Presentation on the theme of the holiday November 4th. Presentation for primary classes "Day of National Unity". We live by one destiny

November 4 is the day of unity of all Russian peoples. November 4 is the day of saving Russia from the greatest danger that has ever threatened it. November 4 is a revived holiday with its own history, and not just a replacement for November 7. November 4 is a day of good deeds, not a day of right-wing marches.

“Many people still have questions about how to celebrate National Unity Day. Some say that we need to devote this day to prayers and reflections about the future of Russia, others say that on this day we need to talk about good deeds, because only through good deeds can we build the future of Russia. The content of the holiday, which is well known to church people, historians, theologians and generally enlightened people, is not yet obvious to the absolute majority of our people,” noted Metropolitan Kirill.

The history of this holiday has long historical roots: the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries. entered Russian history as a time of troubles. The clash of political parties, the weakening and collapse of the state, civil war, intervention of the Poles and Swedes. The clash of political parties, the weakening and collapse of the state, civil war, intervention of the Poles and Swedes.

In 1612, on October 22 according to the old style and November 4 according to the new style, the liberation of Moscow from the Poles began. In 1612, on October 22 according to the old style and November 4 according to the new style, the liberation of Moscow from the Poles began. During this difficult time, a copy (list) of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God was in the possession of the leader of the militia, Prince D.M. Pozharsky. Believing people associated the liberation of the capital from the enemy with prayers before this miraculous image. During this difficult time, a copy (list) of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God was in the possession of the leader of the militia, Prince D.M. Pozharsky. Believing people associated the liberation of the capital from the enemy with prayers before this miraculous image.

Later, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich established two holidays in Moscow for the Kazan Icon. One is July 8 (Old Art.), July 21 (N. Art.) - the day the icon was found. The other is October 22 (old style) November 4 (new style) - the day of the cleansing of Moscow from Polish invaders. Initially these were city holidays in Moscow and Kazan. On these holidays, a religious procession was held in the capital from the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin. Later, Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich established two holidays in Moscow for the Kazan Icon. One is July 8 (Old Art.), July 21 (N. Art.) - the day the icon was found. The other is October 22 (old style) November 4 (new style) - the day of the cleansing of Moscow from Polish invaders. Initially these were city holidays in Moscow and Kazan. On these holidays, a religious procession was held in the capital from the Assumption Cathedral of the Kremlin.

On October 21, 1649, during the all-night vigil for the feast of the Kazan Icon, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich received news of the birth of his son Dmitry. The delighted Tsar established the celebration of October 22 as a holiday for all of Russia. In the calendar of the Russian Orthodox Church this day is still celebrated as the celebration of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God. On October 21, 1649, during the all-night vigil for the feast of the Kazan Icon, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich received news of the birth of his son Dmitry. The delighted Tsar established the celebration of October 22 as a holiday for all of Russia. In the calendar of the Russian Orthodox Church this day is still celebrated as the celebration of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God.

THE COUNTRY IS FACING THE THREAT OF LOSS OF INDEPENDENCE! The first militia against the interventionists was led by Lyapunov, but was killed. The militia disintegrated. By this time, the Swedes had captured Novgorod, and the Poles had captured Smolensk. The Polish king announced that Russia would join the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and he himself would become the Russian Tsar. The first militia against the interventionists was led by Lyapunov, but was killed. The militia disintegrated. By this time, the Swedes had captured Novgorod, and the Poles had captured Smolensk. The Polish king announced that Russia would join the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and he himself would become the Russian Tsar.

Key dates of the Time of Troubles 1581 – Ivan the Terrible’s eldest son dies at the hands of his father 1581 – Ivan the Terrible’s eldest son dies at the hands of his father 1584 – Ivan the Terrible dies 1584 – Ivan the Terrible dies 1584 – Theodore Ioannovich, the “ringer”, reigns - Theodore Ioannovich, the "ringer" reigns 1591 - Tsarevich Dmitry Ioannovich dies 1598 - Theodore Ioannovich dies 1589 - Boris Godunov reigns 598 - Theodore Ioannovich dies 1589 - Boris Godunov reigns trium I 1605 year - False Dmitry I reigns 1606 - Vasily Shuisky reigns 1606 - Vasily Shuisky reigns 1607 - False Dmitry II is declared 1607 - False Dmitry II is declared 1610 - Vasily Shuisky is overthrown 1610 - Vasily Shuisky is overthrown 1610 - the "seven" is introduced boyars" 1610 - The “Semiboyarshchina” is introduced in 1611 - the militia led under the leadership of Lyapunov for the year is gathering - the militia led under the leadership of Lyapunov1 612 is going to the year - the militia under the leadership of Minin and Pozharsky 612 is going to the leadership of Minin and Pozharsky 1613 - Mikhail Romanov reigns 1613 - reigned - reigned - reigned - reigned Mikhail Romanov

