1: Before the windows are aligned, the wings of the wings are inspected. The frame of the door frame is installed in such a way that benches are installed after leveling, which stop at the joints near the frame. The connection between the frame and the wall is sealed with fiberglass ropes and covered with a strip. The steel frame is most often used for brickwork. It is located above the center, the subsoil is aligned vertically and horizontally and corresponds to the floor height.

With brick masonry, bricks are inserted into the cavity in pillars, but in such a way that the door frame does not run. That's why the wooden door frame is in the middle of the bar. Building structures can take water - they absorb moisture and water. The degree of water absorption depends on the material of the building structure and the type of water. The effect of water on building structures worsens their properties or even destroys the structure. A concomitant phenomenon is the formation of fungi with a negative impact on the environment.

The main purpose of waterproofing is to protect structures and interior spaces from negative consequences, so that the cost of building utility does not decrease. Water can damage the structure from the following points of view. The ability to penetrate building materials that are absorbent.

Any aggressive properties of water. It flows around the building structures. The term "waterproofing" refers to measures that prevent damage to buildings and structures by water and humidity. Depending on how water works on building structures, we distinguish between atmospheric water and groundwater. Depending on the method of receiving water by separate structures, we distinguish.

Non-flammable materials. So-called capillary-porous, absorbent walls that swallow water during rain, but subsequently have the ability to release it. Absorbent structure - absorbs water and evaporates very slowly. In each subsoil there is underground water in some form or depth. Depending on the depth and yield, we are divided into.

Gravitational water. Stepless - it can create a continuous level and flow along the horizontal or inclined surfaces of underground structures. Pressure. Internal humidity - depends on the operating conditions in a particular environment, condenses either on the surface or inside the structure.

The correct design is extremely important for the trouble-free operation of the building. Errors and mistakes in designing or performing an underground waterproofing can be very difficult to overcome if they do this due to complex technological operations and high financial costs. For the correct construction of the waterproofing the substructure must be made and determined.

Hydrogeological survey is carried out by an authorized person. The survey is conducted using a penetration probe. Typically, the survey is conducted on the basis of analysis of samples obtained from control wells in damaged areas of future construction. Based on hydrogeological research, the geologist and designer determines.

Composition of base soil, class of operation. The height of the water table. Depth and intensity of water inflows. The result is the basis for the designer to determine the bearing capacity of the foundation, the inclination of the excavations, and so on. from the hydrogeological point of view, information for the designer is a way of creating and protecting a building from groundwater. At the same time, the designer can, based on geospatial research, take into account the influence of the environment on both construction and operation of future construction.

This is a precaution against the penetration of water. The reliability of the measure depends on the design of the roof and the correct choice of the type of insulation, and especially the method and quality of the structure. Depending on the waterproofing material, we divide the gutters into. Coatings - especially for flat roofs.

Folded roof for sloping with steep roofs. The mountain environment surrounding the underground part of the building always contains water in the form of ground moisture or water under pressure. A reliable protection is the insulation of the coating. However, it is also always advisable to provide drainage of water from the heel of the perimeter structure through the drainage system.

When designing waterproofing, we must rely on the following standards. There are 4 types of building solutions for waterproofing the bottom structure. The correct design should be considered. What permeability and tenderness have soil bases. Based on the hydrogeological survey, determine what kind of soil for the foundation. In particular, we are interested in the permeability of foundation soils. Gravel and sand are very permeable and, at least, flicker. On the contrary, clay soils are almost impermeable, but have great capillary tenderness.

Ground water level. Placement of the building - installation of the building in the relief, configuration of the terrain. The method of building a building is the depth of the base, based on passports, stilts, slabs. The method of construction - construction technology - technology. Unsealed water - water - this is especially precipitation, which does not create any insulation stress.

Effect of water on building structures

Pressurized water is a building under ground water. Water, which exerts pressure on the insulation. Temporary drainage of the construction site should be designed when the foundation of the building reaches the groundwater level, and also when we lay impenetrable soils. The groundwater level should be reduced by no less than 0, 5 m below the level of the base connection. For drainage, the excavation operates until we make insulation from the water pressure and the insulation is not adequately burdened by the weight of the object.

Dehydration should be carried out with the help of such technical measures that will not threaten or otherwise endanger users of adjacent sites. It is realized by the drainage system around the building. On the basis of the foundations, a slope of not less than 5% of the drainage pipes is placed, which merge into the sewage system. In the corners of the building there are control and cleaning shafts. The drains are covered with geotextiles and are covered with debris. In the case of impermeable soil, it is necessary to place feces on the surface of the earth.

The figure shows the case when the construction pit is excavated in very impenetrable clay soil. It creates a suspension of about 100 mm thick, which can not be ground. Solution: Dig a hole at the bottom of the base and drain the water. Remove the dirty soil and gently press the coarse aggregate into the foundation joint.

The picture shows how bad the water is. Landing occurs when a construction pit is exposed to rain for a long time. Measures - Remove the soil and follow the same precautions to treat the substrate. In order not to produce impenetrable soil around the foundation walls for the functioning of water pressure, it is necessary to create a measure to prevent this. The most suitable solution is to create drainage and control shafts around the building. Plums are placed on a concrete bottom, then covered with scraper blades, and geotextiles are placed above them.