On December 16, 2004, the State Duma of the Russian Federation simultaneously adopted, in three readings, amendments to the federal law “On Days of Military Glory” /Victory Days of Russia/". One of the amendments was the introduction of a new holiday - National Unity Day and the actual transfer of the state holiday from November 7 (Concord Day and Reconciliation) to November 4. The main reason for the postponement, according to most observers, was the desire to completely remove associations with the anniversary of the October Socialist Revolution (November 7, 1917). On December 16, 2004, the State Duma of the Russian Federation simultaneously adopted amendments to the federal law “On Days” in three readings. military glory "/Victory days of Russia/". One of the amendments was the introduction of a new holiday - National Unity Day and the actual transfer of the state holiday from November 7 (Concord and Reconciliation Day) to November 4. The main reason for the transfer, according to most observers, was the desire to completely remove associations with the anniversary of the October Socialist Revolution (November 7, 1917).

The initiator of the introduction of the new holiday was the Russian Orthodox Church. The initiator of the introduction of the new holiday was the Russian Orthodox Church. According to Metropolitan Kirill, the historical significance of this day lies in the fact that in 1612 Russia could have ceased to exist as an independent Orthodox state, and “salvation came on the wave of spiritual unity of the people, the main idea of ​​which was represented by the Orthodox faith.” This holiday is equally significant for representatives of different peoples of Russia, since it was after the victory of 1612 that “Russia became a great multinational power.” “Today we also need society to be strong in order to emerge from the period of change as a great state,” noted Metropolitan Kirill. According to Metropolitan Kirill, the historical significance of this day lies in the fact that in 1612 Russia could have ceased to exist as an independent Orthodox state, and “salvation came on the wave of spiritual unity of the people, the main idea of ​​which was represented by the Orthodox faith.” This holiday is equally significant for representatives of different peoples of Russia, since it was after the victory of 1612 that “Russia became a great multinational power.” “Today we also need society to be strong in order to emerge from the period of change as a great state,” noted Metropolitan Kirill. At the same time, the great spiritual significance of the new holiday was emphasized: “Minin and Pozharsky spoke at the call of the Church, and this awakened our people from spiritual slumber. The Russian people realized what was threatening them, and came out to defend their Orthodox faith.” At the same time, the great spiritual significance of the new holiday was emphasized: “Minin and Pozharsky spoke at the call of the Church, and this awakened our people from spiritual slumber. The Russian people realized what was threatening them, and came out to defend their Orthodox faith.”

Almost 4 centuries ago, in early November, the people's militia led by the merchant Minin and the governor Pozharsky drove the Polish invaders out of Moscow and marked the beginning of the end of the so-called Time of Troubles. Almost 4 centuries ago, in early November, the people's militia led by the merchant Minin and the governor Pozharsky drove the Polish invaders out of Moscow and marked the beginning of the end of the so-called Time of Troubles. During the Time of Troubles, the False Dmitry was acting lawlessly; all the boyars could not share power among themselves, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was already planning where and what it would build in Rus' when it took control of it. This dragged on for a long time, and if the Polish gentry’s plans had come true, then you and I would not live either in the USSR or in Russia. Who knows, who we would be now?.. The militia of Minin and Pozharsky is unique in that it is the only example in Russian history when the fate of the country and state was decided by the people themselves, without the participation of the authorities as such. She then turned out to be a concrete bankrupt. The people donated their last pennies to armament and went to liberate the land and restore order in the capital. They didn’t go to war for the Tsar - he didn’t exist. The Ruriks are over, the Romanovs have not yet begun. Our great-great-great-great-great-grandfathers went to fight for the land many times, and they won. Then all classes, all nationalities, villages, cities and metropolises united. This day is rightly called the Day of National Unity. There was no other day like this in Russian history.

Why November 4th? Why November 4th? November 4, new style. In relation to the 17th century, this is October 25. It was on this day that an agreement in principle was reached on a ceasefire in Moscow and the surrender of the Polish garrison entrenched in the Kremlin and its withdrawal from the capital, and the militias, Cossacks and Muscovites were able to freely hold services in Moscow churches. November 4, new style. In relation to the 17th century, this is October 25. It was on this day that an agreement in principle was reached on a ceasefire in Moscow and the surrender of the Polish garrison entrenched in the Kremlin and its withdrawal from the capital, and the militias, Cossacks and Muscovites were able to freely hold services in Moscow churches. Thus, November 4 can rightfully be considered as Victory Day, the day of Military Glory, the day of the end of hostilities and the liberation of the Russian capital from invaders. Thus, November 4 can rightfully be considered as Victory Day, the day of Military Glory, the day of the end of hostilities and the liberation of the Russian capital from invaders.

But that is not all. But that is not all. Perhaps, for the first time in the history of Russia, under Russian banners, under the idea of ​​liberating the country, representatives of already numerous nationalities united in the ranks of the militia. Perhaps, for the first time in the history of Russia, under Russian banners, under the idea of ​​liberating the country, representatives of already numerous nationalities united in the ranks of the militia. That is, in essence, November 4 is a day of national unity in the face of mortal danger. That is, in essence, November 4 is a day of national unity in the face of mortal danger.

This will be repeated many times in Russian history. Ordinary Russian people, realizing that the country is threatened by a mortal enemy, selflessly stand up for its defense. This will be repeated many times in Russian history. Ordinary Russian people, realizing that the country is threatened by a mortal enemy, selflessly stand up for its defense. Example: The feat of the Kostroma peasant Ivan Susanin, who sacrificed his own life in the fight against the Polish invaders, leading his enemies into a dense forest and into a swamp, forever serves as a symbol of loyalty to the Motherland (1613). According to legend, in this way he saved Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, who was then living in Kostroma and was elected to the kingdom. An example of self-sacrifice. Example: The feat of the Kostroma peasant Ivan Susanin, who sacrificed his own life in the fight against the Polish invaders, leading his enemies into a dense forest and into a swamp, forever serves as a symbol of loyalty to the Motherland (1613). According to legend, in this way he saved Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov, who was then living in Kostroma and was elected to the kingdom. An example of self-sacrifice. 1812 People's militia - patriots of Smolensk, Borodino. Tarutino. 1812 People's militia - patriots of Smolensk, Borodino. Tarutino. A massive partisan movement that made the French's stay in Russia unbearable. The militia that pursued the enemy, making it possible to preserve the main forces of the Russian army. A massive partisan movement that made the French's stay in Russia unbearable. The militia that pursued the enemy, making it possible to preserve the main forces of the Russian army.

People's militia of 1941 1941 again showed that the militia is an amazing, unique manifestation of the Russian soul, a fact of readiness to sacrifice for the sake of their Motherland. Volunteers won time to deploy a regular army. The year again showed that the militia is an amazing, unique manifestation of the Russian soul, a fact of readiness to sacrifice for the sake of their Motherland. Volunteers won time to deploy a regular army. THEY ALL are united by the thought: Who, if not us? They went to their death, knowing what they were dying for - for their Motherland! THEY ALL are united by the thought: Who, if not us? They went to their death, knowing what they were dying for - for their Motherland!

Such years of hard times were the Patriotic Wars of 1812.

"…Dear Mom! How are you living now, how are you feeling, are you sick? Mom, if possible, write at least a few lines. When I return from my mission, I’ll come home to visit. Your Zoya”... In November 1941, the intelligence school received an order to burn the villages where the Germans were: Two groups of partisans went on a mission. On November 22 they crossed the front line. The groups were ambushed and only a few people, including Zoya, survived. They decided to complete the task to the end. Kosmodemyanskaya managed to set fire to two houses and a stable in the village of Petrishchevo. However, the girl was captured by German patrols. The search was followed by an interrogation, during which Zoya refused to answer. Then they began to torture her: they flogged her with belts and took her half naked out into the cold. On November 29, 1941, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was taken to the central village square, where local residents were herded. Before the execution, Zoya managed to say: “You will be avenged for me.” November 29, 1941 Zoya

Hundreds of pioneers were awarded the medal “Partisan of the Great Patriotic War”, “Partisan of the Great Patriotic War”, more than one person. medal “For the Defense of Leningrad”, “For the Defense of Leningrad” and above the medal “For the Defense of Moscow”. "For the defense of Moscow"

Throughout the Soviet era, the historical past of Russia before October 1917 was contrasted with the time of “building socialism.” This created in the minds of many people a feeling of a time gap. The past ceased to be valuable. Throughout the Soviet era, the historical past of Russia before October 1917 was contrasted with the time of “building socialism.” This created in the minds of many people a feeling of a time gap. The past ceased to be valuable. Therefore, National Unity Day is intended to create a connection between times, to see the history of the Motherland as a single whole. Therefore, National Unity Day is intended to create a connection between times, to see the history of the Motherland as a single whole.

Remember: Without understanding, awareness, and cultivating a sense of sovereignty in each of us, our Fatherland will not be able to become a truly GREAT POWER. Without understanding, awareness, and cultivating a sense of sovereignty in each of us, our Fatherland will not be able to become a truly GREAT POWER. THE FUTURE OF THE COUNTRY IS YOURS, TODAY'S SCHOOLCHILDREN. THE FUTURE OF THE COUNTRY IS YOURS, TODAY'S SCHOOLCHILDREN.

RUSSIAN FEDERATION FEDERAL LAW ON AMENDING ARTICLE 1 OF THE FEDERAL LAW “ON THE DAYS OF MILITARY GLORY (VICTORY DAYS) OF RUSSIA” Adopted by the State Duma on December 15, 2004 Approved by the Federation Council on December 24, 2004 Article 1 Amend Article 1 of the Federal Law dated March 13, 1995 N 32-FZ “On the days of military glory (victorious days) of Russia” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1995, N 11, Art. 943) the following changes: 1) paragraph four should be stated as follows: “November 7 is the Day of the military parade on Red Square in Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941);"; 2) add a paragraph with the following content: “November 4 is National Unity Day.” Article 1 Introduce the following changes to Article 1 of the Federal Law of March 13, 1995 N 32-FZ “On the Days of Military Glory (Victory Days) of Russia” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1995, N 11, Art. 943): 1) paragraph four stated as follows: “November 7 is the day of the military parade on Red Square in Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941);”; 2) add a paragraph with the following content: “November 4 is National Unity Day.” Article 2 This Federal Law comes into force on January 1, 2005. Article 2 This Federal Law comes into force on January 1, 2005. President of the Russian Federation V. PUTIN National Unity Day

“It is not only possible, but also necessary, to be proud of the glory of your ancestors; not to respect it is shameful cowardice, the first sign of savagery and immorality.” “It is not only possible, but also necessary, to be proud of the glory of your ancestors; not to respect it is shameful cowardice, the first sign of savagery and immorality.” A.S. Pushkin A.S. Pushkin National Unity Day

Test yourself Test yourself Knowing your history is equivalent to knowing your language. Without this, no one can be called a citizen of their country. Knowing your history is equivalent to knowing your language. Without this, no one can be called a citizen of their country. This simple test will help you test your own knowledge about the history of the “Time of Troubles” This simple test will help you test your own knowledge about the history of the “Time of Troubles” 1. What do we celebrate on November 4? 1. What do we celebrate on November 4th? 1) National Unity Day 2) Harmony and Reconciliation Day 3) Constitution Day Railway Worker's Day 4) Zhezhist Day 4) Zhezhist Day 2. What happened on November 4 (October 22, old style) in 1612? 2. What happened on November 4 (October 22, old style) in 1612? 1) The militia of Minin and Pozharsky took the Kremlin 2) The militia of Minin and Pozharsky took Kitay-Gorod 3) The Ostankino TV tower was put into operation 4) Atlantis sank 4) Atlantis sank 3. Who led the first militia in 1611? 3. Who led the first militia in 1611? 1) Lyapunov 2) Minin 3) Pozharsky 4) Mikhail Romanov 5) Karl Marx 5) Karl Marx

4. Which state intervened in Russian affairs during the Time of Troubles? 1) Poland 2) United States of America 3) Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 4) Ottoman Empire 4) Ottoman Empire 5. How did Minin earn his living before 1611? 1) He did not eat bread 2) He was a prince and lived on income from his estate 3) He taught in zemstvo schools 4) He traded in livestock and fish 5) He was a barber 5) He was a barber 6. Who was called the “Tushino thief”? 1) Sigismund III 2) False Dmitry I 3) False Dmitry II 4) Susanin

On Unity Day we will be close, We will be together forever, All the nationalities of Russia In distant villages and cities! To live, work, build, sow bread, raise children, create, love and argue, protect the peace of people, honor ancestors, remember their deeds, avoid wars, conflicts, to fill life with happiness, to sleep under a peaceful sky!

Day of National Unity They don’t argue with history, They don’t argue with history, They live with history, They live with history, It unites, It unites for feat and for work! To feat and to work! One state, One state, When the people are one, When the people are one, When with great power When with great power He moves forward! He's moving forward!

On December 16, 2004, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted the law “On days of military glory, victorious days of Russia.” “November 4, 1612. Warriors of the people’s militia under the leadership of Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky took Kitai-Gorod by storm, liberated Moscow from Polish invaders and demonstrated an example of heroism and unity of the entire people, regardless of origin, religion and position in society.”

The methodological development of a classroom scenario on the topic “National Unity Day, November 4” is offered to visitors, and is recommended for implementation in the middle school level. In addition to the script, there is also a fascinating and visual presentation of 44 slides in development.

The material of the educational hour makes it possible to organize it in the form of a civil-patriotic orientation, dedicated to the Day of National Unity on November 4. Basic goals class hours are as follows:

development of feelings of patriotism and citizenship, love for the Motherland;
increasing interest in historical events that took place in the Russian state;
fostering feelings of respect and pride for;
formation of responsibility for the future, for the fate of one’s homeland.

National Unity Day November 4 – brief description of the class hour

From the first minutes of the “National Unity Day” class hour, the teacher reports, accompanied by presentation slides, about the Russian national holiday to which the event is dedicated and announces the performance of the national anthem ( first verse and chorus).

And after listening to an excerpt from the anthem of the Russian Federation, the conversation with class students intensifies on the following issues:
Tell me, what does this holiday call for all citizens of our country?
What do you suppose is the meaning of National Unity Day?
Why do you think our people need unity?

Having introduced students to the topic on the above questions, we move on to reading thematic poems: "Unity Forever", .

History of the celebration of National Unity Day

At the next stage of the class, we introduce the children to the history of the origin of this holiday. This holiday was established in memory of the events that took place in the Russian state on November 4, 1612. It was on this day, more than four hundred years ago, under the leadership of Dmitry Pozharsky, as well as Kuzma Minin, the people’s militia were able to storm Kitai Gorod, which led to the liberation of Moscow from the Polish interventionists.

But, the most important thing is that this event demonstrated an example of genuine unity and heroism of the entire people, regardless of religion, position in society, material well-being or origin.

If we consider this holiday from a historical perspective, then it can be associated with the end of the Time of Troubles, which took place in Russia during the late 16th - early 17th centuries. When the Moscow throne began to shake after the death of Ivan the Terrible, and none of his three sons stood at the head of the throne for a long time, Boris Godunov came to power. This is where the period of history began, called the Troubles.

The contribution of Minin and Pozharsky and National Unity Day

Despite the fact that Boris Godunov intended to do a lot of good for his country, the people did not forgive him for the death of Ivan the Terrible’s youngest son, Tsarevich Dmitry, in the midst of famine and crop failure. Here False Dmitry I ascended the throne with the support of the Polish king. However, he did not suit the boyars and Poles, since he did not allow Rus' to be freely ravaged.

Then False Dmitry II ascended the throne, wishing to place the son of the Polish king Vladislav on the Moscow throne. However, the Polish king Sigismund decided to take the Moscow throne himself, making Rus' part of the Kingdom of Poland. Here the patience of the people ran out, and they began to form militias one after another.

Minin and Pozharsky

These militias were headed by Prokopiy Lyapunov, and then by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, to whose militia the merchant Kozma Minin was one of the very first to donate all his property, calling on others to follow his example. And now the militia of Minin and Pozharsky managed to gather a large army and besiege Moscow occupied by the Poles. Two months later, on November 4, 1612, the so-called Kitai-gorod was taken, and the enemy army surrendered to the victors.

National Unity Day November 4 and Ivan Susanin

Let’s not forget about another feat accomplished in 1613 by Ivan Susanin. He managed to lead a detachment of Polish interventionists into a deep forest, which was going to capture only the elected Russian Tsar, the son of Patriarch Filaret - Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. At the cost of his death, Susanin managed to destroy the invaders, leading them to the swamps of a dense forest.

Poems and musical works were composed in honor of Ivan Susanin. During the course, the scriptwriter proposes to organize a dramatization "Ivan Susanin" based on the poem by K. Ryleev

We also remind students that November 4th is also the Day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. These two holidays have become identical since 2005, since the celebration in honor of the icon named "Kazanskaya", was established precisely as a sign of gratitude for the liberation of Rus' from the Poles in 1612.

At the end of the class hour, the results are summed up and a quiz is held on the questions, accompanied by presentation slides. A detailed development of the scenario for the class hour, which is called “National Unity Day,” can be downloaded along with the presentation at the beginning of the article. In the player below we recommend viewing the slides of the specified presentation ↓

1 slide

2 slide

On Unity Day we will be close, We will be together forever, All the nationalities of Russia In distant villages and cities! To live, work, build, sow bread, raise children, create, love and argue, protect the peace of people, honor ancestors, remember their deeds, avoid wars, conflicts, to fill life with happiness, to sleep under a peaceful sky!

3 slide

In 1612, the entire Russian land stood up against the Polish invaders and traitors. The battles for Moscow began. Prince Pozharsky turned out to be a talented commander. And Kozma Minin, not sparing his life, fought under the walls of the capital like a simple warrior.

4 slide

And then the glorious day came: the enemy army surrendered to the mercy of the victors! Prince Pozharsky entered Kitai-Gorod with the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and vowed to build a temple in memory of this victory

5 slide

In 1649, by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, the day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, November 4, was declared a public holiday for the deliverance of Moscow and all of Russia from the invasion of the Poles in 1612. This day was celebrated for centuries until 1917.

6 slide

The reward for Minin and Pozharsky was people's memory. It is not for nothing that a monument to them stands on Red Square - in the very heart of Russia.

7 slide

The monument to Minin and Pozharsky is the very first in Moscow! However, it was initially planned to install it in Nizhny Novgorod - in the city where the militia was gathered. Fundraising began in 1803, and the work was entrusted to Ivan Martos. The sculptor depicted the moment when Kuzma Minin, pointing his hand towards Moscow, hands Prince Pozharsky an ancient sword and calls on him to stand at the head of the Russian army. Leaning on the shield, the wounded governor rises from his bed, which symbolizes the awakening of national self-awareness in a difficult hour for the Fatherland. They decided to erect the monument in Moscow, on Red Square.

Conversation with elements of frontal questioning

"Revived holiday"

Target. Cultivate an interest in studying the history of your country, a sense of pride and respect for the defenders of the state.

Introduce students to the history, meaning and significance of the national holiday;

Give an idea of ​​the events of the early 17th century;

Contribute to the education of patriotic feelings, a sense of pride for the Motherland;

Equipment: multimedia projector, screen, Pover Point presentation.

Slide 1

November 4 in Russia National Unity Day is celebrated .

Our task is to find out why the holiday is “revived”.

Slide 2

National Unity Day was established in December 2004 by Russian President Vladimir Putin in memory of the events of 1612, when the people's militia led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky liberated Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian occupiers.

This is the youngest public holiday was celebrated for the first time in Russia on November 4, 2005.

This is a revived holiday having its own centuries-old history.

Slide 3.

Historically, this holiday is associated with the end of the Time of Troubles in Russia in the 17th century. V Troubles,

The Time of Troubles is the name of the tragic period in the history of our fatherland from 1598 to 1613. Chronologically, this period can be designated as 1584 - 1613. After the death of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible in 1584, his heir Fyodor Ioannovich ascended the throne, who showed little interest in state affairs. Tsar Fedor had no heirs, and his only successor, Tsarevich Dmitry, died in Uglich as a child. In 1598, Fyodor Ioannovich died, and the royal Rurik dynasty ended with him.

15 years in the history of Russia included so many events that in the history of any other state they would be more than enough for a good hundred years: V
– three kings - Boris Godunov (1598–1605), False Dmitry I (1605–1606) and Vasily Shuisky (1606–1610);
Seven Boyars;

V Slide 4-5.

Boyar conspiracies and intrigues, V terrible famine (1601 - 1603), drought, plague epidemic.

V Slide 6-8

Cossack, Polish and simple bandits were rampant everywhere, mocking the Russian people with impunity, robbing, killing, and mocking shrines. Fires and violence started.

The Polish lords took advantage of the terrible situation, trying to enslave Rus'. In their insidious plans they used impostors False Dmitry I and False Dmitry II, who acted under the name of Tsarevich Dmitry.

Slide 9

Today it is difficult for us to imagine what the Russian people had to endure then. Here are just three historical facts of the Polish intervention:
– The siege of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery lasted 16 months (from September 1608 to January 1610). 15 thousand Poles could not break the spirit of two and a half (!) thousand Russians, of whom only every tenth remained alive by the last assault on July 31, 1609;

Slide 10 V 11

– in September 1609, the Polish king Sigismund besieged Smolensk. The city is steadfast V lasted 20 months, although due to terrible scurvy (there was just no salt!) its population decreased by 9 times; Open Polish intervention began. V
- in March 1611, the Poles burned Moscow to Kitay-Gorod and the Kremlin, where they took refuge themselves. There were about 60 thousand killed and burned Muscovites.

“..everything threatened the Russian land with inevitable destruction”...

Slide 12

And there would have been destruction if not for the faith and patriotism of the Russian people. Throughout the Russian land, indignation grew against the Poles and their dashing people.

Nizhny Novgorod took over the banner of the liberation struggle.

At a meeting of elected people who had gathered to talk about the disasters of the earth, the zemstvo elder and merchant Kozma Zakharyich Minin-Sukhoruk rose from his place. Nizhny Novgorod residents knew him as an active and practical person. At a city meeting, Kuzma Minin made his famous speech: “Orthodox, let us help the Moscow state, we will not spare our bellies, and not just our bellies - we will sell our yards, we will pawn our wives and children. It's a great thing! But God will help us."
The next day, a sacrificial impulse swept the entire city. People gave their last.

Slide 13

To lead the militia, Nizhny Novgorod residents decided to call upon the prince and governor, 30-year-old Novgorod prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky, who was being treated nearby after being wounded, and sent delegations of Nizhny Novgorod townspeople to him for negotiations.

Pozharsky agreed, but on one condition: the treasury of the militia must have a special person with exceptional powers. This person was Kuzma Minin.

Kuzma Minin began to manage the militia treasury.

Slide 14

So these two people, elected by the people, became the heads of the Nizhny Novgorod militia.
From that time on, Pozharsky and Minin began to represent the only legitimate power in the Moscow state.

Slide 15

At the beginning of March 1611, the Nizhny Novgorod militia set out on a campaign. He was hurried by both time and the coming spring, which threatened the road with mud.

Slide 16

The Polish occupiers had their last refuge - the Kremlin, which came under a strong siege.

Slide 17

In August 1612 Militia detachments defeated the Polish army near the capital. October 22 / November 4, 1612 militia fighters led by Minin and Pozharsky took Kitay-Gorod by storm.

Slide18-19-20

With the militia, which was led by Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, was the miraculous icon of the Mother of God of Kazan. The Most Holy Lady took the militia under Her protection, and Russia was saved through Her intercession. Before the decisive battle, the Orthodox army endured a three-day fast and tearfully prayed to the Queen of Heaven in front of Her Kazan Icon for the granting of victory. The icon became the main shrine of the militia, a kind of battle banner.

On Sunday, October 25, Russian squads solemnly, with a procession of the cross, went to the Kremlin, carrying the Kazan Icon. The Poles, besieged in the Kremlin, exhausted by hunger and having lost hope of outside help, were forced to surrender. The command of the interventionist garrison signed the surrender. This day became a day of national celebration.

Slide 21

The confidence that it was thanks to the icon of the Kazan Mother of God that the victory was won was so deep that Prince Pozharsky, with his own money, specially built the Kazan Cathedral on the edge of Red Square. Amazingly beautiful, it is decorated with a large mosaic icon of the Kazan Mother of God. Above the entrance is an icon of the Savior.

Slide 22

By decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who reigned in 1645-1676, the obligatory celebration of November 4 was established in 1649 as a day of gratitude to the Blessed Virgin Mary for her help in liberating Russia from the Poles (celebrated until 1917). This day was included in the church calendar as the Celebration of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in memory of the deliverance of Moscow and Russia from the Poles in 1612.

In 2004, the holiday was approved as National Unity Day by President V.V. Putin
Thus, National Unity Day is essentially not a new holiday at all, but a return to an old tradition. On National Unity Day, in different cities of our country, political parties and social movements organize rallies, processions and concerts, charity events and sporting events.

Slide 23 -24

Heroes and heroes in Rus', it seemed, had already disappeared. But there were two honest people who timidly and even seemingly reluctantly emerged from the faceless mass of Russian people - and only then, after their unparalleled feat, went back into the shadows. These two - a Russian peasant and a Russian service man - showed a rare example of selfless service to the fatherland. Therefore, it is no coincidence that their descendants, and only their image, decided to decorate Red Square.

Slide 25

A copy of the monument in Nizhny Novgorod. And in other cities of our country

Slide 26

The merits of Minin and Pozharsky were highly appreciated by the new autocrat: Pozharsky was granted a boyar, and Minin - a Duma nobleman (an act unprecedented at that time).

In the new Moscow government, Minin was entrusted with collecting treasury from all cities. He performed this work until his early death in 1616.

Prince Dmitry Pozharsky successfully led troops in battles against the Polish invaders. Since 1619 he actively worked in the Russian government, heading a number of Orders. Dmitry Pozharsky died on April 30, 1642.

Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky are among the most revered Russian national heroes.

Slide 27

Summary of the conversation. This historical page of our Fatherland has once again shown that in difficult times for the country, Russian people’s patriotic feelings are especially clearly manifested and their best qualities are revealed: selfless love for the Fatherland, the greatest valor and heroism,

the ability to withstand the most difficult trials and defend one’s independence.

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Monument to Minin and Pozharsky the work of the sculptor I. P. Martos (1752 - 1835) is one of the most famous monuments in Moscow. It was created from 1804 to 1815. on public donations and was installed on February 20, 1918 (old style) on Red Square opposite the entrance to the Upper Trading Rows.

The sculptor depicts the moment when Kuzma Minin, pointing his hand towards Moscow, hands Prince Pozharsky an ancient sword and calls on him to stand at the head of the Russian army. Leaning on the shield, the wounded governor rises from his bed, which symbolizes the awakening of national self-awareness in a difficult hour for the Fatherland. On the pedestal of the monument, decorated with two bas-reliefs, there is an inscription: "Grateful Russia to Prince Pozharsky and citizen Minin. 1818" .

In 1930, it was decided to move the sculpture so that it would not interfere with parades. From this time to the present day, the first monument in Moscow is located at the Intercession Cathedral (St. Basil's Cathedral).

Kazan Cathedral, consecrated in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, was built in the 20s of the 17th century at the expense of Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky in gratitude for his help and intercession in the fight against the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. The wooden Temple was consecrated by the Patriarch in the presence of the Tsar and Prince Pozharsky himself, who brought the revered icon of the Kazan Mother of God from the Church of the Presentation, where it was kept until the construction of the Kazan Cathedral.

A few years later, the Temple was seriously damaged by a fire and was restored from brick by the architects Glebov and Petrov in 1635-1637 by order of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. After the revolution, the Cathedral, like many other Temples, was destroyed. At first it was closed and turned into a canteen and warehouse, and in the summer of 1936 it was demolished, thus marking its three hundredth anniversary. Fortunately, the architect P. Baranovsky, carrying out the restoration in 1920, managed to make drawings and measurements. By decision of the Moscow government, the Kazan Cathedral on Red Square was restored according to the design of O. Zhurin, a student of P. Baranovsky.

www.kazaki-narod.ru

http://famouspeople.ucoz.r u/news/4_nojabrja_1612_goda_osvobozhdenie_moskvy_ot_poljakov

http://pro 100-mica.livejournal.com/63696.html